lln'Ol); .i ■ •;;!■ ;i;^;,:i; :?;!:, !i ; I M ! ' ' it ; ■ i l.'i !i!;i;i:|i!: BH'n! nii 1 • ' ' '■' 1 '< ■ ■■ ' \r-.,.: yy>:,:,'-i ■ (:';'.;:;;':';■ ■<\M'r-A K'*ill^^;'i|;i t '- :,i;i iii''fHifMil!'!/'?i '(II ■ ■ ■ mm&msmmm' vr J. » (f 'm BETTER FRUIT Volume XI JULY, 1916 Number 1 (^ Hi/ (■oiirlc.sii /tf the U.-W . H. H. X- A'. Co. SCENE ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY, SHOWING MULTNOMAH FALLS. OVER 800 FEET IN HEIGHT, CONSISTING OF TWO FALLS. This is only one of the many woiuloi lul sights ahmg the Columbia River Highway, which is considered to lie the most nuigiiificent in scenie eftect of any similar length of road anywhere in the world. BETTEK FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States; Canada and Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50. Single Copy 10 Cents BEFORE using Cement Coated Nails Western CementCoatedNails for Western Growers Our Cement Coated Nails are always of uniform length, gauge, head and count. Es- pecially adapted to the manufacture of fruit boxes and crates. In brief, they are the Best on the Market. Write for Growers' testimonials. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. DENVER, COLORADO Pacific Coast Sales Offices Portland, Spokane, San Francisco Los Angeles AFTER use of C. F. & I. Co.'s Cement Coated Nails. We have an attractive Agents proposition. Just what you have been looking for A practical laborsav- ing device for the pro- gressive fruit grower. Increase the attractiveness of your package and you naturally increase your financial returns. Just think all the five stamps placed on the box at one operation and in a neat, uniform way. Always in line with a clear impris- sion of the type. Nothing upside down or hajf printed. Stamps variety, grade, number, grower's name and address and net weight in one second. Inks itself each time for the next box. Can not get out of order. Will work on any kind of press. We have not the space to tell you of all its won- derful features. Write and we will be pleased to send literature. Practical Box Marker Co. Otis Orchards, Wash. Marketing Your Crop! The great problem facing the grower is the marketing of his crop. Be Up-To-Date and CAN it. This insures you against loss from glutted markets and makes your fruits im- perishable. You can do this at home with your own help with an H. & A. Steam Pres- sure Canning Outfit, Family, Orchard or Commercial size. Our recipe book tells you how to can everything eatable that goes into cans with the outfit. Write for descriptive matter to the manufacturers. Henninger & Ayes Mfg. Co. 47 First Street PORTLAND, OREGON Pacific Coast Agents United States Steel Products Co. San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Seattle J. C.Pearson Co., Inc. Sole Manufacturers Old South Bldg. Boston, Mass. PEARSON CONOMY DHESIVENESS ELIABILITY E A R S o NAILS in buying is getting the best value for the money. not alwavs in getting the lowest prices. PEARSON prices are right. or holding pow- er is the reason for PEARSON naiUs. For twenty years they have been making boxes strong. Now, more than ever. behind the goods is added value. Tou can rely on our record of fulfillment of every contract and fair adjustment of every claim. ATTCl'PAr'TTO"^ '^ assured by our x\.XXor .fivy ± AV/X^ long experience in making nails to suit our customers' needs. We know what you want; we guarantee satisfaction. X>T/~'T'V' A T TTV P'"s experience aJ- ••^•'■'^■'••'■^•t*-'-'-'--*- ■■■ ways excels imita- tion. Imitation's highest hope is, to sometime (not now) equal Pearson — meantime vou play safe. A I L LESLIE BUTLER, President TRUMAN BUTLER. Vice President C H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital $100,000.00 4% Interest Paid in our Savings Department WE GIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GOOD FARM LOANS If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY Things We Are Agents for KNOX HATS ALFRED BENJAMIN &. CO.'S CLOTHING DR. JAEGER UNDERWEAR DR. DEIMEL LINEN MESH UNDERWEAR DENT'S AND FOWNES' GLOVES Buffum & Pendleton 311 Morrison Street PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. _ Simons Fruit Co. Simons.^huttleworth, Webling Co. 204 Franklin Street, New York Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread W. H. DRYER W. W. BOLLAM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 A 2348 PORTLAND, OREGON LEVY & SPIEGL WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located TRANSFER & LIVERY CO. Hood River, Oregon Richey & Gilbert Go. H. M. GILBERT. President and Manaser. Growers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPBNISH, WASHINGTON Orchardist Supply House Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, OREGON Established 1893 W.P.KRANER&CO. Importers and Tailors 2nd Floor Couch BIdg. 109 Fourth Street Portland, Ore. Geo. E. Kramer C. W. StoM W. van Diem I^nge hV.inkpn Straat 46, 47. 49. 61. 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Frulta Eldest and First-Class House in this Branch Cable Address: 'W. Vandlem ABC Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties Are Apples, Pears, Naval Oranges WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 4 BETTER FRUIT Julv PREPAREDNESS We hear considerable on this subject in a National way. It has also as great' a meaning to each fruit grower in properly equipping himself to handle the fruit crop quickly and economically. We issue a small catalog containing articles of proven worth, time savers and money savers. Things you will need and need badly during the summer and fall. One cent invested in a postal card request will bring you this catalog giving descrip- tion and prices on Fruit Ladders Picking Bags Picking Pails Nail Strippers Lid Presses AND MANY OTHER ORCHARD SUPPLIES The combination of quality and price which we offer you is an interesting feature of this line. Prepare now if only to the extent of sending for this catalog of Orchard and Packing House Supplies. THE HARDIE MFG. CO. 49 N. Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON PORTLAND. OREGON Portland Hotel The hotel which made Portland, Oregon, famous Most Desirably Located. In the Center of Shopping and Theatre District Covers a City Block. Broadway, Sixth, Morrison and Yamhill Streets European Plan — $ 1 .00 per day and upward Write for Portland Hotel Booklet. GEO. C. OBER, Manager Sebastopol Gravensteins We are now booking orders for the famous Sebastopol Gravenstein apples for July and August shipment. The best fruit from over 200 of our best orchards. Commu- nity packing houses insure uniform pack. See our rep- resentative or communicate with us. Sebastopol Apple Growers' Union SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA THE Pride of Oregon Apple Sizer NO NOISE Simplest in Construction. No Machinery to get out of order. Efficient and Economical. LOW PRICES MANUFACTURED BY J.RJUNAMAKER&CO. 1210 C Street HOOD RIVER, OREGON Send for descriptive matter and testimonials. Please mention "Better Fruit." WHFN wRiTiNi; Ai'\ i;ktiser5 mrntion better fruit BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING By-Laws of the Fruit Growers' Agency, Incorporated Article I. — Name Sec. 1. The name of this corpora- tion shall be The Fruit Growers' Agency, Incorporated. Article II. — Objects This exchange is organized for the purpose of supervising the performance of a uniform contract which exists be- tween the growers and their respective sales agencies, for the selling of the fruit products of the Pacific Northwest; to provide the means and facilities for carrying out the provisions contained in this contract as hereinafter set forth; to establish and maintain an "exchange" for the promotion of business and social relations among its members, and espe- cially the advancement of the mutual interests of the fruitgrowers and fruit shippers of the Pacific Northwest, by all proper and legitimate methods; to collect and disseminate information; to secure improvements in transporta- tion and storage services and condi- tions; to encourage competition by hon- orable methods only; to adjust by fair and etiuitable means grievances and difTerences; to correct trade evils and abuses; to prohibit all customs not in accordance with sound business prin- ciples; to secure the unification of con- tracts anil accounting methods; to se- cure uniform methods in the physical handling, grading and packing of fruit from tree to car; to provide the neces- sary facilities for the extension and development of domestic and Canadian markets; to provide the necessary facil- ities for the promotion and conduct of export shipments and sales and work through joint agents and consignees for this purpose; to underwrite steamship charters and develop new fruit trade routes; to co-operate with federal agencies in such lines of work as they may undertake in behalf of the fruit industry; and to form and carry out plans for the mutual protection and benefit of its members in the harvest- ing, marketing and distribution of the Pacific Northwest fruit and produce crops. To enable this corporation to carry out the jmrposes for which it is organ- ized, it shall have the power: 1. To do all things necessary, proper and legal to carry out the purposes to its organization as above stated. 2. To buy, rent, lease, actiuire and own such property, real or personal, as may be necessary for carrying on the business of the corporation and to sell, lease, mortgage, release and handle the same. 3. To aid in any manner any corpo- ration or association organized for like purpose as this one, and to do any acts and things necessary for the success thereof and to assist it in carrying out the purpose of its organization. To co- operate with and become a member of any state, interstate or national organi- zation organized for the same general purpose as this. 4. To borow money and secure the payment of the same by bond, mort- gage, note, hypothecation or pledge of any property belonging to the corpora- tion and to issue such promissory notes, bonds, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness as may be deemed nec- essary by the Board of Trustees, to meet and discharge its obligations, to advance and promote the lawful pur- pose of its creation. 5. To make and enter into contracts with its members, other persons, asso- ciations or corporations and to do any and all others acts and things neces- sary to carry out the purpose of its or- ganization and which may be author- ized by law, and to assist its members in every way practicable in the conduct of their business. 6. To sue and be sued. Article III. — Membership and Dues Sec. 1. (a) The membership of this corporation shall be composed exclu- sively of individuals, firms or corpora- tions which are (1) growers, (2) grow- ers' organization and (3) growers' sell- ing agents who handle an average of one hundred or more cars of fruit and produce per year, and who are actually domiciled and do business in the States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho or Montana. (b) There shall be two classes of membership, to-wit: (1) An active membership which carries with it the right to vote and hold office; (2) a (|ual- ilied or passive membership which does not have the right to vote or to hold ofiice. (c) The annual fee for active mem- bership shall be $100.00, payable in ad- vance. The annual fee for passive membership shall be .?5.00, payable in advance. (d) Eligibility for membership: (1) Any growers' resident sales agent who is engaged in the actual sale and distri- bution of an average of not less than 100 cars of fruit or fruit and produce per year may become an active member only; (2) any grower whose average production is not less than one car i)er year and any growers' organization which handles an average of not less than one hundred cars of fruit or produce per year may become an active member. Any grower regardless of the amount of his annual production may become a qualified or passive member. (e) Every applicant for membership, active or passive, shall agree and obli- gate himself to enter into and perform the uniform selling contract adopted by the corporation and to conduct his business in compliance with the by- laws and such rules and regidations as the corporation may from time to time make and promulgate. (f) Such person, firm or corporation desiring to become an active or passive member of this corporation shall make application to the chairman of the membership conmiittee in writing, ac- companied by the membership fee and a general statement covering the applicant's financial responsibility, the length of time engaged in business, the character of his or its business, and references as to the business standing of the applicant. Such application and statement shall be presented to the membership committee as hereinafter provided. (g) Members failing to pay their dues and assessments may be suspended or dropped from the roll at the discretion of the Board of Trustees, and shall thereupon forfeit the rights and priv- ileges of membership in the corpora- tion, but no member shall be expelled except by a two-thirds vote of the trustees, and no such expulsion shall act to relieve the member so expelled from liability for unpaid dues and assessments. (h) The resignation of an active member shall not be accepted except upon four weeks' notice to the Execu- tive Secretary in writing, and the pay- ment of all dues and other obligations to the corporation, including those of the fiscal year, April 1 to March 31 (inclusive). (i) After an active member has once been elected the fact that he shall in any one year fail to ship the requisite nuTiiber of cars shall not ipso facto terminate his membership. However, if in two successive years he shall have failed to ship the requisite avei'age number of cars per year, he may be dropped from membershii) upon the allirmativc vote of two-thirds of the Hoard of Trustees. (j) Any member guilty of conduct or business dealing i)rejudicial to the good name, standing or best interests of this organization, or who wilfully fails or refuses to perform any contractual obligation incident to membersliip. may be deemed unworthy of membershii) and expelled herefrom by a two-thirds vote of the active members of the Board of Trustees of this corporation; provided, however, that the accused shall first be given a fair and impartial hearing before the Board of Trustees. Page 6 BETTER FRUIT Jlllv (k) Expulsion slijill (ifprivf Ihc ex- pelled member frdiii ;ill his rislit, title and interest in and to all the property owned by the corporation, including its franchise. Article IV. — Board of Trustees. Sec. 1. The Board of Trustees of this corporation shall consist of not less than eleven voting members, live of whom shall be exclusively growers and five of whom shall be exclusively sales agents. The eleventh member of said board shall be elected from the active membership, and may be either a grower or a sales agent. Whenever it appears that the active voting member is a partnership, an association or cor- poration, the said partnership, associ- ation or corporation shall, if a partner- ship, select a member, if an association or a corporation, an oHicer and shall certify his name, and upon such certifi- cation the same member or ollicer shall be deemed eligible for the election to membership on the Board of Trustees. Sec. 2. The Board of Trustees shall exercise the general powers of the cor- poration, and manage and control the affairs thereof. They may make rules not inconsistent with the laws of the United States, the state, or with the charter and by-laws of the corporation, for the guidance of the oflicers, and the management of its business. De- mand fi'om any ollicer of any of the books, papers, documents or records pertaining to the business of the cor- poration for examination or other pur- pose, may be made by the Board of Trustees at any time. Sec. 3. Within thirty days after in- corporation is perfected, at a meeting called for that purpose, the active mem- bers shall elect from its eligible mem- bership eleven persons who shall com- pose the Board of Trustees. Sec. 4. 'I'he term of ollice of the Board of Trustees shall be for the period of one year from the date of the annual meeting at which they are elected; or in the event of the omission or postponement (tf the annual meeting, until their successors are elected and have duly qualified. Sec. .'). Should a vacancy occur on the Board of Trustees, the remaining members thereof, as soon as practicable thereafter, shall elect his successor to fill the unexpired term, said successor to be from the same geographical dis- trict in which the vacancy occurs. Article V. — Officers Sec. 1. The oflicers of the corpora- tion .shall be a President, Vice-Presi- dent, Treasurer and Executive Secre- tary. The President nuist be a member of the Board of Trustees, 'fhe Execu- tive Secretary shall not be a member of this corporation or of the Board of Trustees, nor shall he be alliliated with any individual, firm or corporation en- gaged in the marketing of fruit and produce, 'file President, Vice-Presideiil or Executive Secrelaiy may also hold the ollice of treasurer. .Sec. 2. The tiustees above named shall be elected by the active members at their annual meeting and shall hold ofTice for a period of one >ear or unlil their successors are elected and quali- fied. The oflicers above named shall be elected by the trustees from among their number at their annual meeting and shall hold ollice for a period of one \ear, or unlil their successors are ([ualilied. Sec. 3. Any ollicer may be suspended from oflice for neglect of or refusal to perform his duties, or for ollicial mis- conduct, by a three-fourths vote of the Board of Trustees present at a regular meeting, or at a special meeting called for that purpose, provided that due notice thereof, with opportunity for hearing, shall have been given in writ- ing to the delinquent at least twenty (20) days prior to said meeting. Sec. 4. Oflicers, the Executive Com- mittee, and the Board of Trustees shall be paid for the actual expenses in- curred while attending meetings. If any ollicer or trustee render any special service for the corporation at the request or under the employment of the board, he shall be paid therefor such compensation as shall be ileter- mined by the Board of Trustees, and be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred by him while engaged in such service. Sec. 5. Any vacancy caused by the death, resignation or disqualification of any oflicer shall be filled by the Board of Trustees. In case of the temporary absence or disability of any ollicer, the board may ajspoint one of its members to act in his stead until his return or the disability is removed. Article VI. — Duties of Officers Sec. 1. The President shall preside at all meetings of the members and of the Board of Trustees. As the execu- tive head of the corporation, he shall enforce its by-laws and execute the will of the members and of the Board of Trustees, and shall have general super- vision and direction of the work of each ollicer and committee. He shall appoint, under the direction and sub- ject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, all committees not otherwise provided for. He shall sign all instru- ments necessary to be executed under the seal of the corporation, and coun- tersign all orders drawn upon the Treasurer. Sec. 2. The Vice-President shall, in the absence or disability of the Presi- dent, or upon his request perform the President's duties. Sec. 3. The Treasurer shall receive and account for all mone\- which shall come into the possession of the corpo- ration and disburse the same upon war- rant of the Executive Secretary, coun- tersigned by the President. The Treas- urer shall furnish bond in such sum as may be required by the Board of Trus- tees, the exijcnse of same to be paid by the corporation. Sec. 4. The duties of the Executive Secretary shall be as follows: He shall keep full and accurate records of the transactions of the corporation, the Board of Trustees and its committees, conduct all correspondence relating to his department and issue warrants when countersigned by the President ui)on the Treasurer for such expendi- tures as are necessary in conducting the business of the corporation. He shall manage the affairs of the corporation and carry out the policies and instruc- tions of the Board of Trustees. Sub- ject to the approval of trustees, he shall have power to employ and dismiss all specialists, experts and agents, the serv- ices of whom may be re(|uired in con- ducting the affairs of the corporation. He also shall have power to employ and dismiss all necessary clerical and mis- cellaneous help. He shall be the cus- todian of the books, papers and records of the corporation and shall have power to make, under direction of and assuming that the Executive Secretary is the Treasurer, subject to the ap- proval of the President and the Board of Trustees, any and all contracts for and in the name of the corporation. He shall give a satisfactory bond for the faithful jjerformance of his duties, the amount of which bond shall be deter- mined by the Board of Trustees and the expense of same paid by the cor- poration. Continued in next issue The New York Produce men will si)end ■'*.">OflO to entertain the Interna- tional .\pple Shippers" .\ssociation mem- bers in New York City in .\ugust.' Among the fruit dealers who are taking an important part in arranging the pro- graiu are Messrs. E. N. Loomis, Joseph H. Steinhardt, W. H. French, C. W. Kimball, (ieorge W. Nix, P. F. Love and .1. A. Melon. If any apple grower in the Northwest can spare enough money to pay his railroad fare to New York City, meals and enlertainment will be plentiful. By the way, these meetings are the most business-like and the most instructive of any meeting conducted by any association in reference to the fruit indiistr\. Fruit Sizing Machines The new "Francis Type" machine has solved the fruit sizing prob- lem to a finer point of perfection than ever before. It does very accurate work in sizing apples, peaches, pears, pota- toes and tomatoes. It has a great capacity and will not bruise. We are proud of this new development and you will quickly understand why when you have read our literature. Send for illustrations and description at once. Western Fruit Grader and Mfg. Co., Grand Junction, Colorado WHEN WRITING -MJVF.RTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT igi6 BETTER FRUIT The Tractor a Requirement for the Orchard By C. M. Walker, Stockton, California THE importance of cultivation in orchards cannot be emphasized too strongly, especially in those sections where it is essential that the moisture put into the soil by the winter rains should be conserved. Cultivating the soil destroys the weeds, which have millions of tiny tubes sucking up the moisture for their own use, and de- priving the trees of it. It also |)reserves the soil nudch, a blanket of dust that covers the ends of the tiny capillary tubes formed in the soil, and prevents the moisture from rising through these tubes and evaporating into the open air. In many cases, orchard cultiva- tion is neglected. In many others, it is unsatisfactorily or insulliciently done, owing to lack of proper tools or, more likely, lack of adequate power. The coming of the tractor has opened the way to the orchardist for fretiuent and thorough cultivation with a mininunn expenditure of time and labor and, which is probably most important, a minimum of expense. There are tractors on the market that are admirably adapted for orchard cul- tivation — narrow, low-down and short- turning — and these three are prime requisites of a tractor for orchard work. The tractor must be narrow enough to work between the most closely-set trees without danger of damage to the bark. It must be low enough to get under the low-hanging branches, and in this connection it is interesting to note that some of the tractors now offered for orchard work stand less than half as high as a horse. As for short turning, it is almost need- less to say that to be successful in orchard work a tractor must be able to circle short, swinging from one row into the next without any dillicult maneuvering or loss of time. Granted that the orchardist uses care in his choice of a tractor, picking one that possesses the above qualifications and that is reliable and low in oper- ating and upkeep costs, its possibilities are great. This, for example, is the experience of the Fargo Orchards Compan>' of Portland, Oregon: "Our tractor has simplified our woik at the orchard immenseh'. We find our aver- for plowing is seventy-seven acre; for discing and spring- and foi- spiking and clod sixtv cents per acre. This is a big reduction over the horses, and saves us the trouble of handling a large number of men. Its main advantage has been its abilit\ to do oui' work when we wanted it done, and the way we wanted it done. When the working season is over, the machine goes info its shed and we have no bother, trouble or expense until we take it out again in the spring. If has been a great pleasure to watch it working back and forth across the land during these hot days without a pause, while all about us our neighbors have been resting and blow- ing their hoises a! the end of every furrow." age cost cents per toothing, niashini This is just one typical example. Scores of similar ones can be found. Xor should the orchardist get the notion that the tractor's usefulness is limited to the work of cultivating. It is ideal for hauling fruit to market or bringing supplies to the ranch. Where teams tire and falter under the heat and long hours, the tractor goes on as long as the tractioneer is willing to work. And if he wishes, the tractor owner can find many opportunities for doing custom work in most conmiunities — plowing, hauling, road grading, etc. — work that pays a good profit and keeps the tractor busy more days in the year. A few years ago, the tractor was more or less of a mystery to many people. Today, thanks largely to the popularity Page 7 of the automobile, the gas engine is no longer considered a "fearful and won- derful thing." A man with as nmch in- telligence as the orchardist would want the driver of his horses to possess, can operate and care for a tractor. The tiactor manufacturers as a general rule provide complete instructions for the care anil operation of the machines they build; also, in most cases, they provide an expert operator to unload and start the machine and instruct the purchaser. A few manufacturers even go so far as to hold schools in which owners or prospective purchasers can learn to become expert tractioneers. Service — not only the service in a ma- chine but the service beliind it — has become an important feature of the tractor industry today, insuring the purchaser's satisfaction and success with his machine. The Standardization of Fruit Products By C. A. Tonneson, Tacoma, Editor Northwest Horticulturist and Dairyman THE production of fruit, including its manufacture into the various fin- ished forms, is known by the term in- dustry. The distribution, disposition or sale is strictly a business proposition. Those engaged in the business of sell- ing invariably require from those de- voting their attention to industry that the articles delivered to sell shall be of some standard form. Failure in this particular is, perhaps, one of the great- est causes of loss and dissatisfaction known both to growers and merchants. Those handling the business part say that buyers in the markets are exact- ing and discriminating, and that com- petition is keen on account of the great variety of fruits received from various other avenues and districts. About the only wa\ the man who devotes his attention to industry can fully realize the importance of standardization is to see his product or goods in such form as he chooses to deliver them from the selling standpoint. In concluding the United States Farmers' Bulletin on the Distribution of Fruits and Vegetables on Large Markets, Charles J. Brand, chief of that bureau, states that one of the most practical steps the shipper can fake to better his ccmdition is to familiarize himself with business prac- tices and secuie a better knowledge of the wa>' his produce is handled on the markets. ('onsiderable progi'css is being made in the standardization of fruits and fruit producls. and f)f the methods em- ployed in the Northwest. The grower who gels the market viewpoint of a standard pack of apples or pears, which includes uniform size, good color, sound fruit in a neat package, fJL'ures far enough back to include good tillage, pruning to oijcn beads in the Coast section, spraying for scab and brown rot, and if the cost of produc- tion cannot be kept low enough to aO'ord some fair margin of profit when figured on Ihe average market price, then it is evident some other form of a standard i)i-oduct for these fruits must be undertaken or the project aban- doned, for to offer fruits when not measuring up to market requirements is both demoralizing and unprofitable. Let us look at our commercial fruit industry in the coast section of Wash- ington from the maiketing standpoint. Speaking only of the apples offered in properly standardizerl form there are but few varieties grown which, during the past five years, have been sold at prices to return some fair measure of profit to the growers. Among them may be mentioned Yellow Transparent, Duchess, (iravensteins. Wealthy, King and to a limited extent the Spitzenberg, also Golden Glow and Home Beauty, and for future connnerci.il markets per- haps the most promising is the (iraven- stein. What shall we do with our many other varieties? Why not look into the dried fruit markets"? The price to growers today is from 10 to 11 cents for sliced, cored and evaporated apples. A leading apple grower in one of the fruit-growing states east figured a net profit of about 2(1 cents per bushel at that price. He first took advantage of a satisfactory fresh-fruit market, then dried the balance of his crop, drying separately also the peelings and cores, which was sold for stock feed. There is a prospective growing market for dried apples in Alaska, in .South .Amer- ica, and to some extent in I-urope. Let us watch these closely through the United Stales Dcparliiient of (^onunerce and through our leading exporting mer- chants from this Coast. In the market- ing of fall iicars which will carr\ well, rarlicularly the Anjous, the experi- nienls so far are very iironiising. If we can establish a trade for three or four of these fall varieties tiien if will not he dillicult lo adhere to reipiired stand- ards of the markets. If is through Ihe bush fruits that Western Washington is making some satisfactory degree of progress com- mercially al the present lime. The berries are all naturally superb and the methods of handling these in fresh form are well up to standard recpiire- '"cnls of the markets in which lhe\ are Pape 8 BETTER FRUIT July We carry in Portland Stock Labels for Apples, Pears, Strawberries and Cherries Can make shipment of Printed Stock Labels in 24 hours. Send for Samples and Prices TftE^IMP^OfraFPTDOELLER CO 1423-24 NORTHWESTERN BANK BLDG. PORTLAND. E.Shelley Morgan. Manager. OREGON. sold. To reach the more distant mar- kets and to further develop all markets, however, we must do more canning, make more soda-fountain fruit juices, more jams, jellies, fruit butters, sher- bets, raspberry cider, unfermented grape juice, blackberry cordial, logan- berry juice, make use of the strawberry whenever its flavor is desired. The national and the state pure-food laws have been of inestimable value to the fruitgrowers of this part of the state. The markets are developing with wonderful rapidity for the unfermented juices of the loganberry, red raspberry and the grape. To standardize these as to quality and size of package and sell through regular market channels at prices satisfactory both to producers and consumers is the problem. Can the loganberry, red raspberry, straw- berry and grape growers press out sulh- cient number of gallons of juice per acre and put it in standard form with sufTicient profit margin to cover cost of sale and further advertising, then a tremendous industry is assured. Italian prunes are now pitted and canned in about a ten-per-cent syrup and put out under an Oregon brand, a standard article said to be moving well in the market. A few years ago it was the custom to use a forty-per-cent syrup with prunes. A better article is now put up at less expense. The same principle applies to other fruits and to juices. The chemists and processors have discovered that the simple matter of sterilizing the containers the second time at from 24 to 36 hours after the first, that the bacteria developing fer- ments is under better control than if more sugar had been used and sterilized but once. The same principle applied to the different berry juices. These products can be condensed, boiled down if need be and a much less pro- portion of sugar used in preservation than was formerly considered neces- sary and was the general practice. Here is opportunity for service. Let us have a committee appointed to get at every phase of the selling require- ments for standardization, eliminate all unnecessary expenses, but adhere strictly to rules by which those repre- senting the industry of production and those having charge of the business of selling can meet with some measure of satisfaction to them and to the ever- increasing consumer. The Ozark strawberry crop is esti- mated at 2300 cars. One hundred cars from any district in the Northwest looks pretty big. Apparently the Ozark strawberry growers do not fear over- production, in strawberries at least. Lieut. Bryan, U. S. N. stated before the Am. Soc. of Naval Engineers: "Oils made from the as- phalt-base crudes have shown themselves to be much better adapt- ed to motor cylinders, as far as their carbon- forming proclivities are concerned,than are paraffine-base Penn- sylvania oils." Zerolene is scientifically- refined from selected Cali- fornia crude — asphalt-base. Highest competitive awards, San Francisco and San Diego Expositions. For sale by dealers everjrwhere and at service stations and agencies of the Standard Oil Company. ZEROLENE j^ Siattdard OiHorMahr (kr$ The Experiment Stations are doing some wonderful work for ilip benefit of the farmer and fruit grower, showing the value of modern methods of efflciency, econoniv and produetiveness. The above scene shows the Experiment Station al Purdue, Indiana, putting the' ground in thorough state of tilth with an Acme harrow. True -to -Name Nursery GAU^IGAN BROS. Proprietors Hood River, Oregon Dufur, Oregon Growers of high crade nursery stock, guaranteed Inie-to-narae. Breeders and ImporterB of pure-bred Ulg T>T)e Poland-China Hogs. Service boara. bred gilts and weaning pigs for sale. For catalog of nursery stock and prloefl on serine, write True-to-Name Nursery HOOD RIVER. OREGON WItEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 9 Correcting Unsanitary Orchard Soils Unsanitary soil conditions are serious handi- i caps to the growth of orchard trees. J They are the direct cause of certain root dis- JJ eases. a They Hmit the amount of plant food that is 5 available, and cause mal-nutrition. Root diseases and lack of food stunt the growth of trees and reduce the amount of fruit produced. Slow growth, mishapen branches, small leaves and pale color of leaves are some of the signs of bad soil sanitation. When these are noticed, the faulty conditions should be corrected at once. The trouble may be caused by shallow soil, hardpan, tight clay, or bad drainage. Rational blasting gets directly at the seat of trouble and relieves some of the most pronounced cases by shattering the hardpan and deepening the soil, or by opening seepage channels into the hard soil through which the stagnant surface water can sink into the subsoil. Relief from excessive surface water, which causes bad soil sanitation, is obtained by blasting ditches. This is a quick and economical method. Orchard blasting is fully described in "Developing Logged-Off Lands." Land owmers and orchardists can obtain a copy of this valuable book by addressing Agricultural Division E. i. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY Wilmington, Delaware Dra:i' sold weather and frost during the nionth of April. Page 10 BETTER FRUIT Jnlv "/ tvish I were an artist" How often have you heard that expression? You are probably an artist in YOUR PARTIC- ULAR LINE of business. We Are in Ours Let OUR ARTIST paint your picture. The superior value of color display properly ex- ecuted cannot be disputed. We Excel in High Grade Show Cards, Cut Outs, Hangers, Posters and Booklets, and all classes of advertising matter. For samples and other information address Advertising Dept. ScHmidt LitHog'rapH Co. SAN FRANCISCO Los Angeles Fresno Portland Seattle Salt Lake City Honolulu Sweet Clover a Strong Nitrogen Gatherer By F. B. Linfield, Bozeman, Montana THERE are many varieties of sweet clover, but only two are common in our Northern country, the white (Melilotus alba) and the yellow (Melilo- tu.s ollicinalis). Both are biennial I)lants. The white variety is preferred as a crop. A study of the character- istics of this plant shows its wonder- ful adaptability to a great variety of conditions. It is a very vigorous and rapid grower, attaining a height of a to 10 feet. Extreme of heat or cold does not seem to aU'ect the plant. It grows well in the extreme vSoulh and all the way between up to and including Mon- tana, where it grows well in nearly every part of the state. It can with- stand very great extremes of wet or dry soils and it will grow on stronger alkali soil than any other farm crop. In fact it has considerable renovating power when grown on such soils. It will also grow better on very poor soils than any other leguminous plant, but to do its best the soil should be rich in lime. A peculiai-ity of the plant is that it needs a very firm seed bed. It will even start on hard, compact soil if moisture is available. It does not ger- minate readily or grow well on loose, open soils. Sweet clover is a strong nitrogen gatherer, the roots being loaded with nodules even on poor soil. It is, thus, a great soil enricher. Some soils need inoculation, but this is not commonly the case in Montana. As the ijlaiit is a biennial, it does not grow very high the first year, but stores up a large food supply in its fleshy roots. Tlie second season it develops to its full height, and if permitted to do so matures a heavy crop of seed. At the end of the second season the plant dies; the roots, thus, adding much humus to the soil. As a rule the seeds are slow to germinate, as there are many hard-coated seeds. Probably not more than half the seeds will germi- nate the first season. This means a little thicker seeding than for alfalfa, say, 12 to 15 pounds per acre. In the dryer sections of the state, on the bench lands, the crop may be seeded in rows, 24 to 36 inches apart, when 3 to 5 pounds of seed per acre will be plenty. Sweet clover produces a very fine quality of honey, and as it flowers pro- fusely and continuously through the season it provides a large quantity of honey for the honey bee. Compared with alfalfa, sweet clover is a stronger grower and a much larger plant. It is richer also in protein, when cut in early bloom, which is the best time for making hay. It is not to be recommended as taking the place of alfalfa or red clover where these do well. Sweet clover is such a vigorous grower that to many farmers it appears to be a weed. However, it seems to grow mainly in waste places only, and does not usually trouble the cultivated fields. It is not readily eaten by stock because of its bitter taste, and they have to be starve(f to it at times. Once they learn to eat it, however, they seem to relish it as well as they do alfalfa. It is valuable as a fodder crop only in its early stages of growth, as after if is in fufl bloom it gets very woody and the leaves fall. The crop should be seeded in spring on a firm seeif bed. I'all-ijlowed land, or land that has had a cultivated crop the year before, is to be preferre Hre-'ncot' warchnu.-ii- aiul cold stoiaKi- plain, tiiai is up-to-the-minute in facilities and efficiency. Built of reinfoi-ced concrete and biick. equipped with the Henry VoKt ab.sorption sy.stem of refi iKeration. with cold .storage capacity available foi' public storage of approximately 75 car-s. . We have double trackage inside the building, enabling the spotting of six cars at one time at our unloading doors. , , , We offer perfect storage, low insurance, no drayage or .swllching charges, and aulc^i service to all that territory east and south served by the C. M. & St. P.. I. C, C. R. I. & P., C. B. & Q. in connection with G. N.. and the C. & N. W. R. R. Companies. Storage in tran.sit rates in effect via all roads. , , , o .■ We would be i>leased to hear fi-om shippers who contemplate serving trade in South- ern Minnesota and Iowa, and desire to do so iiuieklv when the time comes. We can name favorable storage rates. We will h.- in a position to handle cars " " ' " ' " ' ■ ' "' HALEY-NEELEY COMPANY, Sioux Falls, S.D. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISLRS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT July BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON Official Organ of The Norlliwest Fruit Growers' Association A Monthly Illustrated Alagazine Published in the Interest of Modem Fruit Growing and Marketing All Communications Sliould Be Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD. Etlltor and Piibllslier STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lewis. Horticulturist Coirallis WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander. Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris. Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Thomber, Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gillette, Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering. State Agricultural College Fort Collins E. P. Taylor, Horticulturist Grand Junction IDAHO W. U. Wicks. Horticulturist Moscow UTAH Dr. E. D. Ball, Director and Entomologist Logan MONTANA O. B. Whipple, Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W, Woodworth, Entomologist Berkeley W. H- Volck, Entomologist Watsonville Leon O. Batchelor. Horticvdlurist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson, Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winslow. Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE; In the United States. $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign, including postage, $1.50 AD\'ERTISING BATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter r)eceml)er 27. 19CG. at the Postofflce at Hood River. Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3. 1S79. The Fruit Growers' Agency, Incor- porated. — The Fruit Growers' Agency has made splendid progress, asserting it now controls about 75 per cent of the tonnage. Great credit is due the gov- ernment ollicials, Messrs. Basett, Moo- maw and Kerr, and to Captain Wey- rauch, the president, who have worked unceasingly and untiringly. The Agency will render market service similar to the service rendered on strawberries and peaches, which has proved very beneficial to selling concerns. There- fore it is not entirely experimental, as many people imagine. However, the Agency will cover a much broader field, doing much more than rendering a service on market information. The Agency has been endorsed by the gov- ernment, by our governors and Experi- ment Station men, bankers and busi- ness men very generally. The cost will not exceed one dollar per car, which will be about one-sixth of a cent per box. It does not seem that something that is so well recommended should be passed up when the cost is so small an item. The fruit industry needs the good will of everybody. It needs the good will of those who have endorsed the Fruit Growers' Agency. To refuse to join would incur the displeasure of those who have recommended the Agency. It docs not seem that any grower can afford to do this when the cost will be so small. It is the gen- eral, almost the universal opinion, that the Fruit Growers' Agency will be a success. A year's time will show its value. The cost is small. It is the opinion of the oflicials, and those who have worked most in behalf of the Agency, that after a year's time no- body will want to get out, but that everybody will want to get in. With the endorsements given the Fruit Grow- ers' Agency it seems that the fruitgrow- ers would act wisely in giving it the fullest support possible in order that the Agency may have the fullest op- portunity to accomplish the greatest amount of good. If this is done, those who have given the matter the most attention believe it will prove a suc- cess, and that the fruitgrowers will be helped and enabled to obtain better prices. That is what they all want. Apple Estimates for the Northwest. — Early this spring fruitgrowers through- out the Northwest were all comment- ing upon the wonderful amount of spurs and fruit buds and prophesying a bumper crop. There was no question about it. The trees were full of spurs — the spurs were full of buds, great big ones, bigger than ever before. Then came blooming time. The orchards looked like snow banks. Every fruit- grower figured, if apples brought good prices, he would be a millionaire. This wonderful crop that was prophesied in the bloom has been greatly diminished. Several fruit sections in the Northwest suffered from frost damage all the way from 20 per cent, some estimating the loss as high as 100 per cent. In addi- tion to the frost damage there was a shedding after blooming that was fierce. Nearly all trees shed not only many clusters, but the balance of clusters to one in a cluster. This was followed by a continuous dropping during the month of June. At the present time the apples are still small, about the size of marbles, and green, like the color of the leaves, scattering over the trees in varying quantities, with very few orchards heavy. So it is almost an impossible proposition for a grower to even estimate his own individual crop. The above condition is illustrated by the way one grower expressed himself. During the blooming time he estimated his croi) at 15,000 boxes; after shedding he estimated his crop between 10,000 and 12,000 boxes; after the June drop between 8,000 and 9,000 boxes, ^^^lile it is too early to make any definite statement, there are many who do not figure the 1916 crop of Oregon, Wash- ington, Idaho and Montana will exceed very much, if any, the crop of 1915. In all probability there will be more apples in 1910 than in 1915, but the bumper crop that we were going to have when the estimates were given out in blooming time has faded away. About August first pretty reliable infor- mation can be furnished as to the size of the crop, but not very much sooner. Spraying for Fungus. — Never before in the past in the Northwest have the fruitgrowers sprayed more thoroughly for codling moth and fungus than they have this year. It is too earl> to tell anything about the damage from cod- ling moth, but the results obtained in preventing scab was something phe- nomenal. The crop will be clean. The general plan of spraying for the pre- vention of scab was pretty well estab- lished by previous years' experience, consequently nearly all growers in dis- tricts troubled with scab used the proper fungicides at the right time, get- ting splendid results. However, there was much doubt about the advisability of using a fungicide with arsenate of lead in the second codling-moth spray, which is usually put on in June, for the reason at this time the weather is very warm and fungicides, particularly those containing sulphur, are apt to burn. Bordeaux is also apt to burn at this time of the year when the fuzz is still on the apple, especially if followed by rain. It remains to be determined whether it is advisable to apply a fungi- cide in this spray or omit it. This year when the weather turned warm a burning occurred from the sulphur fungicide. A great many orchardists who had kept their orchards free from scab by previous sprays omitted the fungicide. These had no burning. It remains to be seen whether scab will develop in these orchards later in the Tillamook County Beaches Are Calling Are You Going Down This Summer? Neah-Kah-Nie Classic Ridge Manhattan Rockaway MANY BEACH RESORTS Oceanlake Tillamook Bay Manzanita Garibaldi MANY ATTRACTIONS Bathing in the Surf Boating Fishing Golf and Tennis Lake Lytle Elmore Park Barview Bayocean Clam Digging Dancing I niAl DOIIKin TDID FADCC Are on sale daily from Southern Pacific LUW nUUnU I mr rnnCO stations to XiUamook Beach Resorts. Return limit September 30th. Ask local agents for further information or write for booklet "Tillamook Beaches." John M, Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES WHEN WRITING .\nVERT ISERS MITNTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 13 season. If it does, then in future years the gi-ower will have to determine which is the greater loss, from scab or the loss from the burning. However, it is believed that if the grower has been successful in keeping his orchard free from scab by previous sprays that it may not be necessary to use a fungi- cide in the second codling-moth spray. The Stephens Bill. -— The Stephens Bill before Congress is a bill for price maintenance and to prevent price cut- ting. There is nothing that injures any business more than unnecessary and serious price cutting. It applies to the fruitgrower as well as any other kind of business. Those who have investi- gated the Stephens Bill fully believe it will be a big factor in stabilizing busi- ness and maintaining just prices. It has received strong endorsements; there- fore it is believed that every man in business, including the fruitgrower, will be benefited by this bill, conse- quently it is entitled to support. Let- ters from Congressmen from the North- west indicate they have investigated the bill and believe it a good one. Other Congressmen, who have not investi- gated the bill, say they will give it im- mediate consideration. So it is to be hoped that everybody will familiarize themselves with the Stephens Bill, and it is believed they will find it a de- sirable bill. If they do, it is every- body's duty to support it. Strawberries in the Northwest. — For the first year in the strawberry busi- ness of the Northwest it may be said that the strawberry crop has been handled under more orderly control than ever before. As a result splendid prices are being received. Orderly con- trol, intelligent distribution and elimi- nation of self-competition are the nec- essary factors in obtaining market values for any kind of fruit. The straw- berry situation has proved this in a very definite and positive sort of way, so that no one can question that other kinds of fruit will be equally benefited if marketed in the same orderly, intelli- gent way, and properly distributed. Cherries. — A number of new can- neries have been opened up in the Northwest during the last two or three years. In every district where there is a cannery Royal Ann cherries have brought good prices. A few years ago the grower considered himself lucky to get three or four cents a pound for cherries. Since the introduction of canneries markets for fresh cherries have not been glutted, the grower hav- ing the option of either shipping fresh or selling to the cannery, resulting in cherry growers being able usually to obtain about five cents per pound for Roval Anns. The strawberry reports being ren- dered daily by the Ollice of Markets, Department of Agriculture, are being found very valuable and very helpful to all shipping organizations. Each report rendered contains valuable in- formation to the shipper about the marketing conditions in each city; for ^350M Ford Will make you a ONE-TON TRUCK WRITE US ABOUT The Smith Form-A-Truck Attachment E. Second and E. Morrison Sts., PORTLAND, OREGON No Gumming Or Scoring — when you use Mica Axle Grease. The grease is always evenly spread and it lasts. Mica Axle Grease would still be good grease even if it contained no powdered mica. But the mica makes it even better. Gives extra lubrication — forms a smoother surface — makes the grease last twice as long. Get a can from your dealer today. Standard Oil Company (California) MICA AXLE GREASE Comparatively Speaking The checking account is as important a fac- tor in the systematic management of house- hold affairs as it is in the well-organized business. Paying by check is the advanta- geous, polite way. It reflects one's ability to do things. Indicate your estimation of all this by paying by check. It will be to your convenience, satisfaction and profit. This strong bank, oldest in the Northwest, respectfully invites your checking and sav- ings accounts. LADD& TILTON BANK ESTABLISHED 1859 Portland, Oregon 3 instance, from the sheet of June 17th, tlie report is as follows: "Minneapolis, cold, cloudy. Iowa five cars, Illinois one car arrived, seven cars held over, demand moderate, quality fair, soft, hest 24 quarts $2.50 to $3; IC quarts $1.06 to $1.75." In the same report is included similar statements from the following cities: Boston, Hulfalo, Chi- cago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columhus, Des Moines, Detroit, Indianapolis, Kan- sas City, Milwaukee, New York, Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, St. Louis, Sioux City, Washington. It would be well worth while for every grower when he visits his shipping association to ask to see one of these reports. By looking it over the grower will get an idea of the valuable service the govern- ment is rendering on strawberries this year, which is similar to the service they will render on peaches during the l)each-shipping season, and on apples during the apple-shipping season. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 BETTER FRUIT "Wenatchee" Fruit and Vegetable Picking Bags (Patented April 27, 1915) This bag is emptied by releasing a snap. The bag will hold about a bushel. When snapped at the frame it will hold about a half bushel. The frame is made of steel, the canvas is lOoz and every point is reenforced with leather where from experience it has been found necessary. Price $1.75 post paid to all parts of the United States where we have no agents. Wenatchee Hardware Company Sole Manufacturers Wenatchee, Wash. Arcadia Irrigated Orchards THE LARGEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD PROJECT IN THE ENTIRE WEST 7,000 acres planted to winter apples. Gravity irrigation. Located 22 miles north of Spokane, "Washington, directly on the railroad. We plant and give four years' care to every orchard tract sold. $125, first payment, secures 5 acres ; $250, first payment, secures 10 acres ; balance monthly. SEND FOR BOOKLET Arcadia Orchards Company Deer Park, Washington I RHODES DOUBLE CUT PBUNING SHEAB RHODES MFQ. CO., •■0 5. DIVISION AVB . QRAND RAPID5. HICM. •THE odI, prunec made mat cula from both sides oi the limb and does no< bniise the bark. Made ■■ all styles and sizes. W« pay Elxpreu charges on all orders. Write fof circular aad prices. Paint Large Pruning Cuts By J. B. Hundley, Yucaipa, California July ommends the painting of all large wounds. The main difl'erence among aiitlinritie.s is in the tliiie of application and the material used. There are some very good men who recommend paint- ing as soon as the cut is made. It is because many have followed this and have seen the etfects that we hear so much talk of the evils of painting, and see examples on every hand of trees with large unhealed cuts left unpro- tected. If the owners of these trees would visit some nearby old orchard and notice the number of limbs and trunks with the hearts rotting out, I believe more interest would be shown in protecting our orchards from such conditions. If a cut is painted at once after prun- ing the sap will be held on the surface and will sour, often running from the wound and killing the bark for inches down. Of course this is worse than if the wound had not been painted. How- ever, if the cut had been left exposed to the air for a few months the wood would have become hardened by ex- posure and could safely have been painted without danger of the above mentioned undesirable result. This later painting will prevent any dry rot fungi from entering the limb. It seems most desirable to paint all cuts larger than a quarter in May or June, as by this time the wood is hard and as yet has not started to decay. In painting pruned cuts it is not best to use a material that will become hard and chip ofl" with the growth of the tree; for this reason never use white lead or paint. They ai-e too temporary. Grafting wax is probably the best material to use. Roofing compcjimd, asphaltum or even paraOine may be used quite successfully. In painting do not apply the wax or other material too thickly. All that is necessary is a thin film to keep the air from the wood. If it is put on too thick very often in the heat of summer it will run, injuring the bark. The following is an excellent formula for grafting wax: Resin, (i pounds; beeswax, 1 pound; linseed oil, 1 pint. Melt together and apply at a tempera- ture of 180 degrees. IN nearly all of the old orchards we see many large trees which should be in their prime, but unfortunately nearly dead. If the pruning cuts of years ago had been properly cared for many of these trees would now be yielding large crops. A closer exami- nation will show the hearts of the large limbs and even the trunks decaying. This is caused by a rot fungi which enters through large cuts left unpro- tected from the weather. Kvery book on the culture of the apple, pear or other deciduous tree rec- My Magazine FREE For Six Months INVESTING FOR PROFIT Send nif Mnir iiiime ;itnl adtire^ T\f.)\\ NOW ami I will st-ri.i vi>n INVKSTINMl Kt'K PROFIT iiiat:azine absolutely free t..r .--ix iiLmiili.s It iflN Imu to rpI tin' uliin'Si e;iniuii,'-. from yi>iir imnify -lii>w lo tell "(n.il iiivestnifiils liou to pick llie most profllable of "niiiiH liivi-stniiTiis. It reveals liow capitalista make J 1. 000 grow to $22,000—111 fAci gives you the vital iii\r-.liiii: itifoniiation that slionld enal)Ie you to make your money grow proportionately. I have de- .-idfii tiiis month li> ^nv^' .'i'M' -^ix-mr)!!!!!.-; siilvscriptions to INVKSTIXi; FoH I'ltoKlT free. Every i-opy is WORTH AT LEAST $10.00 to every investor — perhaps a fortune, Semi yovir imme and address now, nientioti this paper and tiet a free uitrodm-torv sid>scnption. Comlition.s m;iy prevent re- I)ea1inK this offer. Better take il now. You'll he williiit- to pay liic a c-ojn after you have read it six months. H. L. Barber. Pub.. 533-30 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago HOMI ©ANNERS • PATENTED EL FLO ..utfits arc tho uHlCINAl, ■ tanlaiieoas stcralizors DifTir.nt from the wash hoihrs | e.nerallj sold f<.r raiinors ut hieh.T jiriccB We nro PAT- ANTEES of tho only SELF HEATING CAN SEALING HE- VICE on tho iimrkct With our eombinatioit. children nro successful and pile op baidi oi-r.-unts anty o( water toi lor your f)on)e Ond surrounding buildlr^gs. for i/ots'iog slock, sprink.Jing low ^l^ting prcs. etc. 50LlN&'i;,YERS STYLE ENG^SlTuLLDOZEP ^^o^,^fs%nsk^l^ ^M) j^^H^ey^ ofdliwiy muhoi)! F. E. ^^YERS €> BRO. '^° °"^""" ^^ ASHLAND, OHIO. cleaner sparkplugs Your spark plugs will keep cleaner if you use a straight-distilled, refinery gasoline. A mixed or imperfectly refined gasoline breaks up and deposits carbon instead of exploding com- i v^ pletely. N Un^A Red Crowfi^^ ihe Gasoline of Qualify ^a^^lzl is the all-refinery gasoline — not a mixture. DEALERS EVERYWHERE AND AT OUR SERVICE STATIONS STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Califoroia) Go East This Summer via The Scenic Highway Two Thru Trains Each Day To Chicago via Minneapolis and St. Paul One to St. Louis Low Round Trip Fares To Middle West and the Eastern States and Canada Daily Low Parit Fares To and thru Yellowstone Park June 15 to Sept. 15 Tft Palif ArnSa Have your ticket read via Portland and I O \#dlllUrnid G. N. P. S. S. Co. new, fast, palatial steamships ASKTYOUR LOCAL:aGENT. OR WRITE A. D. CHARLTON. A. G. P. A., PORTLAND, OREGON Nitrate for the Orchardist A few years ago some experiments were conducted by Professors Ballard and Volck at Watsonville, California, using nitrate on an orchard which had bloomed pretty regularly but failed to set fruit. The results were very grati- fying. Since tlicn nitrate has been tried by orchardists in various other dis- tricts by both applying the crystals to the ground and cultivating them in. Splendid yields have been obtained where checked trees set very little fruit, and also in addition to this the foliage has become healthy, vigorous and green. According to all experi- ments where nitrate has been used early in the spring, about Marsh 1st in the Northwest, a much improved set of fruit has occurred. It is believed by a great many that nitrate applied in July, late summer and early fall, during the time the fruit buds are forming, will be very helpful in making vigorous fruit buds for the following year. The idea is new but the suggestion is worthy of a good, fair trial by orchardists who are not getting satisfactory yields. The Fruit Industry Paragraphed The Dri-Fresh Evaporator Company of The Dalles, Oregon, turned out a fine product last year and expect to do a largely increased business during the year 1916. The apricot crop of California will probably amount to 2,50 cars. The shipment of Sacramento cherries began by express the third week in April. Colorado estimates the Western Slope fruit crop at 370,") cars. In 1914 the crop was 4107 cars. The peach crop in Georgia is esti- mated at about ,3500 cars. Maryland and Connecticut report about half a crop. The first car of California cherries arrived on the New York market May ,5th, being sold by Connolly Auction Company, One fruit dealer says the .\merican growers arc optimistic, almost fatalists. Anything like preparedness they think unnecessarv. The Canadian Pacific Railway for dining cars, hotels and steamship serv- ice purchased over $10,000,000 worth of fruit from the Western Provinces, The first straight car by express of California cherries, containing 2285 packages, was sold at Greenes Fruit and .Auction Company, Chicago, by Mr. Charles Irregang for •f5400. JfSOO.OOO worth of apples were de- stroyed in the Stale of Washington in 1915 by the codling moth, according to a report by Mr. T. O. .Morrison, in charge of tiie Department of Horticul- ture, Olynipia, WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 The Fruit Industry Paragraphed The White Snhiion Valley Fruit Growers' Union and the Underwood Fruit Growers' Union have merged under the title of the White Salmon Valley Fruit Growers' Association, with Paul McKercher as president and Ira E. Hyde as manager. BETTER FRUIT Page 1/ It is stated that the Newberg Co- operative Association has become the property of A. Rupert & Co. of Port- land. The association comprises a membership of some 350 growers. This district grows prunes and berries ex- tensively and other fruits in moderate proportion. Kennewick, Washington, sold the first crate of strawberries for sixteen dollars. It is too bad that every crate of strawberries could not be the first crate. The variety grown extensively in Kennewick is the Clark Seedling. The prices have been very good during the shipping season. Yakima Valley believes in uniformity of pack. The present interest indi- cates strongly that Yakima will put up a uniform, dependable pack this sea- son, surpassing any past season's efforts. The potato growers of Yakima Val- ley believe in organization and co-oper- ation and hope to have a strong asso- ciation. SUPERINTENDENT Soon open for engagement. Very large orchard or farm preferred. Years of ex- perience; practical and technical. Shap- ing up new or run-down propositions a specialty. Address G. F. W., care "Better Fruit." Wanted Position as foreman or superintendent on a fruit or general farm by young married man; agricultural college graduate; ex- perienced on both fruit and dairy farms. Strictly temperate; good references. Address R. W. M.. 2219 H. Street Bellingham, Washington FRUIT GROWERS Dehydrate Your By Products It f^ives you a hieh grade quick selling prfiduct at a minimum C03t. It makes acleaii and natural tasting product. Dehydrated fruits and vegetables have been approved by the U. S. Oovernment, while desiccated, dried and evaporated products have been rejected. There is but one Dehydrator manufactured in the West and it is the best Bv-Produet marhine ever de- vised, rt is adapted to the individual grower, as it can be constructed to meet any and all requirements. It is fully covered by U. S. patents. Therefore, you are protected in its use. The manufacturers of this Dehydrator have recently patented new and improved automatic labor-sav ng preparatory machinery which will further reduce the present low cost for the production of this product. For new descriptive booklet address LUTHER MANUFACTURING CO. San Francisco, California Italian Bees and Queens Write for circular to IRA C SMITH DUNDEE. OREGON ^WWlw^ lUNCLE SAM OPENS COLVILLE INDIAN IRESERYAnON WASHINGTON ^ Republic \X <^ 'Vf . A: THE COLVILLE INDIAN RESERVATION AND ITS REGISTRATION POINTS "Go Great Northem"-on Fare-and-a-third Lake Chelan Tickets-and Register at Wenatchee or Omak— July 5th to 22nd, inclusive 350,000 acres of desirable agricultural lands of the south half of the COLVILLE Indian Reservation — located in the Columbia River and Okanogan Valleys of North-Cen- tral Washington — will be subject to homestead entry. "Go Great Northern" and take advantage of very low Lake Chelan fares — approximately a fare-and-a-third for the round trip and good for stopover for registration at Wenatchee — on sale dailv from all Great Northfrn stations in British Columbia, Oregon, Washington and Idaho. If you like, at Ch;lan Station, you may rebuy to'che registration town of Omak and back, directly at the Reservation. Great Northern Round Trip Summer Tourist Fares East during the registration period permit stopover for registration at Wenatcliee or Spokane; also at Glacier National Park. Send Now for Colville Map Folder Fill out coupon bc-!o:r and mail today, for detaiUd information, map foldirs and booklets. F. W. GRAHAM M. J. COSTELLO C. \V. MELDRUM Western ImmiSration Agent Assistant Traffic Manager Asst. Gen'l Pass'r Agent SEATTLE SEATTLE SEATTLE «fH.'WH!fWIJHJi L I C. \V. Meldrum. .Assistant General Passenger .Agent ' I Great Northern Railway, Seattle, Wash. I I Send Colville Map Folder. ' I Name | I Address | It is believed by some that the pres- ent pint used in packing strawberries is reducing the tiiianlity of berries that are canned for domestic purposes, therefore some growers are advocat- ing returning to the tpiart boxes. Yakima reported on hand 1.50 cars of api)les on ,\pril 2Sth. The demanil for apides is prett>- liglil in May and .hme, tliese two montlis i)cing the lowest months for consum])tion of the year. Puyalhip Valley reports that many Evergreen blackberry and raspberry canes were damaged by frost. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Information from the Yakima Val- ley states that The California Fruit Distributors will enter the Yakima Valley, opening an oHice in charge of Mr. F. W. Means. It is stated that the business will be conducted under the name of the Producers' Fruit Company. Box Nailing Machines 1 No. 5 Morgan, $210 2 No. 8 Morgans, $260 and $275 each NORTHWEST LEAD & MACHINERY CO. 311 Front Street, Portland. Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page i8 BETTER FRUIT Julx PASTE PICK UP GUM, for use on Knapp labeling machines (very adhesive) CEMENT, for use on Burt labeling machines. LABELING GUM, for use on all bottle labeling machines. CELLULOID TIN LABELING PASTE, a RUST proof tin labeling paste. TRANSPARENT PASTE, for bottle or jar labeling. PALO ALTO PASTE POWDER— three pounds added to cold water makes two gallons fine white paste for all labeling work, or a RIBBON paste for labeling machines. Extensively used by canners and fruit packers. ■^ ■ ■ g\ ■ ■ I 1 Af I Manufacturers of Paste and Adhesives for All Purposes KODinSOn IrnemiCai WOrKS office: 351 Eighth street, San Francisco By-Products and Principal Products of Fruit Business Leon D. Batchelor, of University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, before Utah Farmers' Convention, January 28, 1916 BY-PRODUCTS are defined by the Dictionnry of Political Economy as "those materials which in the cultivation or manufacture of any given commodity remain over, and which possess or can be brought to possess a market value of their own." By common usage, however, the term "by-product" has come to be used in speaking of any of the manufactured fruit products, as jams, jellies, canned fruit, and even evaporated fruit. This is an erroneous use of the term in many For Greatest Satislaetion Use DOUBLE SERVICE Automobile Tires Guaranteed 7,000 Miles Serylce Absolutely Punctureproof DouiU Sert'tce Ttret are made double ttio thickness of Uie beat Btandard make tiros. This 1005& Kreator wearing snr- face naturally gives that much more mileage and Borvice. The averace of 13 miles of tonph fabric and one inch enrface tread rubber makes these tires absolutely puncturepronf. These tiros excel ali others for use in the country over rough and rupged roads as well as on hard pavements. Thoy areas easyrldlng and resilient as any other pneumatic tire— tho air space and pressure being the same. They are the most fconomical and "care free'* tires made and are used where tires must ho de- pended on and tire troublescannot bo tolerated. Many Double Si'rvice style tires are In use In the U. B. government and Kuropoan War service. Our output Is limited to a certain amount, but for a Bhorttlme we offer the folio .vlng reduced speol&l prices as an lutrodactory OileTi FBicc:s Ttrei TDbe3 Tires Tnbet I0t3 Id. is.eo (2.80 sex4 In. tn.46 (4.66 HOiSWln. 10.85 8.10 86i4* to 7% cents i)er Ijound in the San Francisco markets. while last summer about ,"> cents per reports from New a ten-year average the figures fell to ])ound. The latest York show that in , growers received Ridley,Houlding&Co. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1.— We Specialize in Apples 2— All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3.-The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING. LONDON EWBALTESAND COMPANY Printers ♦ Binders Unexcelled facilities for the production of Catalogues, Book- lets, Stationery, Posters and Advertising Matter. Write us for prices and specifications. Out-of-town orders executed promptly and accurately. We print BETTER FRUIT. CORNER FIRST AND OAK STREETS PORTLAND, OREGON for apples that went jointly to evapo- rators and vinegar plants ■'i'lll per Ion. New York is the greatest of all apple- producing districts and produces more dried apples for export than any other state, and if this section of the country is to compete with them in the foreign markets, probabilities are that we are not likel\- to receive a price in excess of %\i) i)er ton. It should be observed here that the grades of fruit accei)lal)le for cui'iiig do not correspond to the so- called culls of the Western States region, but approach more nearly "C" and l-"ancy grades. Taking apples as an example, such fruit as that which has been shipped in bags or loose to .Southern cotton states woidd be the lowest grades lil for curing. Partly l^g^g GRADERS Write for Information Western Fruit Grader & Mfg. Co. Grand Junction Colorado SECOND SEASON Send to Holland with Me For Hvncintfis. Tulips. Narcissus. Crocus. Ins. Paeonias and otlur DUTCH BULBS. Save 2S , to 50 Write for details and price list. N.B.— Order mailed August 1st. C.G.EHLE (BoxFl MULTNOMAH. OREGON \\ iii:.\* u Ki r im; IkriSLHS MINII"N IIETTER FBtlT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT July ■yOP DRESS all your Crops with Nitrate of Soda alone, no matter what other fertilizers you may have used. 100 pounds to the acre for seeded, and 200 pounds to the acre for cultivated crops will do the w^ork. The increase will yield large profits over the cost Write on post card for oar money making booka WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director 25 Madison Avenue. New York ":?^?T~ "^'.^S-r ^"^ AN ENGINE BOOK WITH A PUNCH Would >ou build a house wilh a lu «- foundation like ihis^ Would an iron kctllc g- ^ -. holdwafcrbcttcrif Ihc ^-Cj boKomwcrccutoffand V—-/ patchcdona^ain liKelhis?-^ No f Then X^^fet, ,<^^^^^ BUILT 6Y EXPERTS TUST take a postal or scrap of paper and ^ write the word "Why?" on it with your Dame and address and I will mail you this book. Lively as a joke book. Sensible as the diction- ary. Learn more about engines in 10 minutes than some men learn in a lifetime. The supply is limited so write quick.— ED. H. WITTE, WtTTE ENGINE WORKS* 1888 Oakland Avenue, Kansas City, Mo. „ 1888 Empire BIdg., - Pittsburgh, Pa. - •Tg ^to ^ ^ SEPARATORS. I^^^imr ^ SPREADERS.TRACTORS I)My 2bi)-pav,- troo c-a(;il"i? tt-lls you ■hy iatll direct to UM.T. at 1 ' ' • sale, these and other i tnenta, built in my own ones at Waterloo, at prices Uiird to one- half less than you i ally ray for first-class Roods. 1, Ktyles and prices of separators. r> sand spreaders My Farmobili 'rj has no equal for nimplicityan ' I' ncy. State what you need. .:&U.IJ00 customera testify to «_«r:;j„„„ yuality of the Galloway line of Sp'^oaders Koodfi. Write today for your free w64.75 up copy of this wonderful book of barKains for farm and houaehfild WM. GALLOWAY, Pres.. WM. GALLOWAY CO. 1007 Galloway Slatlon Walorloo, |V^=^-rr: Iowa. Ji^B/^ If and I CHUBBUCKS IDEAL GOPHER TRAP Larger than runway: jaws pull rodunt in; catches large or small gopher and holds it. Farmers say it's worth dozen other maki-s. Ble sales. Price 50c. If not atyourdealer'swillscnd t to you postpaid; 2 tor 9.^c ; 6 for $2.70; 12 for J^;.!©. Money t.^ck if you are not satisfied. Free circulars- E. J. CtnbbockCo.. Depl. C SanFrancisco, Cal. decayed, wormy and badly-bruised apples are unsatisfactory for the pur- pose, making only the low grades of evaporated stock known as waste and chops. These low grades are quoted at present in the Rochester, New York, market-s (Fruit and Produce Marketer, page 9, January 6, 1916) at from 2% to 3% cents per pound. With the cost of evaporation at about 2 cents per pound of evaporated fruit, and from 12 to 15 pounds of cured fruit per 100 pounds of green fruit, such low-grade apples would only net about 12 to 15 cents per hundred, if the growers owned their own evaporators. It is only the good-to-mcdium grades of fresh fruit which will bring the top prices as cured fruit. This class includes ineiiium-sizeil, poorly-colored, limb- rubbed, lop-sided and slightly-bruised fruit, but practically sound and edible when received at the factory or dryer. This is much the same type of fruit demanded for canning, and at about the same prices as quoted for canning purposes. Turning now to the lowest grade or cull fruit, there are several possibili- ties for its disposal; it may be made into vinegar, denatured alcohol, or used as stock feed. The prices usually realized for vinegar apples, of from $2 to $5 per ton, may not warrant their special harvest during the rush season of picking and packing the higher- graile fruit. The culls which come from the orchard to the packing house, however, mixed with better fruit, might be profitably utilized for vinegar pur- poses inasmuch as they have already been harvested and assembled at a central point. A portion of this fruit usually is even adapted to evaporation or canning, so the average value to the grower might approach ?5 to ^8 per ton, providing it could be handled through a non-profit co-operative fruit- growers' association. Even with low- grade fruit which reaches the packing houses taken care of, there are still many tons remaining on the ground in the average orchard which should be utilized as stock feed, and here lies the most practical disposition of most of the real waste fruit of the orchard, unless denatured alcohol enterprises are established to consume such fruit at prices paying something more than cost of handling. In considering the value of the sev- eral fruits compared to grain and hay as stock feed, the accompanying table, prepared by Professor Jaffa of the University of California, is interesting. ftRT LITHOGRAPHERS -'COLOR PRINTERS' HIGHEST GRADE GOLD EMBOS^EDi VARNISHED LABELS POSTERS SHOW CARDS i CflL£NDflR5 Main OfFicF tWoRKS Battery & Green Sts Sd/? '^mnc/sco. First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MCE - - President E.O. BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System ^o" "" $50.00 SI? ■£ARN Willi the Gearless Iniproved Standard Well Drilling IMachlne Drills tiin'UKli a"y forma. tion. Fi^e .y<^»rs abHRil of any othtr. Has record of drilling 130 feet and drivinKcaslnK in 9 houra. Another record wliere 711 feet was drilled on 2 1-2 gallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. Electrically equipped for running nights. Fishing job. Engine ignition. Catalogue W-8. REIERSON MACHINERy C0..Mfes.,1295-97HDOd St.,Portland.Ore. 100 POUNDS FRUIT EQUIVALENT TO POUNDS FOR ,, , , ., Wlicai Alfalfa licsh I mils straw Haj- Apples 34 20 Oranges 33 19 Pears 40 23 Plums .50 30 Prunes 46 27 Apricots 40 23 Nectarines 43 26 l-iRs .'iO 30 Griipcs .'iO 30 Walcrniclnns 22 13 Nuliticg melons.,.. 19 11 Dried Fniils Dried prunes IT.'i 101 Dried api'icots litl ll.'> Dried peaches 1110 ll;i Dried ngs 180 110 Raisins 210 12S Wheat Cotton Cocoa - Wheal .Mid- Rice seed niit It Hay Com Barley Oats WTieat Bran dlings Bran Meal Cake Meal 24 1.-) I.") 17 16 18 16 13 9 13 23 14 14 in 15 17 15 12 X 12 30 17 18 20 19 20 19 1.S 11 15 30 22 24 2.T 24 ?0 2 1 211 1 1 :'n 33 20 22 23 22 24 22 IS 13 18 29 17 18 20 19 20 19 15 11 15 30 19 20 22 21 23 21 17 12 17 37 23 24 2li 25 27 25 20 11 20 37 23 24 2fi 25 27 25 20 14 20 Ifi 10 10 11 11 12 11 8 (i 8 13 8 9 9 9 10 9 ' 5 J 12."i 78 82 88 84 92 81 07 48 08 138 80 90 97 93 102 93 74 53 76 13;') 85 88 9,'-> 91 100 91 72 51 71 132 83 8.T 93 89 97 89 71 50 72 1.-.3 97 100 108 103 HI 103 82 59 84 WHF.N witniNG .\nvi:RTisi:Rs mention bi-tter frutt ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 21 Engine "WHY?" Book One of the cleverest little books on engines that has ever been published, has just been printed by Mr. Ed. H. Witte, a Kansas City engine expert. He says that while the supply of books lasts, he will be glad to send anyone who is interested a copy of this book, which is called "Why?" Just write "Why" with your name and address on a postal or scrap of paper and address Mr. Witte, 188S Oakland Ave., Kansas City, Mo. (Adv.) TARRED ORCHARD YARN The time is now just right for tying fruit trees. Tie the interior of the tree before the leaves are out and the exterior can be tied later. Orchard Yarn is put up in 5 lb. balls, 10 balls to a sack. This form is more conven- ient for use as the ball can be placed in the tree and by pulling the yarn Irom the inside it never tangles. 2-ply contains about 100 feet per pound. Sold by all merchants handling orchard supplies MANUFACTURED BY The Portland Cordage Co. PORTLAND, OREGON A Winning Combination Bees and Fruit Latest methods of beekeeping simply told in our "Bee Primer." Highly instructive. Send 25 cents today for the book and six months trial subscription to American Bee Journal, Box X, Hamilton, 111. PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 6 & 7, 122 H Grand Ave., Portland. Oregon 'Wlaolesalers of Nursery Stock and Nursery Supplies A very complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Vines. Etc. SPECIALTIES Clean Coast Grown Seedlinps Oregon Champion Gooseberries and TJTrite Now Perfection Currants "Write Now^ W^anted to Hear from owner of good ranch for sale. State cash price and description. D. F. BUSH, Minneapolis Minnesota Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE, WASH. Ask for Catalogue No. 5 Of course these valuations must be accorded some latitude, as they are based on averages. Certain varieties of the sweet and ripe apples may con- tain more nutrition than the more acid or immature fruit, and similar varia- tions will be met with in considering the hays and grains. Likewise the comparisons are not based on exact equivalents of carbohydrates, proteins, etc., but the table nevertheless serves as a upseful guide in pointing out the value of certain fruits as good for farm animals. Their value may be fur- ther diminished or increased, depend- ing on the materials fed with the fruit. The following experiences cited from Henry's "Feeds and Feeding" (Elev- enth edition, page 19,5) throws addi- tional light on the value of apples as a stock feed: "Withycombe of the Oregon Station fed three slioats all the apples they would eat, 897 pounds of apples producing 38 pounds of gain in 14 days. During the second period of 1.5 days, 1,119 pounds of apples gave only 3 pounds of gain. In another trial lasting 79 days 3 sows showed a gain of 36 pounds, or 1 pound of in- crease for each 64 poimds of apples fed. Clark of the Utah Station found that: 'Apples fed to pigs in two ex- periments with skim milk and shorts had a value ranging from nothing to 18 cents per hundredweight. In one trial apples were only equal to grass pastiu'e.' From trials with dairy cows at the Vermont Station, Hills concludes that apples have about 40 per cent of the feeding value of corn .milage. Lindsey of the Massachusetts (Hatch) Station concluded that 4 pounds of apple pomace equals 1 pound of good hay for cows. From 15 to 30 pounds of pomace may be fed daily to cows with advantage." Many fruitgrowers are producing hogs in the orchard with little or no grain up to the fattening period. This is especially practical in the irrigated regions where a portion of the orchard can be kept in alfalfa sod. By rotation of the alfalfa portion of the orchard sufTicient hog feed can be produced to balance the fruit ration and not lower the production of the orchard. There is, in fact, a decided leaning toward cover crops and periods of sod rotation in many of the orchard sections of the West, regardless of the hog and by-product question. In closing, we should keep in mind that the peach and apricot drying and canning of California, or the prime- evaporation industry of both Oregon and California, are the preparation of fruit for market as a principal product and not as a by-product. Such indus- tries are making use of the best grades of fruit possible to grow and the Western fruitgi'ower should not neces- sarily consider the California peaches and apricots, or the New York .jams and jellies seen in the grocery store as by-products, in the ma.jority of cases, for the fruit was far from being cull fruit, but rather was very probably the ecpial of the best grades of fresh fruit giown in the country and produced especially for preserving. If the im- portation of manufactured fruit i)rod- * Always t\-Duty" SAFEiy Signals Union Pacific System > '^^J.P^'^- Ranks First Among the Nation's Travel Routes in Scenery, Service Equipment The three things that count most in making travel pleasant. Take advantage of the Low Fare Season and go east this summer via the cool, smooth, granite-clean Union Pacific Ask for 'TOUR" literature and the cost of a journey "back home." Union Pacific System is the popu- lar route to Yellowstone National Park Include a visit with your eastern trip. Through Sleeping Car Service direct to the Park. Call on any System Agent. or write the General Passenger Agent, Portland WHEN WRITI.N'G ADVERTISF.RS MENTION DETTKK FRUIT Pane 22 BETTER FRUIT July Cook m a cool Kl+cKen All the heat is concen- trated where it is needed — keeps you cool and makes for better cooking NEW PERFECTION OIL C(2tti.Sy OVE ■Why not cook with a modem oil stove this sum- mer and be comfortable? Bakes, broils, roasts, toasts. More efficient than your wood or coal stove, and costs less to operate. Better cooking because the long blue chimney s g ive stead- ier, more evenly distributed heat, under perfect control — like gas. No smoke or smell. In 1, 2, 3 and 4-bumer sizes, ovens separate. Also cabinet models with Fireless Cooking Ovens. Ask your dealer today. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (CaUfoinia) For Best Results Use Pearl Oil "BLUE RIBBON" (EXTRA F-ArsJCY) "RED RIBBON ^5 (RAIMCY) Quality Brands of Yakima Apples When ordering apples specify Blue Ribbon Brand and be assured of the best the market affords. All apples packed under our personal supervision and inspection. WRITE FOR INFORMATION AND PRICES Yakima County Horticultural Union FRED EBERLE, Manager NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON ucts is to be diminished by home pro- duction, equally as good grades nf pre- served fruits must be put up, and a constant supply of such. Much of the success of establishing a brand of canned or dried fruit depends on its continued appearance on the market. This cannot be kept up unless the fac- tory can be assured of suitable fruit far in advance of the preserving sea- son; this can hardly be accomplished if the growers are gambling on the fresh-fruit market with intentions of turning to the factory at the last minute if market conditions are unfavorable. The fruit-preserving industry, where it is carried on most successfully, is not a catch-al! for unsalable fruit, a place where culls are converted by some magic power into first-class products, it is not a means of saving bad fruit, but rather a means by which good fruit is prevented from becoming bad. These facts should in nowise discourage the fruitgrower of the Western States in the establishment of fruit-preservation factories. After a thorough trial of selling the fresh fruit, especially the stone fruits, to the general markets it may be proven that the sale ol' such fruit as a processed article would have been more profitable. If such condition should prevail it seems rea- sonable, however, from the experience of other regions that the chances of success of such factories may be greatly increased as the product of the in- dustry becomes more of a principal product and less of a by-product. The Fruit Industry Paragraphed Loganberry Juice Advancing. — On ac- count of the popular demand, which is increasing, for loganberry juice, the present stocks are scarce, therefore on .luly 1st the price will be increased 25 cents per case. At present 14-ounce cases sell at .$5.00, 16-ounce cases at $4.50 and one-quart cases at $4.00. The loganberry has made its way more rapidly into popularity in the last year through loganberry juice and logan- berry pies than any other fruit in the same length of time. The International Apple Shippers' Association will meet in Xew York City during the month of .August. Some mighty interesting information should be obtainable as a result of the deliber- ations, not only in reference to the quantity of apples to be handled this year, but as to the best methods to be used to sell them to the best advantage. The Walla Walla, Washington. Gar- deners' Association commenced early in May with a membership of 05 and headquarters in Walla Walla. Even the gardeners believe in association work and arc finding co-operation a necessity. * • • The Spokane Fruit Growers' Com- pany will undertake this year to take a tree census of the number and age of all trees and varieties in every orchard. Special blanks will be used for this purpose. WHEN WRITI.KG ADVIETISEBS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Would you plant your fruit trees in large tubs? "Without the use of dynamite in tree-planting," says U. S. Bulletin No. 38, " the roots soon meet with the smooth and compacted sides of the hole, through which they have great difficulty in pene- trating. The tree is in about the same situa- tion as if it had been planted in a large tub." But when you plant your trees in holes blasted with FARM POWDERS STUMPING — AGRICULTURAL the trees will grow faster, develop deeper, stronger roots, and bear earlier. "When dynamite is used," continues the bulletin, "cracks are formed in the soil to distances of five or sometimes six feet on all sides. This makes the very best conditions for the continued growth of the tree. For tree planting dynamite is recommended confidently as the best method of pre- paring the soil. In selecting explosives for your orchard work, be careful to get those that will crack, pulverize and loosen the soil for several feet in every direction, rather than pack it or throw it in the air. The proper explosives are the Giant Farm Powders. There are two of these — Eureka Stumping Powder and Giant Stumping Powder — both improved forms of dynamite. Fruit growers in all of the Western States use many tons of Giant Farm Powders every year. They have found that they do better work because they are made especially to suit zvestern farm conditions and because thev are always uniform in composition and action. Giant Farm Powders — the product of the oldest manufacturer of high explosives in the United States — are the only genuine "giant powders" for agricultural use. Because Giant Powders are best known everywhere, many have assumed that all high explo- sives are Giant Powders. Insist upon having the genuine, made only by the Giant Powder Co., Con. If your dealer has only ordi- nary dynamites, write us and we will see that you get the genuine. Book, "Better Orchard Tillage," FREE Practical, valuable information on improved methods of planting and cultivating fruit trees is contained in this illustrated book. Other books on stump blasting, subsoiling, ditching and boulder blasting are also free. Choose the books you want and mail the coupon. THE GIANT POWDER CO., Con. "Everything for Blasting " Home Office: San Francisco Distributors with magazine stocks everywhere in the West. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT MID-YEAR MODEL 73 New Ideas $1325 f. o. b. Racine 26 Extra Features 700 Improvements Made by John W. Bate, the Efficiency Engineer The Mid-Year Mitchell is the 17th model which John W. Bate has built. He has worked out in those models 700 improvements, and all are now found in this car. A Lifetime Car What he has aimed at is a lifetime car. His genius is efficiency as applied to machines. And he says that a car should last like a watch. Instead of heavy castings he believes in light steel made three times as strong. There are 440 parts in this New Mitchell which are either drop forged or steel stamped. He believes in Chrome-Vanadium steel, and he uses a wealth in this Mitchell. He believes in making each part as strong as need be, and then adding 50 per cent. He believes in utter simplicity — in a car almost trouble-proof. One result is this: One Bate-built Mitchell has run 218,734 miles. Six Mitchells have averaged 164,372 miles each. That is more than 30 years of ordinary service. He has certainly come closer to a lifetime car than anyone else ever did. 10,000 Savings In our factory Mr. Bate has made 10,000 sav- ings. He has reduced our costs 50 per cent in five years. He has done this by building a model plant — a plant which covers 45 acres. He has equip- ped it with thousands of time- saving machines. He has invested in this factory about $5,000,000. Ij)X«3.Z^ Rac For 5-Passenger Touring Car or 3-Passenger Roadster 7-Passenger Tourinc Body S3S Extra Hiuh-speed. economical Six. 48 horse- power; 127-inch wheelhase; complete equipment, includin:^ 26 extra ft'atures. No other plant in the world could build this New Mitchell at anywhere near our price. That is why, years ago, we brought John W. Bate here. And why we paid him his price to make this factory and car represent the last word in efficiency. 26 Costly Extras You will find in this Mitchell 26 costly extras — wanted things which other cars omit. Things like a power tire pump, reversible headlights, cane-handle control, cantilever springs, etc. There are 26 of those extras — each something you want. In other cars they would cost you an extra price. In the Mitchell they are free. All are paid for out of factory savings. 257 Cars in One The Mid-Year Mitchell is the latest model out. It was not completed until after the New York Shows. Our experts and designers there exam- ined 257 this-year models. And all the best new ideas from all of them are combined in this single car. It brings out 73 new touches in body, finish and equipment. It is the inost com- plete car on exhibit. Mitchell dealers everywhere are now showing this new model. It is the only car with all Mr. Bate's ideas. It is the greatest value ever given in a high-grade car. If you don't know your Mitchell dealer, ask us for his name. b. ine MITCHELL- LEWIS MOTOR CO. Racine, Wis., U. S. A. AUG 2 5- 1916 BETTER FRUIT "^'OLUME XI AUGUST, 191(i Number 2 ILLUSTRATED PACKING EDITION 3° i[:^itKm:}[t^UUMi^^Mi^^^^iUt'^^^ THE ELBERTA PEACH A delicious peach for eating. It is one of the best shipping varieties grown, a splen- did canner, and is grown commercially more than any other peach. It is one of the best peaches for all-around purposes. ;sa^'-^a^>$isaejy^s£ ^sg^Aggi^%^^i^^'^^i^g^ 26 Extra Features 73 New Conceptions MID-YEAR MODEL $1325 F. o. b. Racine The Expert's Car This Shows What Men Think of a Bate-Built Car Most of the Mitchell sales in cities are made to very able nien. Our Chicago dealer, in one week, sold Mitchells to five big bankers. Our New York dealer— in the home of the critical— has ordered 2000 of this Mid- Year model. Your nearest Mitchell dealer has a list of engi- neers—men of national fame— who selected the Mitchell. They chose this car, among 400 makes, because of its mechanical perfection. Due to John W. Bate The Mitchell's position among shrewd buyers is due to John W. Bate. This great efficiency engineer designed all our factory buildings. They now cover 45 acres. He equipped those buildings with 2092 up-to-date ma- chines. He trained our workmen. The result is a model motor car plant. He has reduced our factory costs 50 per cent. No other plant in America, we think, could build such a car at our cost. That is why such a car can be sold at our price. And why it includes 26 costly extras without any extra price. Extra-Strong Parts In the car itself Mr. Bate has worked out more than 700 improvements. He has spent 13 years on it. This is his 17th model. $1325 For 5 -Passenger Touring Car or 3- Passenger Roadster 7-Passenger Touring Body S35 Extra High-speed economical Six. 48 horsepower; 127-inch wheelbase: complete equip ment including 26 extra features. Hardly a casting remains in it. But 440 parts are either drop-forged or stamped from toughened steel. He allows big margins of safety. He uses much Chrome-Vanadium steel. Important parts are all made oversize. The result seems to be a lifetime car. Six Mitchells have averaged 164,372 miles each, or over 30 years of ordinary service. And they are running still. That is why men who get expert advice are buying this Mitchell now. They want a car which John W. Bate calls, "The best car 1 can build." Now 73 New Touches The Mid- Year Mitchell is our second 1916 model. It was completed after other new models came out. Our experts examined 257 of the latest models to get ideas for this. So this Mid- Year Mitchell combines all the best attractions brought out in this year's cars. In addition, it has 26 extra features— things other cars omit. Things like a power tire pump, canti- lever springs, an extra-cost carburetor, an easy control, a ball-bearing steering gear, etc. You will find here the most complete car shown. You will find beauty, luxury and comfort in extreme. You will find the car which you will want when you buy a car to keep. Go see it. If you don't know your Mitchell dealer, ask us for his name. F. o. b. Racine MITCHELL- LEWIS MOTOR CO. Racine. Wis., U. S. A. WHEN WKITIN'G ADVKRTISEBS MENTION BETTER FRVIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Pcge 3 SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Simons Fruit Co. Simons, Shuttleworth, Webling Co. 204 Franklin Street, New York Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON BUY AND TRY White River Flour MAKES Whiter, Lighter Bread W. H. DRYER W. W. BOLLAM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 A 234S PORTLAND, OREGON LEVY & SPIEGL WHOLlEiSALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON Richey & Gilbert Co. H. M. GILBERT. President and Manager. G-rowers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGT'ON Orchardist Supply House Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, OREGON STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located TRANSFER & LIVERY CO. Hood River, Oregon W. van Diem Lange FYanken Straat 45, 47, 49, 61, 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers o1 American Fruit* Eadest and Plrst-Class House in this Branch Cable Addr&ss: W. Vandlem ABC Code used; 6th EJditlon Our Specialties Are Apples, Pears, Naval Oranges ; Ask for Catalogue No. SC WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER PRUII Page 4 BETTER FRUIT August MADE Ity ^ IMIIITLANII . (IllEddX. ^, THESE TWO well known picking utensils need no introduction. If your fruit is worth picking, these two articles must interest you; for they pro- vide safety of your fruit, ease of filling and speed of emptying. A. Portland Picking Bag Price $1.50 each Per doz. $15.00 Barnett Picking Pail Price $1.50 each In the Northwestern Lid Press we offer you the maximum of speed in pressing and nailing up fruit boxes. The hand- ling of the lids, placing same on the box and lining them up ready for pressing is automatic. It is provided with a reser- voir holding 75 lids and a track on which the boxes come to the nailer. The time consumed in pressing is great- ly reduced and the finished product bettered. Price, with stripper and Track, $55.00 Hardie Orchard Ladder stock lengths 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 ft. Price per ft. 35c Northwestern Lid Press We here show two types of orchard ladders. Both are constructed of clear, well-seasoned spruce; thus possessing great strength while yet light in weight. They are both of well-chosen design; built to give you service and safety to the picker. Hardie Apex Ladder stock lengths 8, 10, 12 and 14 ft. Price per ft. 35c Our complete catalog of orchard and packing house supplies should be in your hands. A postcard request will bring it. The Hardie Manufacturing Company 49 North Front Street, PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED l\[AGAZIi\E PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE ERUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Packing Apples By E. H. Shepard, Editor "Better Fruit," Hood River, Oregon. BETTKR FRUIT several years ago published the first edition of any horticultuial paper devoted ex- clusively to packing apples, peaches, pears and cherries in boxes. Since then it has been the custom of "Better Fruit" to publish annually an edition devoted to packing. These editions have met with such splendid reception that it seemed wise to bring out a new edition on the subject each year, which has been done except in 1915. Since then so many recpiests have come in and the demand was so strong that it seems atlvisable to again devote space to this subject in this issue, in advance of the apple-packing season. Inas- much as there are so many expert and trained packers in every section where apples are packed in boxes; it does not seem necessary to go into details as we usually have done in the past, and therefore in this issue we are present- ing illustrations which show practically all of the conunercial packs that are generally used at the present time, with two or thiee exceptions, namely, the 100 and 125 apples to the box. The 100 pack is composed of four rows of apples in a layer, with five apples to the row and five layers deep, making 100 apples to the box. The 125 pack is packed in a similar way, with five rows of apples, five apples to the row and five layers in a box, making a total of 125 apples to the box. These are the only two packs which have been intro- duced in recent years and are the only ones comparatively new. Practically all apples are now packed diagonal pack. The Northwest has done away with the California Special, packing all of its apples in what is known as the Oregon Box or North- west Standard, which is 10 V2 by 11 M; by 18 inside measurement. With the illustrations in this number, it is com- ])aratively a simple matter for any man, even with a limited experience in pack- ing, to figure out how to put up each one of the different packs, as each illus- tration is an explanation in itself which is clearer than anything which could be written. With these illustra- tions and the assistance of a trained packer, any man with an ordinarily good eye should be able to be a fairly good packer in a reasonably short time. Many inexperienced men in one season have learned not only to put up a first- class pack, but have gained suliicient speed so as to be able to pack anywhere from 50 to 80 boxes a day of ten hours. The consumer, and the trade which is even more particular than the con- sumer, now demands a pack that is both standard and uniform. Uniformity re- fers more particularly to the size. Consequently packers should be very careful in putting up any of the packs to have all of the apples as near the same size as possible. Slight deviations in size are permissible where necessary at the end of the box, particularly on the top layer for the purpose of re- ducing the swell at the end so as to prevent bruising. Grading machines have become a big factor in developing more uniform packing. A number of good grading machines are now being made which will sort the apples almost perfectly as to size. Some machines are built on the measurement principle, while some grade on the weighing prin- ciple. The weighing principle is very reliable and the measuring principle is also very reliable, particularly where the measuring device is arranged so that all of the apples will be measured the same way. By that is meant, in order for the measuring machine to give exact results, it should measure all of the apples either from cheek to cheek or from stem to calyx. Some machines are built so as to measure both ways at the same time. Packing is purely mechanical, and as already stated in this article, there are sufficient packers in the Northwest who understand the business sufficiently well to train any additional number that may be required to handle this year's crop. From an experienced packer, a novice in three or four days' instruction can learn the principles of jiacking sufficiently well to put up a Famv Pack of Winter Nclis and Beurre Easier Pears. The sizes are as follows: Winter" Nelis, 180, 5-tier; three boxes of Heurrc Easier, sizes 08, 72 and 82, all 1-lier. first-class packed box if he will only be careful in doing it to take his time about it. A novice should bear this in mind and never forget it: "Haste makes waste." In other words, if the novice endeavors to pack fast, his pack will be poor. Packing apples is like learning to write. You learn to write slowly but correctly; you must do so if you ever expect to write a good hand. It is the same with packing; you must learn to pack correctly, no matter how slow you go at first, if you ever expect to put up a good pack. If you follow this advice and go slowly, speed will come of itself and in a few weeks you will not only be able to put up a first- class pack but do it rapidly. The other feature of packing which is of prime importance is grading. In many districts, the packer does his own grading. However, with the advent of the grading machines, experts on grad- ing are now employed to grade the apples into the Extra Fancy, Fancy and C grade, relieving the packer of this responsibility to a certain extent, but the packer should alwaj s bear in mind that it is his duty, if he wants to be square with himself and the man he is working for, not to pass any apple in the grade that does not belong there. Packing is pretty well understood; grading is not so well understood, and furthermore grading has never been as thoroughly and properly done in the past as it should be. Therefore it is to be hoped that this year will show marked improvement on grading apples. Improvement is absolutely necessary. Three or four inferior apples in a box spoil the grade and reduce the value of the box to the value of the next lower grade. Experienced men shoidd be used for grading. The grower is responsible for the grade. There is no job in the orchard which should have closer attention on the part of the grower than the job of grading, drading is a matter of judgment, but there are rules and regulations covering it. so that any nuui who wants to can learn to grade and grade properly. There is nothing connected with harvesting a box of apples more important than making the grade correct and true. In other words, standaiili/ation is demanded by the coMsimiing i)ublic, and if we expect to get the price for a box of Extra Fanc\ auples the grade nuist be absolutely Extra Fancy in every respect, without a single excei)tion. While discussing the subject of grad- ng it also seems proper to discuss )riell.\ the dilferent grack'S. Extra l'"anc>. generalh' speaking, is fairly (Continued on page 7.) Page 6 BETTER FRUIT August Illustrations for Apple Packs in the Standard Apple Box 10>^xll>^xl8 Inches, Inside Measurement First and Third Layers First and Third Layers Second and Fourth Layers Diagonal 2/2 pack, 4 layers, 88 apples Second and Fourth Layers Showing diagonal 2/2 pack, 4 layers, 96 apples Second and Fourth Layers 3 2 pack, 4'!! tier, 5 layers, 188 apples If layers are reversed there will be 187 apples qRw OHO Figure 1 — 41 Apples Northwest Standard Box Figure 7 — 64 Apples Northwest Standard Box Figure 8 — 72 Apples Northwest Standard Box Figure 10 — 80 Apples Northwest Standard Box OAD Figure 12—88 Apples Northwest Standard Box p Figure 13 — 96 Apples Northwest Standard Box Figure 16 — ICl Api I. - Northwest StaniJud l")) W'here crop is ijastured labor is saved in cut- ting, curing and handling. (C) ^^^lere good animals and goo feed for thirt> -two days. During this time they made an individual average gain of 18.5 pounds, or .57 pounds per day. In the succeeding thirty days they were fed rolled barley at the rate of one-half pound per hog daily. During this period the average gain was .44 pounds per hog. Owing to the fact that the animals made smaller gains during this period than the former period the rela- tion of greater succulency during the early season's growth to quick and economical gains is obvious. This is important. In the fifty-eight succeed- ing days the animals ran on clover and pastured off the peas in the adjoining field. During this period they made an individual gain of .77 pounds per day. Thus the total gain per animal over a period of 127 days was 77.2 pounds, or .64 pounds per day. It is also worthy of note that 20 head of very small pigs also pastured witli them during the entire time on clover. The exact amount of feed consumed, therefore, was not determined. However, the gain of .04 pounds daily per hog was very good considering the amount of grain fed, and indicates that there is profit in hogs in a normal season. Wanted to Hear from owmer of good ranch for sale. State cash price and description. D. F. BUSH, Minneapolis Minnesota Box Nailing Machines 1 No. 5 Morgan, $210 1 No. 8 Morgan, $275 NORTHWEST LEAD & MACHINERY CO. 311 Front Street, Portland, Oregon Elderly Men. Your Opportunity. Many elderly as well ;is young men are mak- ing good money selling our hardy, guaranteed ornamentals, roses, fruit trees, berries, vines, etc. The prestige of the Washington Nursery Co.— thirteen years in business— handling twelve to fifteen thousand orders annually — insures a bearing wherever you go. Our field reaches from Montana to Southern California and from New Mexico to Northern British Columbia. Cash Weekly. Outfit free, experience unnec- essary. We train you free in salesmanship, landscaping, etc. Best selling season for years. Good business in your own locality. Work all or paiT time. WRITE TODAY. If not interested perhaps you know some energetic, intelligent man now unemployed. Washington Nursery Company Toppenish, Washington Largest between the Rockies and Cascades. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT igi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 15 Pacific University, Forest Grove, Ore. A "STANDARD" COLLEGE FOREST GROVE, OREGON Twenty-five miles west of Portland. Beautiful Campus. Fine Modern Buildings. Reached by 36 trains daily. Equipment and Endowment worth $500,000. Highly Trained Teachers. Noted Conservatory of Music. Growing Student Body. Strong Student Organizations with "College Spirit." Christian Influences. Special help for self-supporting students. Write for Free Illustrated Bulletins to PRES. C. J. BUSHNELL FOREST GROVE, OREGON It is to be emphasized that if quick and economical gains are to be made pastures must be succulent. This means getting the animals on the pasture early while this condition still obtains. This condition may be main- tained for a long period if sutticient moisture is available and the field or pasture is given alternate periods of rest. This may be conveniently ar- ranged by having two or three in- closures. These fields are then used alternately, the hogs remaining in each about a week or ten days. In the case of clover or alfalfa the growth is Uniting Learning and Labor THE OREGON AGRISULTURAL COLLEGE In its Six Schools and Forty-eight De- partments is engaged in the great work of uniting Learning and Labor, Forty-eighth School Year Opens SEPTEMBER 18, 1916. Degree Courses requiring a four-year high schonl preparation, are offered in the following; AGRICULTURE, 16 Departments; Cf).M.\lRRCE, 4 Departments; ENGIN- EKRING, t) Departments; MINES, 3 Departments; FORESTRY, 2 Depart- ments; HOME ECONOMICS, 4 Depart- ments; and PHARMACY. Vocational Courses requiring an Eighth Graiie preparanon for entrance are offered in Agrirulture. Dairying, Commerce, Forestry, Home Makers, an 1 Mechanic Arts. Pharmacy with a tw >- year high school entrance requirement. SCHOOL OF MUSIC— Piano, String, Band and Voice Culture. Cntalogue and beautiful illustrated booklet free. Address The Registrar, I W-7-1B-16 to '.1-7-16) CORVALLIS, OREGON allowed to bccoine three or four inches high before the hogs are turned in to eat quickly. When the pasture con- sists of such crops as rape, kale and velch, which will not stand such close grazing, the growth is permitted to reach a height of 8 to 10 inches before the animals are turned in. Changing the hogs from field to field gives the pasture a period of rest, during which llie plants recuperate and grow rapidly. When the stock is returned to the field the forage is clean, tender, palatable and large quantities are consumed. (Iwing to the rapid growth made while at rest, a pasture that is subdivided and the areas grazed alternately is capable of carrying a much larger number of hogs per acre, other conditions being efjual, than one that is continuously pastured. Hogs are inclined to root when the surface of the ground is wet or damp. For this reason the pasture, if under irrigation, is irrigated just after the hogs are changed from one pasture to another. This gives the sur- face of the ground time to dry before Ihe forage is large enough to he grazed. When conditions permit a grain crojj may be desirable. This is especially true where there is a superabundance of moisture and the trees are making too much growth. Such a pasture is very desirable when the hogs are ncar- ing the limit of growing i)eri()(l and the fattening period is hcgim. Such croiis as wheat (soft clul) tyi)e), field peas and barley are splendid. These recom- mendations with reference to grain iiuist he accepted cautiously, as condi- tions usually arc not adapled in the orchard for crops of this kind. With legumes, however, the limitations are niiich less. An ob.jcction to the use of lliese animals usually is that they dam- age the trees and root up the ground. One method of avoiding this has already been sug,gcstcd. Again, in such cases this is due to having a poor grade (if animals, consequently poor feeders are having a poor crop on which to feed. In either case, and especially where condiined chances for success are small, a high-grade animal must be used and succulent feed provided if results are to be secured. After the fruit crop is beginning to mature it is advisable to remove the animals to another field, as it is at such times their tree-climbing and acrobatic tendencies receive the greatest stinudus. This is especially so with low-headed varieties such as Jonathan. In closing llie writer wishes to re- mind that observations in the valley are still in the preliminary state, and that tests will have to made over a wide field and under varying conditions be- fore even general reconnnendations may be made. Miss Catlin's Resident and Day School for Girls To occupy its new building this fall. Ample ground for athletic uses and a special provision for boarding students are attractive features of the new devel- opment. Girls prepared for Eastern as well as Western colleges and schools under a faculty of experienced Eastern teachers. Courses in Art, Music and Dramatic Art offered. All departments from the Montessori for little children through college pre- paratory and special courses for older girls provided. Numbers in the classes are kept small to allow careful supervision of each stu- dent's work. Catalof^tw sctit upon rctjttrst to 161 Twenty-Third Street, PORTLAND, OREGON FRANQUETTES AND MAYETTES GRAFTED Splendid stock of the above. Large trees, best and purest strain. Prices on application. TABLE GROVE NURSERIES, Healdsburg, Cat. "Francis Typo" Fruit Grading Machines and Picking Bags Write for Information Western Fruit Grader and Mfg. Company Grand Junction, Colorado WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHFN WRITlNr. AD\ERTISERS MKNTION BETTER FRUIT Page 1 6 BETTER FRUIT AiiPiist BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER. OREGON Official Organ of Tlie Northwest Fruit Growers* Association A Monthly lUiistrated Magazine Published in tlie Interest of Modem Fruit Growing and Mariteliiig All Communications Should Be Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEI'ABD. Editor and Publisher STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. r. Lewis, Horticulturist Corvallis WASHINGTON Dr. A. L. Melander. Entomologist Pullman O. M. Morris, Horticulturist Pullman W. S. Thomber. Horticulturist Pullman • COLORADO C. P, Gillette, Director and Entomologist Fort Collins E, B. House. Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, Slate Agricultural College Fort Collins E. P. Taylor, Horticulturist Grand Junction UTAH Dr. E. D. Ball. Director and Entomologist Logan MONTANA O. B. Whipple, Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA O. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley W. H. Volck, Entomologist Watsonville Leon D. Batchelor. Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H, S. Jackson, Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winslow, Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE; In the United States. $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign, including postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27. 1906. at the PostolHce at Hnod River. Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3. IS79. The Fruit Marketing Agency. — Capt. Pfiul Wcyrauch leport.s that 75 per cent of the tonnage of the Northwest has joiiieil the Agency, which assures a suc- cessful organization. Tlie Bureau of Markets, connected with Hie Depart- ment of Agriculture, has worked very strenuously and is to be congratulated on having given the Agency a success- ful start. It is reported that the gov- ernment has spent $10,000 in assisting to create this Agency. The cost to the growers, according to the budget, will be -*8.^00 for the first year, or not to exceed a maximum of $1.00 per car. It is to be regretted, but nevertheless it is a fact, that growers have not been .suflicienlly informed in reference to the purpose of the Agency. No one is to blame for this. However, it is a fact that the local newspapers in the various fruit sections, as well as the big dailies, have not given sullicient ])ublicity to the movement. It is impossible for the few government oliicials, in the limited time, to meet all of the growers and explain fully to them, although meet- ings were arranged for such purpose in various sections, but man\- of these notices did not have sufficient publicity and therefore the attendance was not such as it should be. The Uniform Contract and the Ry-I>aws have been extensively published; these have been published in "Better Fruit," as well as in a number of other publications, .lust a few words about the Fruit Grow- ers' Agency seem in order now that the growers may understand briefly its purpose. The Agency is created for the purijose of assisting the fruitgrow- ers in the Northwest. One of the pur- poses will be to obtain and furnish the selling organizations with valuable estimates about the crops in all of the districts, to enable the selling organi- zations to better determine values. The Agency will receive and disseminate information to its inembei's from the Bureau of Markets, as to marketing conditions in all of the principal cities. This report will state the number of cars arriving daily, the number of cars on storage, and also state prices at which fruit is selling at the time of the report. The Agency will use its tonnage and influence to improve trans- portation facilities wherever possible. The Agency will aim to disseminate in- foi-mation that will prevent selling con- cerns from piling fruit into alreatly glutted markets and also endeavor to give information in reference to mar- kets not ijroperly supplied, the oppor- tunities for supplying Ihem and the possible prices that may be obtained. In other words, the .\gency will assist in giving information which will create a more intelligent and general distri- bution and belter prices. All of Ibis information will be of great value to the trustees and salesmen of the differ- ent organizations aliiliated with the Ex- change in determining actual sales values of dilTerent varieties of fruits and apples, which in itself ought to be a big factor in preventing unnecessary cutting of prices and unnecessary com- petition which has existed in the past. This partially covers the field of activi- ties for the Fruit Growers' Agency for the coming season. Growers must not be unreasonable in their expectations and should bear in mind that in the first year the Agency can only reason- ably be expected to make a fair start. One thing which many growers fail to understand is this fact. The Fruit Growers' Agency will not sell a box of apples for any selling concern or any indivitlual grower. They will make no prices and in no way endeavor to arbi- trarily fix the price of any kind of fruit or any variety. It is up to each selling organization to do this for itself .just the same now as it has been in the past, but the Fruit Growers' Agency will be a big factor in helping them to do it more intelligently in the future. will continue for many years. There- fore at the present time the situation is such that there is good reason to believe that ajiples will sell for a fair price this year and pay the grower a satisfactory profit on his investment and for his work. 1916 .4pple Prices. — The June esti- mate of the government indicates 6 per cent less apples than the actual amount grown in 191.5. It is to be borne in mind that many things may happen, and they usually do, between now and harvesting season to reduce the quan- tity estimated as early as June. It must be admitted, however, that occasionally the final harvesting is greater than the early estimates. So far, there is not n single aople-producing district in the I'nited States that is reported heav>. Many are reported light. In 1914 the United States iiroduced a bumper crop of 84,000,000 barrels. In 1915 Ihe actual crop grown was estimated by the gov- ernment at 70,000,000 barrels, or onh 10 per cent less than in 1914, making two bumper crops in succession, which lessens the ijossibility of a third bumper crop in 1910. It seems reasonable at the present time to assume that the crop of the I'nited Slates will be a mod- erate-sizeil crop, neither a heavy croi) or a light crop. Business conditions have improved in many sections of the United Slates and there is every assurance to assume that the I'nited States is on the eve of prospeiity which Hogs and Sheep in the Orchard. — Fruit districts where diversity farming has been more or less of a factor in connection with orcharding are a slanding testimonial to the value of diversity in connection with the or- chard business. It is a fact that where any district is engaged in or has gone into diversity in connection with orchard business, the district and the business condilion of that district in a financial way is much better than in the fruit districts which have depended entirely upon fruit. There is nothing like a reasonable amount of diversity to help a fruitgrower out in the years when prices are low or in the years when the crop is light. Hogs and sheep W^^TEFt. ■_£%/£■- PORTLAN NORTH BANK ROAD EASTWARD By way of Spokane, the Inland Empire and the Yellowstone or Glacier National Park Routes Round Trips by Direct Lines St. Paul $ 60.00 Chicago 72.50 New York 110.70 Des Moines 66.85 St. Louis 71.20 Denver 55.00 Proportionate fares to other places. Slightly higher going or returning through California. The ships of de luxe service. "North- ern Pacific" and "Great Northern" for San Francisco ever>- Tuesday, Thurs- day, Saturday. Fares include meals and berths and extras without extra fare. Are You Going Away this Summer? CLATSOP BEACH IS THE PL.'KCE. Send for booklet. R. H. CR02IER. Ass't Gen. Pass. Agent Ticket Office. 5tli and Stark Sts. Portland. Oregon igi6 BETTER FRUIT Page ij have proved vct\- profitable. Conse- quently it seems advisable to suggest to the fruitgrower who is dependent upon fruit alone that an article in this issue on the subject of "Hogs and Sheep in the Orchard" is well worth liis attention. The Apple Crop of 1916.— At the present lime reports from all sections indicate that this year's crop will be the cleanest crop of apples produced for many years. Fungus is absolutely under control in the sections where it hcs been prevalent in the past. Grow- ers have sprayed carefully and thor- oughly for codling moth, and up to the present time no damage is reported. The gi'eatest damage usually occurs in the month of August and September, but it is safe U) say in advance that the work will be so carefully and thor- oughly done this year that the loss from codling moth will be reduced to the minimum in almost all of the dis- tricts of the Northw'est. Tnoculation for Cover Crops.- — A num- ber of growers who have sown clover and alfalfa in orchards and soils, par- ticularly where clover and alfalfa had not been previously grown, have found that by inoculating the seed they can produce a splendid stand where other- wise failure would generally occur. Inoculation has been worked out scien- tifically by the Experiment Stations and bacteria are being prepared by a number of manufacturers in a commer- cial way for general use. Inoculation is a matter which every grower should investigate who expects to sow cover crops this fall or next spring. International Apple Shippers' Associ- ation will hold their annual convention in New York City August 15, Ifi, 17 and 18, at the Astor Hotel. This convention is most important to apple growers of any convention that is held anywhere in the I'nited States by any organiza- tion. It is an opportunity that no apple grower or, particularly, any api)le sales- man, should miss, if it is possible for him to attend. Thinning Apples. — While the crop of apples is not heavy this year, it must be borne in mind that a perfect crop in size as well as cleanliness is a big factor in price. While the trees are not loaded, nevertheless it is a fact that intelligent thinning will be necessary this season. If it has not yet been done it should be done promptly. My Magazine FREE For Six Months INVESTING FOR PROFIT Send me your name and address right NOW and I will send you IX\T:STJNG FOR PROFIT magazine absolutely free for six months. It tells how to get the utmost earnings from your money— how to tell good investments— how to pick the most profitable of sound Investments. It reveals how capitalists make $1,000 grow to $22.000— In fact dves you the vital invest in^r iiifonnatioii that shonld enable you to make your money grow proportionately. I have de- cided tills month to civc .'^lOn six-mnritlis subscriptions to INVESTING FOR I'ROFIT free. Every copy is WORTH AT LEAST $10.00 to every Investoi^-pcrliaps a fortune. Send your name and address now. mention this paper and get a free Introductory subscription. Conditions may prevent re- peating this offer. Better take it now. You'll be willing to pay 10c a copy after you have read it six months. H. L. Barber. Pub.. 533-30 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago rrr $350:00 BUYS THIS Truck ^r^oT' Ford making a one -ton ^^ Truck Like This You can easily equip it with a body Like This You can equip with any style bed to suit your needs Car Load Just In— Order Today East First and East Morrison Sts. Portland, Oregon J. & H. GOODWIN, Ltd. Apple Importers Commercial Sales Room, Deansgate, Manchester, England Floral Street, Covent Garden Market, London, England Fruit Exchange, Victoria Street, Liverpool, England Humber Dock Street, Hull, England AMERICAN ADDRESSES: 97 Warren Street, New York, N. Y. 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts Consignments and Correspondence Solicited PORTLAND, ORCGON Portland Hotel The hotel which made Portland, Oregon, famous Most Desirably Located. In the Center of Shopping and Theatre District Covers a City Block. Broadway, Sixth, Morrison and Yamhill Streets European Plan — $1.00 per day and upward Write for Portland Hotel Booklet. GEO. C. OBER, Manager WHE.V WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION' BETTER FRfIT Page iS BETTER FRUIT August DMRYNEN ! ! MAKE RESERVATIONS NOW For This Seasoiv^ Supply of Pried Beet Pulp The beet sugar factories will soon begin the slicing of this sea- son's beet crop— and that means a new supply of Larrowe's Dried Beet Pulp. While we will have a somewhat larger supply than last year, yet the demand is also larger — in fact, has increased enormously. Foresighted dealers in nearly every dis- trict have already placed orders for ship- ment—but if you vyish to make sure of getting what you require it will be well to see your dealer at once and give him an order for early delivery or state the amount you think you will need during the next few months. Everything seems to favor the man who is prepared, we say — "see your dealer now. " URROWE'S DRIED BEET I PUtP — is a succulent, milk-producing, vegetable feed that gives certain and profitable results. Combine it with alfalfa and it makes a won- der ration. It increases the milk flow from 1 to 5 lbs. per day from each cow, and in addition keeps your cattle healthy, sleek-coated and bright-eyed. Larrowe's Dried Beet Pulp is light, bulky, succulent and easily digested; absorbs water very quickly and swells to about six times' its original bulk ; is cheaper than bran and other mill feeds, yet pro- duces better results. It is put up in convenient 100-lb. sacks, and may be had either plain or with molasses. Ask for "Larrowe's." Feeding Booklet Free— Write for iti "profitable Feeding" contains valuable information that should be In the hands of every feeder. Sent free on request. THE LARROWE MILLING CO. 944 Central Building LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA Thinning Apples By F. G. Carlisle, Kettle Falls, Washingion WE have heard a great deal said about spraying, pruning, culti- vating and fertilizing, but very little about tliinning, which I consider the most important phase of orchard work. If we fail to thin and to do it intelligently, we cannot hope to make a success of growing fancy apples, all of the operation mentioned are so dependent on each other, that if we neglect either of them, we fall down on the whole proposition. If we hope to grow a high peicentage of extra fancy fruit, it is absolutely necessary that we thin the fruit and Ihin it intelligently. One reason why we should thin our fruit is that in the Northwest, under normal conditions, the trees will usu- ally set more fruit than they have strength to grow to proper maturity, and if we do not thin the fruit will be small and inferior. It is not an easy matter to say oH'- hand Just how to thin, as each tree may retpiire dilTerenl treatment, or I may say each branch of the tree. However, I would say Ihin to the center apple of llu' cluslcr. cutting ofi' all the apples on the side of the cluster, unless we find that the center apple has been injured by frost or in some other way. In that case we should select one of the apples of the side of the cluster, cutting oil' all the others. The reason for Ihinning to the center apple is that it is the first one of the cluster to blossom, and has several days' start of the others and will make the largest apple of the clus- ter. The large apples are the ones that usually mature first and command the top price, and that is what we are all looking for. I would endeavor to have all the apples of red varieties on the upper side of the limb. Probably nine-tenths of the apples point upward at blossom- ing time, or while the apple is small, one cheek of the apple is toward the south and it will start to color while it is small; as the apple grows its own weight pulls it down so that the other cheek will be exposed to the sunlight. This insures high coloring and a large percentage of Extra Fancy apples. In no case leave an apple on the under side of the limb of red varieties. As I have said before, it is difficult to lay down hard and fixed rules for thinning apples. We must use good common sense and thin according to the strength of the limb. With Jona- than and Wincsap, in no case would I leave the apples closer than 8 to 10 inches apart. I would not leave an apple on new wood, that is, wood that grew last year. The blossoms on new U. S. Gov. ex- perts report that oils cor- rectly refined from asphalt- base crude "dis- till without decomposi- tion" (do not break up and lose their lubricating value under cylinder heat) and "are much better adapted to motor cylinders, as far as their carbon-forming procliv- ities are concerned, than are paraffine-base Pennsylvania oils." Motorists who use Zerolene, an oil scientifically refined from asphalt-base crude, back up the experts with reports such as these : "Covered over 16,000 miles without adjusting valves or cleaning out car- bon."— "The carbon taken out of this car in 50,000 miles amounted to less than an ounce." Zerolene is for sale at dealers every- ^v'here and at service stations and age ncies of the Standard OilCompany ZEROLENE ^ Shndard OiHorMakr (ati$ WHKN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page ip wood appear eight or ten days later than on the old wood, thus giving the fruit on the old wood an advantage from the start. It is on the last year's wood that you get the small, poorly colored and imniatured apples. Never leave two apples so they will touch. The point of contact will prevent color- ing and ofl"ers a harboring place for insects. The trees should be gone over again in the middle of the summer, and all misshapen, limb-rubbed and marked apples should be taken off and allow the strength to go into the remaining apples on the tree. These apples are "C" grade at that time and will never be any higher grade. We will get more "C" grade apples than we should have anyhow. The Jonathan, Wagener and Winesap should be thinned as soon after the fruit sets as iiossible. The earlier that we can thin them the larger the fruit will be. 1 have done this for several years and never have had the June drop, unless they had been injured by late frost. However, with the Spitz and Rome Beauty I find this a useless expense, for I find that with me they will have the June drop anyway. I tind that very few of us have sullicient nerve to thin enough. I will never forget the advise of the venerable C. L. Smith, given at the first farm institute that I attended in this state, in which he said: "Thin until you think that you have enough off, then go over the trees again and take ofl' one-half of the remainder." I have found this to be splendid advice, espe- cially on older trees. Of course the older trees will require more severe thinning than young trees. If we thin early and thin severely we will grow larger fruit, and it will also have a tendency to make the trees bear a fair crop of fruit each year. I would also advise thinning as an aid to spraying in this district where the apple scab is one of the problems that we have to contend with. It is utterly impossible to coat the fruit with the spray if two apples touch each other. I hear a great many men complain of the expense of thinning. I would like to say that it does not cost as much to thin the excess off and let it drop to the ground in the spring as it would to pick it off in the fall and place it in a picking bag and then go to the expense of sorting them out. From the best authority that we have, the production of apples in the North- west is sure to increase very rapidly, and if we hope to reap the full measure of success we nnist grow a high per- centage of Extra Fancy fruit. The low- grade fruit will not stand the freight and will injure the sale of the better grades. We are tqo far from the large centers of consumjition to hope to mar- ket anything but the very best grades Wanted Position as foreman or superintendent on a fruit or general farm by voung married man; agricultural college graduate; ex- perienced on both fruit and dairy farms. Strictly temperate; good references. Address R. W. M.. 2219 H. Street Bellingham, Washington Sebastopol Gravensteins The crop of famous Sebastopol Gravenstein Apples is now moving. Season closes August 26th. The best apples from over 200 of our best orchards. Community packing houses insure uniform pack. See our representative or wire us. Sebastopol Apple Growers' Union SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA S'^^v^-^i^^^l'^^^ r^^- Yellowstone— The National Paradise for Animal Life and Animal Lovers FRANKLIN K. LANE Secretary of the Interior closes a delightful booklet on Yellowstone Park thus: "Yellowstone National Park is ideal for camping out. When people realize this it should quickly become the most lived in of all our national parks. Remember that the Yellowstone is yours." This booklet has been reprinted for distribution by the Union Pacific System POPULAR ROUTE TO YELLOWSTONE and may be obtained upon application to any representative, or by writing the GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT PORTLAND Let us help you plan a tour of the park, either direct or in connection with thi.s season's Eastbound Low FareTours \^^ 7/ -^VkU. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRXHT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT August piltLiJ:'iJtBsaKa!i!^E^tLHiUi!L!t'!U{S^SSSiUtiiB!i i!Ji'iy} SgSSSS SSiiJJiiytiytiL!j.!5lSSiyiityt ! i=^!yj'SS !! Comparatively Speaking The checking account is as important a fac- tor in the systematic management of house- hold affairs as it is in the well-organized business. Paying by check is the advanta- geous, polite way. It reflects one's ability to do things. Indicate your estimation of all this by paying by check. It will be to your convenience, satisfaction and profit. This strong bank, oldest in the Northwest, respectfully invites your checking and sav- ings accounts. LADD& TILTON BANK ESTABLISHED 1859 Portland, Oregon g^?rr;?frt g^i!jfWtf>iy sjriiyiT>r;T??T!?rH?rif?fiiya ff^ifS!rrii7^yBfra?^rfSff°?iif?i?rs?fiiifsg^jf5?rsi^^ NEWPORT Reduced Fares for Summer Trips When summer comes and a vacation outing is planned, remember Newport is cool. The breeze from off the mighty Pacific never fails. With the many diversions and attractions to pass the hours away, surely you could find no better place for your vacation. XliA Onct le I Auf Round Trip Tickets are on sale I ne \/Ubl lb LUW daily from all Southern Pacific stations in Western Oregon. The return limit isOctober 31. Two Daily Trains from Albany and Corvallis make excellent connections Write for illustrated booklet "Newport" or ask local agent for complete information. John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon SOUTHERN PACIFIC EWBALTESAND COMPANY Printers ♦ Binders Unexcelled facilities for the production of Catalogues, Book- lets, Stationery, Posters and Advertising Matter. Write us for prices and specifications. Out-of-town orders executed promptly and accurately. We print BETTER FRUIT. CORNER FIRST AND OAK STREETS PORTLAND, OREGON of fruit, and the sooner we realize this and stop growing inferior fruit the more profitable it will be to all. In order to compete with other sections growing the same varieties of fruit as are grown in this district, we must use every available means to get tlie size and color earlier in the season than we have been doing, and this can only be done by thinning early and severely and b\' summer pruning. Fruit-Market Agency Will Improve Service "The new fruit-marketing agency de- veloped by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture will give the North- west fruitgrowers such a service for marketing their products as they have never had before," said Professor C. I. F.ewis upon his return from a confer^ encc with Captain Paul Weyrauch, president of the Fruit Growers" Agency, Inc., C. T. More of the OHlce of Markets and Rural Organization of the I'niled .Stales Department of Agriculture, and (i. A. Nahstal of the Federal Bureau with headcjuarters at North Yakima. Professtor Lewis, representing the Oregon Agricultural College Extension Service, was called into conference wilh these marketing specialists to con- sider the best means of putting into effect the uniform contract marketing ])lan and to devise the best methods of ])hysical handling so that the fruit products will meet the standardization requirements. The conference agreed to recommend activities by members of the fruit marketing agency along four distinct lines, as follows: Securing and distributing accurate re])orts of crop conditions; securing a imiform system of harvesting; improve the storage and packing service, and secure standardization of account-sales system. "Heretofore," says Professor Lewis, "no exact or comijlete informa- tion has been obtainable of the amount and conditions of horticultural crops. Growers and distributors of the North- west have been compelled to rely upon guesses for this information and con- seiiuently have made many mistakes. Other and larger agencies in other parts of the coinitry have l)een able to get a good deal more comijlete and exact in- formation than the local men, and they have capitalized the mistakes of the Northwest growers and handlers. It is hoi)ed that we can now develop a sys- tem of collecting and reporting the exact conditions, thus giving us a tre- mendous advantage that we have not before enjoyed. The uniform harvest- ing system should supply large (juan- lities of fruit of like kind and like degree of maturity. Too often in the past the fruit has dribbled in in small (|uantities, too small to atlracl the atten- tion of large dealers, and it has been of var> ing degrees of maturity, some over-green, some just right and some overripe. These conditions must be improved if the best markets are to be .Hcessible. This is a critical time for the horticultuial industries of the Xiirthwest and a great deal of the fulure success of the industry depends WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 21 upon the present improvement of pack- ing and storage service. The Fruit Growers' Agency will make a sys- tematic study of the relative merits of the packs of the small individual grow- ers and of the community packs. By community pack we mean the pack put up by a number of growers, three or more acting together. Packs put up in this way will of necessity be more nearly uniform than those put up by individuals acting independently. The system will permit a specialization in the division of labor or the employ- ment of more expert assistants in the work of packing and will increase the rapidity of handling. Another big advantage of the co-operative plan is the economy. Now look here. Suppose five men invest two thousand dollars each in a packing house and packing eciui])ment for handling their own indi- vidual fruit. .Suppose five other men go together and erect one i)acking house and buy one set of equipment. The cost to the five growers under the former plan is •'SIO.OOO. To the five growers under the second plan it is .1^2.000. Of course the larger growers may own their own individual ware- house and packing equipment, but it is a charge on the industries that the business of the small grower will not stand. The ado])tion of a uniform sales-account system will enable the in- vestigator to see at a glance the condi- tion of the business. Heretofore, the radically different systems of recording the account sales made it difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an under- standing of the condition. This infor- mation is necessary to the success of uniform marketing plans and it is hoped that the uniform account-sales plan will be accepted by a large ma- jority of growers and distributors. A careful study will be made of the fruit from the time it leaves the tree until it reaches the consumer, and every effort will be made to lit properly to go into the best and most proiltable market." Zillah, Washington, has a cold- storage plant with a capacity of COO cars. Walla Walla, Washington, reports ver\ little damage from the frost. Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Weil made. Quick sillpments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE, WASH. Y OUR SE ED DEALER RECOMMENDS VH^ T/-/£ STANDflRD INOCULATION^ Hr- knuws It Means Ctop Inautanc fui AllsUa, Vetch, Clover, and all other IrgumM- Bigger iind nther crops for less money and lalwr Ask liim about it or write to U3. Dept 127 foi "The Legume Grower" FREE EARF-THOMAS FARMOCERM CO. Washington State Fair SEPTEMBER 18-23, 1916 Liberal premiums offered for Horticultural and other exhibits. Attractions of all kinds. Ferullo's Band, of Chicago, will play two concerts daily. Reduced rates on all lines. FRANK MEREDITH, Secretary, North Yakima Send for Premium List The Prospects for Wormy Apples [Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington] THE season 1915 was generally con- sidered a "worm year." Because of a concurrence of several factors more apples than usual were wormy at harvest and correspondingly more woi'ms than usual went into winter ([Litirteis. Ordinarily the winter mor- tality of the codling moth is excessive, as is obviously apparent when we con- siiler how few apples become wormy ca]l> in the season year after year. The past winter, however, although severe, did not manifest the alternate freezing and thawing which is most fatal to the codling moth. In many localities a snow blanket held over into spring to protect the worms in the ground. .\ccordingly the codling moth has been transforming in numbers, and in the warmer valleys the first brood of worms is showing up to a startling extent. First-brood worms should be destroyed by every means possible, de- clares Dr. A. L. Melander, Entomolo- gist of the Washington Experiment .Station. A codling moth pioduccs forty some eggs and as in many districts a partial third generation exists which is at least as numerous as the second generation, every worm destroyed early in the season carries with it the destruction of dozens of others. Owing to the habit of the majoritv of codling worms to enter the fruit through the calyx cavity the importance of proper calyx spraying immediately after blossoming cannot be overstated. This spraying is effective for the last worms of the season as well as for the first, but does not help much in dc- slroxing the minority of worms which seek to enter api)les through the sides. The relatively few worms which have (his habit must be reached by a series cif cover sprayings, but because of a peculiar instinct of the newly-hatched worms covei- sprays are never 100 pel' cent effective. When a worm bites inio (he api)le skin it rejects, without swallowing, the tough epidermis. Onlv accidentally then does il swallow any piilson, for its mouth becomes pretty well cleaned by the rejected bilings. Owing to this habit many worms can work through even the Tuost complete of cover coatings. It seems, further- more, practically impossible to coal ever>' portion of every apple, so that main' worms gain free entrance into (he fiuil. It is such escaping worms which cause destruction by multiply- ing into a second and a third brood. A cover spraying is considered efTec-' live for three or four weeks. If the first cover spraying was timed too early so that after weeks many worms are still entering the fruit, another aijplication should be given, but if it was properly timed it is unnecessary to repeat this spraying. The exact strength of the spray is no t so im- portant as the time and the method of ai)plication. Five pounds of paste arse- nate of lead to two hundred gallons will answer as well as double that n,uantit\-. The cover sprayings may be su|)plemented by banding, in which case the bands should be cleaned every two weeks. But by all means thin for wormy fruit, and destroy the pickcd- olT fruit. If the potentialities of neglected first-brood worms were real- ized the rancher could well afford to give a premium for wormy fruit when thinning. Except for a few abnormal preco- cious worms the onset of the first- brood worms this year dated June 5 at Kennewiek, .lune 10 at North Yakima and .lune 15 at Wenatchee. For one month following these dates the first brood of worms is hatching, after which a lull of a couple of weeks can be expected before the beginning of the second biood. Preceding this lull it is useless to spray. The date for the second-brood spraying can be easily determined by trapping the earliest first-brood worms as they emerge from the fruit, as, for exami)le, by a strip of burlap tied around the tree trunks. Allowing two weeks for the cocooh stage and two weeks more for the eggs to be i)roduced and hatched and the date for the summer spraying is known. .Summer spraying should be repeati'd at iiilervals of one month to provide for sirtlchiiig of Ihc fruit and rubbing off of the spr;i.\'. ('olorado reported a temperature as low as 1!) in some sections of the drand Valley, causing severe losses. II is slateHngs are 1 _ ma.iejiibt like the tint-it auioniuLnlc springs. Tiicy /absorb allthe bumps, jars anj jerks oi rough, uneven ] J roads, and change an ordinary wagon into an e.isv- I riding spring wairon. A set on your wagon will enable \ you to get your perishable produce to market in first class con-iiiionahvays Insist on Har- vey's. Hyourdealer can t supply you writ" us for free catalog and price hit. Harvey Spring Co..784-nth St. ,Ricinfl.Wis_ PROTECT YOUR STOCK!! From the Torture of Flies Cows Give V3 More Milk — Horses Do More Work on Less Feed when Pro- tected by SO-BOS-SO. Applied in a few seconds at a cost of less than Vz cent per ciy per head. 'Ifyoi.' milk more than one cow you nccJ a "NATIONAL" Separator tuilli t!,c viarvclnus I puce skimming device^ the "Vortespoon'^—Catulos on request. PORTLAND PEED COMPANY Portland Oregon BI^^Ask for Catalog No. 206 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRIUT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 2S of this corporation, and so far as feasible at special meetings, shall be as follows: 1. Reading and approval of minutes of the last meeting. 2. Reports of otlicers. 3. Reports of committees. 4. Unfinished business. .5. New business. G. Adjournment. Sec. 6. Roberts' Rules of Order shall be recognized as standard author- ity by this corporation in all cases not otherwise provided for. Article VIII. — Meetings of Board of Trustees Sec. 1. The annual meeting of the Board of Trustees shall be held imme- diately at the close of the annual meet- ing of the members in each and every year, at the place where the annual meeting of the members is held. Sec. 2. Special meetings of the Board of Trustees may be held at any time or place in the four Northwestern States upon call of the President or on writ- ten application made to the Executive Secretary by any three members of the board. Five days' written, or two days' telegraphic notice of such meet- ings, shall be given by the Executive Secretary to all members of the board, and such notice shall give the time and place of meeting and the purpose or purposes for which it is called. Sec. 3. At any such meetings the presence of a majority of the members of the board as at the time constituted, shall make a quorum, and the attend- ance of a quorum shall be necessary in order to transact business. Sec. 4. The order of business at the annual meeting of the Board of Trus- tees, and so far as feasible at special meetings, shall be as follows: 1. Reading and approval of minutes of previous meeting. 2. Reports of otlicers. 3. Reports of committees. 4. (At annual meeting) Election of '•s. finished business. I'^cw business. 7. Adjournment. Article IX. — Committees. Sec. 1. The President shall, at or im- mediately following the annual meet- ing, appoint an advisory committee, an arbitration committee and a member- ship committee, and such other stand- ing committees as he may deem ad- visable, subject to contirmation of the Boaid of Trustees. I'ach of the above connnittees shall consist of not less than three members. The membershij) of any and all com- iiiittees may be selected either from the Irnstees or from persons who are mem- bers, oflicers, trustees or employes of •.iganizations holding membership in I his corporation. Article X. — Advisory Committee An advisory conmiillee of not less Mian three shall be appointed from i.mong the active members, such ap- pointment to be i-atified by the Board of Trustees. The Secretary shall be an ex-ollicio member of this committee. Ridley, Houlding& Co. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1.— We Specialize in Apples 2.— All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3.-The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING. LONDON Lasts Twice As Long THROUGH the microscope, a spindle looks as rough as sand paper. That's where the rub comes. But the powdered mica in Mica Axle Grease fills up this uneven- ness, making a smoother, cooler bearing. That's why Mica does bet- ter work, and lasts twice as long. Get a can from your dealer today. Standard Oil Company (California) M ICA GREASE Ore£(on Nursery Company ORENCO, OREGON Extensive growers of all lines of Fruit, Nut and Shade Trees, Evergreens, Flowering Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. Introducers of the VROOMAN FRANQUETTE walnut, recognized as the best walnut. Our large complete stock consists of varieties suitable for every kind of climate. Write us about your wants before buying. I KHODKS UOCBL£ CUT fRUNING SHKAB RHODES MFQ. CO., ••0 S. DIVISION AVE . URAND RAPID5. niCtL T-HE onl, pruna madetnal cut* from both side* ol the limb and doe* not bruise the baric. Mtd* ■■ •II tlylet and >ize>. W* pay Elxprcu chargM on all ordert. Write foe circular maid price>. WHEN WRITING AnVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT August ■yOP DRESS all your Crops with Nitrate of Soda alone, no matter what other fertilizers you may have used. 100 pounds to the acre for seeded, and 200 pounds to the acre for cultivated crops will do the work. The increase will yield large profits over the cost. Write on post card for oar money making book* WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director 25 Madison Avenue. New York TARRED ORCHARD YARN The time is now just right for tying fruit trees. Tie the interior of the tree before the leaves are out and the exterior can be tied later. Orchard Yarn is put up in 5 lb. balls, 10 balls to a sack. This form is more conven- ient for use as the ball can be placed in the tree and by pulling the yam from the inside it never tangles. 2-ply contains about 100 feet per pound. Sold by all merchants handling orchard supplies MANUFACTURED BY The Portland Cordage Co. PORTLAND, OREGON r First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MOE - - President E.O. BLANCHAR - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System $50.00 SI? YOU CAN EARN ith the Gearless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine DrilN throuiirh nny forma- tion. Five yenra alif ad of any othtr. Hasreconi of drilling 130 feet and drivinKcaelnK In 9 hoiirB. Another record wiiere 70 feet was drilled on 2 1.2 gallons dinttllate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. Electrically equipped for running niglitH, Fishing joh. Engine ignition. Catalogue W-S, REIEDSON MtCHINERV CO..Mfes.,1295-97Hood SI.,Portland.Ora. 'I"he advisory committee shall act in an advisory capacity to the Executive Sec- retary. This committee shall have jjowcr to call special meetings of the trustees. The advisory committee shall be called together at such times as may be deemed necessary by the Executive .SecreUuy. Article XI. — Membership Committee The member.shlp committee shall pass upon the ciualifications of appli- cants for membership and report the findings of the committee to the Board of Trustees, who shall act upon the same at the first meeting after the pre- sentation of the report of the member- ship committee. Article XII. — Arbitration Committee Sec. 1. The President .shall apixiint, at or immediately following the annual meeting, a committee of three to serve during the ensuing year as a committee of arbitration. Sec. 2. Upon their appointment, the ai'bitration committee shall meet and elect a chairman from their own body. The Executive Secretary of the corpo- ration may act as secretary of the com- mittee, but if for any cause he is un- able or does not act, the committee may appoint a clerk pro tern. Sec. 3. The arbitration committee shall have power to fix the time and place of investigations or hearings on matters submitted to them, and shall further have power to determine the manner of hearing complaints, and shall notify both complainant and de- fendant of the time and place of hear- ings at least ten (10) days in advance of the date of any such hearing. The committee shall have power to dismiss complaints or continue hearings tliere- on and to adjourn its sessions from time to time as its may see tit, the com- plaining party and the person, firm or corporation against whom the com- plaint is made shall be entitled to appear in person or by attorney at all hearings, and to introduce evidence in support of their contentions. After hearing the evidence introduced and the arguments presented b>- the jiarties the commiltce shall make such further and indepeiulent investigation as it may see fit, and shall render its de- cision when it shall reach a conclusion in regard to the merits of the contro- versy. The decision of a majority of the committee to be decisive of any ([uestion or complaint submitted to it, and to be binding upon the parties in- volved. The costs and expenses of arbitrations and investigations shall be assessed by the committee against the ])arfics thereto in such manner as a majority of the committee shall de- teiMiiine. Sec. 4. In case of any member of the arbitration committee being a party to any conlrovcis\' in dispute he sliall be iiu'li.nible to act and his place shall be filled by appninlmeiit by the President of Ibe coriioration. Sec. 5. No ijcison, firm or corpora- lion shall be entitled to a hearing before the arbitration committee unless one or both of the parties to tlu' dis- inile is a member of this corporation. One Horse Is Enough No need to lose dol- lars these days by incomplete tillage. If you have on e horse — that is enough! You can ^o as good work as the big outfits on the largest farms, when you use one of the sevrral tyjit^ of light draft, 1-horse sizes of the Disk Harrows s. cutlery zteeXforgcd sharp; reversible gangs; t-proof, oil-soaked hardwood bearings arc a V of its features. If yourdealer has not the rtinneCUTAWAY.wntedireot.Sendforfrte lok "The Soil and Its Tillage. "and for spe- ialfoidcrijlustratingone-hoi^seimplements. The Cutaway Harrow Company Maker of the orvjinal CLARK ilifik harroivs and plows ^y^ an 1 6 Main Street, Higsanum '4^^ _Co- t^. r-r'i MONARCH CIDER PRESS Here's the ritjht outfit for work- ing up the culls into prolitable cider. Suitable lor individual and merchant service. Ourcelebrated high pressure design with minute accu- rateconstruction, getsall the juicewithlow operatingex* aft;^ penso. Built in sizesfrom . W_,\ :. ^^^- 15 to 400 barrels a day. s--.4wi*M^j ?■""*"**" page Catalogue r/t3i'ii "^ fi-t'c. Write today. >A!^1.ioi-^-— — s A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.. Box 106 York, Penna. Wealso it ""» Bran ^™" Enifhies, YOUR AXLES NEED K Wheels may change, but C. & S. Axle Grease goes on forever. It's been die friend of the farmer for two generations. Ask your dealer '•VHrrTIER-COBURN COMPANY San Vrmaciaco FREE The live'ipst little tnfrine bo* Ic c v<'r ^^^^^^^ -ii.-Iiod. Tells t:ie ^^^^^^^^^^ priiu-ipksof ^^OLnIi'n- n-ine ronstrni'tion so p!;un .'unl go iri- t;roF.{inB tiuit any n-'nn or boy will enjoy r.-:idinff it. Write tud.iy. .-- WITTE ENGINE WORKS 1880 Oakl;>ndAve. Kansas City, Mo. 1880 EmpircSldg. r'ttisburgh, Pa. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WHITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 25 All persons or firms entitled to a hear- ing before the arbitration committee shall file with the Secretary their evi- flence and an agreement in writing to submit their case to the committee an' are to be under the super'- vision of the Farm Loan Board, hut the Government \silt not invest in them. Subject to geogi niihit ai iimit.-ilions and subject to tile .'»0 per cent and 20 ]iev cent limitation, these banks can lend to an iiuli\'idnal an.v amount they wish, and for an,\- jmr-p^tse. They cannot charge an inter-est rate exceeding G per cent and slU'h late nnist not exceed by more than 1 tier cent the interest they liave paid on their last issue of bonds. Their n:ortgagcs. however, must jirovide for anu)rtizaticni i-a>inents, T'hese banks are |H-ohibited fi-iun cliarging, under any Tirelexl. fees or commissions other than those authorized by the Act. National Farm Loan Associations The act provides for the creation of local national farm-loan associations through which it is contemplated thai the Federal land banks shall make their loans. In the event that a local loan association is not formed in any lo- cality within a year, the Federal Farm Loan Board may authorize a Federal land hank to make loans on farm land through apijroved agents. Ten or more persons who own and cultivate farm land ([ualified as security for a mort- gage loan under the act, or who are about to own and cultivate such land, ma\- form such an association, pro- vided the aggregate of the loans desired by the membership is not less than *20,flll0. Each member must take stock in his association to an amount equiv- alent to ,5 per cent of the amount he wishes to borrow. This slock the a.sso- ciation holds in trust as security for the member's individual loan. The associ- ation, in turn, when applying for money from the bank, must subscribe for stock in the bank to an amount e(|uivalent to 5 per cent of the sum it wants to obtain for its members. This stock is held in trust b,\ the bank as security for the loans it makes through the association. If a prospective bor- rower has no money with which to pay for his association stock, he may borrow the price of that slock as a part of the loan on his farm land. Under this plan, then, every borrower must be a stockholder in his local associa- tion, and every association a stock- holder in its district bank. Fach stock- holder in an association is liable for the acts qf that association up to twice the amount of his stock. How Loans Are Obtained A member of a national farm-loan association, before obtaining a loan, must first fill out an application blank supplied to the loan association by the l'"edei al Farm Loan Boaril. This appli- cation blank and other necessary pa- pers will then be referred to a loan committee of the association which must appraise the property offered as security. Such application as is ap- proved by the loan committee is then forwarded to the Federal land bank and must be invesligaled and reported on by a salaried appraiser of the bank before the loan is granted. This ap- praiser is refpiired to investigate the solvency and character of the prospec- tive borrower as well as the value of I'.is land. When a loan is granted the Page 6 BETTER FRUIT September amount is forwarded to the borrower through the loan association. Conditions Under Wliich Loans May Be Obtained From Federal Land Banks The act specifically defines the pur- poses for which loans may be obtained. These are: "(a) To provide for the purchase of land for agricultural uses, (b) To provide for the purchase of equipment, fertilizers and live stock necessary for- the proper and reason- able operation of the mortgaged farm; the term 'equipment' to be defined by the Federal Farm Loan Board, (c) To provide buildings and for the improve- ment of farm lands; the term 'improve- ment' to be defined by the Federal Farm Loan Board, (d) To liquidate indebtedness of the owner of the land mortgaged, existing at the time of the organization of the first national farm- loan association established in or for the county in which the land mort- gaged is situated, or indebtedness sub- sequently incurred for one of the pur- poses mentioned in this section." Loans may be made only on first mortgages on farm land. Only those who own and cultivate farm lands or are about to own and cultivate such land are entitled to bonow. No one can borrow save for the purposes stated in the act and those who after borrow- ing do not use the money for the pur- poses specified in the mortgage are liable to have their loans reduced or recalled. The secretary-treasurer of each association is required to report any diversion of borrowed money from the purposes stated in the mortgages. No individual can borrow more than .$10,000 or less than .flOO. No loan may be made for more than .")0 per cent of the value of the land mortgaged and 20 per cent of the value of the perma- nent insured improvements upon it. The loan must run for not less than five and not more than forty years. Every mortgage must provide for the repayment of the loan under an amor- tization plan by means of a fixed num- ber of annual or semi-annual install- ments sufficient to meet all interest and pay off the debt by the end of the term of the loan. The installments re- quired will be those published in amortization tables to be prepared by the Farm Loan Board. The bank is given power to protect itself in case of default by recalling the loan in whole or in part or taking other necessary action. The Interest Rate Paid by the Borrower No Federal land bank is permitted to charge more than 6 per cent per annum on its farm-mortgage loans, and in no case shall the interest charged on farm mortgages exceed by more than one per cent the rate paid on the last issue of bonds. For example, if the bank pays only A per cent on an issue of bonds, it cannot charge more than 5 per cent for the next farm loans it makes. Out of this margin of not to exceed 1 per cent, together with such amounts as it can earn on its paid-in cash capital, the bank must set aside certain reserves and meet all its expenses. .\ny balance or net profits can be distributed as dividends to the loan associations or other stockholders. The loan associations, from their bank dividends, after setting aside the re- quired reserves and meeting expenses, can declare association dividends to their members. In this way the profits, if any, will be distributed among the borrowers and will, to that extent, re- duce the amount of interest actually paid by them. Restriction on Fees and Commissions The Federal land banks are specifi- cally prohibited from charging in con- nection with making a loan any fees or commissions which are not authorized by the Farm Loan Board. The author- ized fees need not be paid in advance but may be made part of the loan. Conlimied in next issue All About An Apple By Dr. Benjafield, Hobart, Tasmania AS both food and medicine an apple is a wonderful example. Professor McAlpine gives us this digram, of which the following is an explanation in pure English: Suppose this apple to be the size of a large breakfast cup and into this cup you put nearly half a pint of water and stir into it: of concentrated food like that contained in an egg, half a teaspoonful; of fatty stuff like butter, a little less than half a teaspoonful; of sugar, both cane and grape sugar, two tablespoonfuls; of mineral matter, as much as will lie on a sixpence; of acids, a little more than half a teaspoonful; of skin and core, a little more than two- thirds of a teaspoonful. From a medical point of view we look upon each of these elements as follows: The food or protein is pure and strengthening and exists in the apple combined with sugars and acids, and when taken it enters rapidly into the muscles, where it is readily broken up, imiiarting heat and strength, so that the athlete, under great exertion, soon gets the stinndus. The fatty matters are so beautifully combined with acids that even the most delicate child does not recognize that he is taking fat when he is eating an apple. The sugars or carbohydrates form the most attractive element, as they are the most nourishing part of the fruit. And these sugars are just crystallized sunshine and are far more digestible than any ordinary sugar. The child, from babyhood, just loves it and it is excellent food for him. In the adult, especially in advanced age, ordinary chemically-prepared sugar when taken freely produces rheumatism, gout and such like diseases, but these sugars never set up any of these troubles; indeed gouty people get relief fiom eating fruit. The mineral matter in the apple is one of nature's wonders. The blood nnist keep its red color or it cannot do its work in the body and we die, and this red color depends on the presence of iron. When we eat an apple we eat just the right dose of iron which the blood needs, and the invalid with poor blood will get iron in the apple which is far more easily absorbed by the blood than in any preparation of iron compounded by the chemist. Lime is found in the apple in the same form as it is found in our bones, and in the apple the lime is so beauti- fully combined with phosphoric acid that, when an apple is eaten, the bones of the body are nourished by these lime salts, and by these additions of lime the child is able to build up the young growing bone. Ricketty chil- dren have bones deficient in lime. I have never seen Rickets or soft bones in a Tasmanian orchard. Magnesia. — Yes, nature has placed in the apple quite a nice little dose of n;agnesia and it helps to keep off rheu- matism by purifying the blood and assisting the bowels. Phosphorus. — Professor Schaffer told us recently in the great scientific lec- ture of the year that life could not exist without phosphorus, and in the apple this great nerve tonic exists in quite a full dose and it exists in its most sol- uble form as phosijhoric acid. Sulphur, as sulphuric acid is also a great blood purifier and has an especial efi'ect on the skin_and skin diseases. There is just one more thing which science has not yet explained, and that is the wonderful life processes by which all these tasteless (some even nasty) elements were blended together info a beautiful fruit and perfect food. The sailor who lives a long time on salt meat and biscuit alone will rol with scurvy, and if he fakes the sugars, acids, etc., contained in an appl? every day separately he will still die, but if he takes an apple a day his blood will keep perfectly right. This shows there is life in the apple apart from just its chemical composition. The bee loves honey because its nature cries for a perfect food, and for the same reason the child cries for an ni)ijle. Its digestion is assisted by it, the blood is made richer, the muscles are made stronger, the bones are made harder and the dose of phosphorus sfinndafes the nerves and feeds them until if wants to run and romp in ex- uberant life. Ask our men in the trenches what they would give for a good feed of apples. The Manson fruitgrowers, in the Wenatchee district, have formed a local organization to afliliafe with the Wenatchee North Central Washington Growers' League. De.Td limbs take a great deal of water from growing apple frees. They are in tlie way at gathering time and make the whole crop look diseased. If caused V>y canker, the disease will spread to other parts of the orchard. Prune them out now and paint the wounds. igi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 7 F' pyny^w n wi n yi m w » e mm " w^ Momi. 'm^ fe-' 1 Vl^i/nOJva* ,j^v , ' \mw^ ©s^MMUMigis^ f ©OS- " ' '0^i&.' ■■ . ■KM igumMJMstg inEi r Mi'iniii i;il Inscription on tlie Monument erected to .lolin C. Chapman, otherwise known as Johnny Appleseed, at 1-ort Wayne, Indiana. Memorial Inscription on Monument On the 5th of May. 1916, in the city of Fort Wayne, Indiana, the Indiana Horticultural Society, in co-operation with the John Chapman Memorial Asso- ciation of Ohio, unveiled a monument to the memory of John Chapman, uni- versally known as Johnny Appleseed, with an inscription of which a cut ap- pears above. John Chapman was born in 1776 in Massachusetts. He was a pioneer apple grower in Indiana and Ohio. With a great love for the fruit industry, he traveled through all the frontier regions of these two states, always carrying with him apple seeds, which he planted or gave away to set- tlers, doing this continuously for a per- iod of over forty years. And perhaps it is due to him more than any one man the credit for the thousands of orchards throughout (lie Middle West, which have continued to be a comfort and a profit to the owners and inhabitants. History records he was not only a remarkable man, but a man of eccen- tricities in many ways. He wore very little clothing, frequently trading apiile trees for cast-off garments, continually traveling through the forests giving away apple seeds, i)lanling apple seeds or selling apple trees. Freiiuently he would have no other coat than a colfee sack with armholes cut through. It is stated he went barefooted most of the time, even in winter. A strict vege- tarian, eating no meat or fish; he be- lieved it was wrong to take life in order to procure food. This probably accounted for his zest and zeal for encouraging people to plant and grow fruit. He believed in outdoor life, rarely sleeping in the shelter of a house, and when he did he slept on the floor. John Chapman certainly was an ec- centric and peculiar individual, deemed by some to be somewhat unbalanced, but he was more than a planter and a distributor of apple seeds, for he loved his fellowmen and it was his greatest pleasure in life to do anything in help- ing his fellowmen, confining his work largely to horticultural service and in- struction. Along with this he was religiously inclined, always preaching Christianity, carrying with him pages of his Swedenborgan Bible, from which he would fre(|uently take out a leaf and pin on the wall in some house where he had stopped possibly for a meal or overnight. His religon was a religion of love, his favorite texts being, "Love thy neighbor as thyself," "Blessed arc the pure in heart," and "How beauteous are Thy works, O God." Tliis short account is siidieient to show there was something pccidiarly touching and compelling in his life and habits. It indicates he was a man of very unassuming character, whose great work was a work of love, doing the things he thought would do the most good, unmindful of fame or glory. So we agree with those who have said "(iod bless John Chapman.'" Ninth National Apple Show at Spokane, Nov. 20-25 COMPREHENSIVE plans already are under way for the Ninth National Apple Show, which will be held at Spokane, November 20 to 25. Allen Meisenheimer, a well-known Spokane man who is interested in the apple industry, is chairman of the board of trustees, and, with Manager Gordon C. Corbaley, will direct the show. A big innovation at this year's show will he a special contest to select the best five boxes of apples in the world. This will be open to any grower, and will determine which district and which grower can produce the most perfect five boxes of apples. This com- petition will follow the general lines of the world's competition at the Panama-Pacific International Exposi- tion at San Francisco last year, which was won by Fred Conklin of Brewster, Washington, with Winesaps. A prize of .*250 in gold and a National Apple Show world's championship banner will be given the winner of this c(m- test. The competition will be restricted to the following varieties: Arkansas Black, Delicious, Jonathan, Macintosh Red, Rome Beauty, Spitzenberg, Stay- man Winesap, Wagener, Winesap, Win- ter Banana, White Winter Pearmain and Yellow Newtown. The grade and pack demonstrations, which were a big feature at last year's show, again will be held for the pur- pose of aiding to secure standard grade and pack. The leading shippers and associations in each district are being invited to prepare displays that will perfectly illustrate the range of fruit that they understand should be per- mitted within the limits of each grade and pack. These displays will be placed in immediate proximity to each other at the National Apple Show so that comparisons may be made with the fruit. Especially is this important because of the practical demonstration that if will give to the growers them- selves. At certain hours each day the displays will be discussed in detail and the growers' questions answered. In the five-box classes, 23 varieties will compete, and first, second and third prizes of $25, $12.56 and l?10, re- spectively, will be given the winners among each variety. The lots in this ■ class are: Arkansas Black, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Black Ben, Delicious, Grimes Golden, Jonathan, King David, Macin- tosh Red, Mammoth Black Twig, Mis- souri Pii)pin, Ortley, Rainier, Red Cheek Pippin. Rhode Island Greening, Rome Reauty, Spitzenberg. Stayman Winesap. Wagener. Winesai), Winter Banana, White Winter Pearmain and Yellow Newtown. The (ine-box contests again will be a feature. First, second and third prizes of $7.50. $5 and $2.50, respectively, will be given the winners among 24 differ- ent varieties. A $10 prize is offered for the best single-box dis])Iay of a variety not previously shown at a National Apple .Show and scoring 90 or better. The National Apple Show offers a froijhy Clip and cash prize of $25 to the Page 8 BETTER FRUIT September team from any agricultural college which attains the highest rank in the apple-judging contest. The cup shall be awarded tor one year only, pro- vided that if the team from any college shall win it three times in succession it shall become the permanent prop- erty of such school. Each team will consist of three students. The exhibits of pruning, spraying, picking, packing and other eiiuipment will form one of the great features of the show. As the apple growers are making progress along scientific lines, they are becoming more and more in- terested in doing their work in the best and most modern manner. The machinery and other industrial ex- hibits of last year's National Apple Show were seen by thousands of grow- ers and in many ways attracted the greatest attention of anything at the show. These exhibits this year will be larger and more complete and more interesting. Every sort of machinery or equipment that belongs in the orchard will be at the show under demonstration. Again this year there will be a con- test between the leading apple shippers of the Northwest to determine which can make the best and most striking advertising display of the brand of extra fancy apples that it is offering on the market. Each entry must contain inO boxes of one variety of apples, strictly standard extra fancy pack, put out by one shipper under one trade- mark brand. The exhibit may be ar- ranged and decorated by the shipper in any manner desired. The prizes offered are: First, .$100 and gold medal banner; second, ?50 and silver medal banner. • The original and attractive feature displays will be open to individuals, firms and fruit and commercial organi- zations. The judges are instructed not to take into consideration the elements of cost and size, but the unicpie and artistic showing only. Prizes offered are: First, $150; second, SlOO; third, $50; fourth, .$25. A grade and pack demonstration to .show the way that the rules are inter- preted in each district also will be held. The orchard accounting competition, which has been an educational feature at past Spokane shows will be con- tinued, as will the demonstration of improved appliances and the world's championship packers' contest. Greater space is being provided for the women's department, where house- wives will display home-made by- products of the apple and every dish in which apples are used. In a recent issue of "Better Fruit," through a stenographer's error, it was stated the Canadian Pacific Hallway had purchased .$10,000,000 worth of fruit in 1915. We are advised by Mr. W. E. McTaggart, Fruit Market Com- missioner for the Province of British Columbia, that this is an error, and the amount should be .$10,0(1(1. Joseph Steinhaidt, of Ihc firm of Steinhaidl & Kelly, New York City, Chairman of the Kntertainnient (Committee of the International ,\pple Shippers' Conventitm. Mr. Steinhardt was chairman of the entertainment committee of the conven- tion of the International Apple Ship- pers' Association, held at Niagara Falls August 1() to 18, which is a big factor in explaining just why everybody had such a splendid time at the convention. It is a pleasure to add a few words about Mr. Steinhardt, for two reasons: First, on account of his wonderful achievement in the fruit industry, and second, on account of his great popu- larity. A few years ago Mr. Steinhardt and his popular partner, Mr. Richard Kelly, deceased, were doing a small competitive business in selling fruit in a very limited retail way. It occurred to both of Ihcm they could work better co-operatively than they could com- petitively, consequently they formed a partnership, doing a small retail busi- ness. Both men were self-inaile and self-educated. They were industrious, thrifty, of good habits, attending closely to business, believing in a square deal, liberal treatment and courteous busi- ness methods. Consequently their small retail business rapidly grew to a large retail business. Their success was so rapid they soon engaged in jobbing business. This in its turn grew, and grew so fast that within the last few- xears Steinhardt & Kelly have been numbered among the very large opera- tors of fruits in the United States. In 1008 Steinhardt & Kelly made their first venture in Northwestern box apples, Mr. Steinhardt ijersonah coming to the Northwest, purchasing i)ractically the entire crop of Spitzenburgs and New- towns grown in Hood Hiver Valley, at prices which helped make the valley famous. Since then the firm of Stein- hardt & Kelly have been heavy buyers of Hood Hiver apples, and as business continued growing, the quantity of apples they jMirchased from the North- west became more general and far greater in volume. Today they are known as one of the heaviest handlers in New York City of Northwestern box apples. In addition to this their bu.si- ness covers all other varieties of fruits, both citrus and deciduous. But per- haps more important in a way than the big business they have done is the per- sonality of Mr. Steinhardt. There is no man in the apple business who is will- ing to pay the price more cheerfully, more voluntarily than Mr. Steinhardt, when he can see his way clear to make a fair margin of profit. No man ever had a car rejected by Steinhardt & Kelly because the market was off or on account of any slight deficiency. It is a fact they have taken many cars of fruit far below the standard without a murmur. In addition to this Mr. Stein- hardt is a big man. He is not only big in ph\ sique, but big in generosity, kind- ness and hospitality. Wanted Position as working fore- man on fruit ranch. Nine years' experience in the Northwest: understand fruit growing. Pruning. grafting and blasting a specialty. Willing to do general farm work in connection (milking, etc.). Single. 34 years of age. of good habits. Best of references. Address John M.Den Boer. Box 158, Fruitland, Idaho Wanted Management of an orchard. Several years' experience in all the best fruit districts of the Northwest. Best of refer- ences. M. R., care "Better Fruit." you CAN 0cn nn ''^'' EARN OOUiUUdAY Gearless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine Brills tliroiiKli any foniia- tioii. riTO years ahead of aiiy (itliiT Ha.-i reroni nf «]rilllng 130 feet and driving casing in ;» lionrs. Annllior record where 70 feet was drilled on '1^ giillons distillate at 9*: per gallon, one man fan operate. Electrically equipped for ninoing nlglils. t.'i.;|,inc ii.l. KiiL'ine ipiiiiiMM Calaloinie W-^. REIERSON MACHIKERY CO. Mies. 1295-97 Hood St., Portland, Ore. WHEN WRITING .\PVKRTISEBS MENTION BRTTFR FRt-'IT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 9 Trees in BLASTED soil bear better Fruit growers have proved — by planting some trees in blasted beds and others in ordinary ground — that trees planted after the use of explosives root deeper, grow faster and better — that they are thriftier in every way, bear earlier, and yield larger crops. They have proved also that when the soil of established orchards is properly blasted the trees immediately take on new vigor and bear better fruit thereafter. Orchardists know that this condition is due to the increased moisture-storage capacity induced by blasting and to the consequent release of plant food from the subsoil. Fruit growers in every Pacific Coast State have used tons of 'ARM POWDERS STUMPING — AGRICULTURAL Fruit Growers Say: 'My orchard has made excel- lent growth, due to the fact that I used dynamite, breaking up the soil and making excellent beds for the roots. If I were to set another orchard I would not think of doing so without blast- ing each tree hole." T. A. JOHNSON. Boise, Idaho. "Generally speaking, the growth of plants depends upon the condition of the soil into v/hich the roots penetrate. If the depth of loose soil is too limited or the surface water is permitted to stand too long, the growth is impaired. Explosives properly used have invariably resulted in excellent growth. The yield is often three times as great on blasted soil as from those un- treated in the same vicinity." ROSECROFT FRUIT FARM. Summer. ^Vash. " We consider the use of explo- sives an important'factor in plant- ing orchards. It is important to secure good drainage and the roots should be able to penetrate deeply into the subsoil. Young fruit trees newly planted should make at least one foot of new growth the first year, and this is hardly possible unless the land is put into good mechanical con- dition, with plenty of room for the roots to spread in the loos- ened subsoil." A. LINGHAM. Puyallup. Wash. " Giant explosives are of great benefit for blasting beds for orch- ard planting. The difference in growth between unblasted trees and trees in blasted ground is so much in favor of the latter than no adequate comparieon can be made."' DONALD NURSERY CO.. Donald. Ore. for planting trees and deep tilling their orchards. These powders are made in two brands, Eureka Stump- ing Powder and Giant Stumping Powder, and are prepared especially for farm and orchard work. They are more effective and do their work more economically than ordinary dynamites. Eureka Stumping Powder pulverizes the soil instead of caking and packing or throwing it high in the air. This is the action that is wanted in stump and soil work, and the action that the so-called '*high strength" dana- mites will not give. When you use Eureka Stumping Powder the finished job costs you less money. Giant Stumping Powder, which is also used for subsoil blasting, is the most efficient explosive for many other kinds of farm work, including blasting dead trees or stumps in wet soil. Make this test of Giant Powders By uiingthe Giant Farm Powders you can demonstrate their superiority for tree planting and orchard tillage. Mail today a trial order with your book coupon. VVe will have our nearest distributor supply you — at lowest market price — with a 25-or 50-pound case of either of the Giant Farm Powders. Test this in comparison with any dynamite. The results will show you why fruit growers in every section insist upon having the Giant Farm Powders for orchard tillage work. Giant Farm Powders and other Giant blasting supplies are sold by distributors everywhere. Your own dealer has them or can get them for you. If he offers you a substitute, write us and we will see that you are supplied with the genuine. Giant Pow- der is the trade name of explosives manufactured by The Giant Powder Co., Con. Because Giant Powders are best known everywhere, many have assumed that all high explosives are Giant Powders. Insist upon having the genuine. THE GIANT POWDER CO., Con. HOME OFFICE: SAN FRANCISCO "Everything for Blasting" Distributors with magazine stocks everywhere in the West Book "Better Orchard Tillage" FREE Our valuable illustrated book, "Better Orchard Tillage," tells and shows how to plant trees and im- prove established orchards. Our books on Stump Blasting, Boulder Blasting, Subsoil Blasting for all crops, and Ditch Blasting will also be helpful to land owners. All were written to meet ^veUem farm conditions, by a Pacific Coast com- pany with 50 years' experience. Choose the books that you prefer and mark and mail the coupon. Free Book Coupon THE RIANT POWDER CO . Con. 202 Kohl Building, San Francisco. Send nie your illustrated books on the subjects which I have marked X ; r^ STUMP BLASTING BOULDER BLASTING U SUBSOIL BLASTING □ TREE PLANTING D DITCH BLASTING L_ Address Writt bthiv your dtaier'i name WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 BETTER FRUIT Timely Advice on Marketing the Apple Crop [From Office of Markets, U. S. Department of Agriculture] ATTENTION is called to the- small ciuantity of American apples — less than 2,(M)(I,()U(I harrels— taken by Europe in normal times. Both the growers and dealers are urged to view the situation with optimism and to prepare for the disposal of Europe's usual portion in other ways. It is suggested that with judicious handling the demand at home may bo increased and the commercial crop marketed with relatively fair suc- cess to all. As to just what constitutes judicious handling, the Ollice of Mar- kets makes the following suggestions: 1. Growers should pick the fruit in uniform condition, gleaning the trees only for what is ready to come ofT, repeating the process until the crop is harvested. The advantage is to secure a longer time for distribution and to prevent the pack from representing ex- treme stages of maturity ranging from ripe to green. 2. When pickeil the fruit should be handled from orchard to cars in such a way as to prevent deteiioration, care being exercised to ijrotect the apples from" the elements. It is explained that under i)roper conditions fruit which is picked toilay should not be packed until tomorrow, and that for this purpose shelter should be provided. 3. Those using the barrel package should uniforndy grade and pack the crop in comidiance with the Sulzer law and brand in accordance with its pro- visions, for the purpose of creating a feeling of confidence among dealers and consumers. I. Inferior grades should be elimi- nated from the green-fruit markets, not only for the reason that the ilemand for such grades will be very limited, but also because their presence in the markets will undoubtedly hamper prof- itable disposition of the better fruit. ,'). All apple growers, oijcrators, deal- ers and associations should early arrive at an estimate of true values in order to secure quick movement. It is explained that if arbitrarily high prices rule in the beginning of the season, the crop will not pass readily into consumption, but that on the other hand abnormal accumulation and congestion will oc- cur throughout the channels of trade, with disastrous results to all concerned. 6. Onl\' standard varieties well packed should be placed in cold storage for the reason that prices likely to rule in the late fall and early winter, as the inevitable result of lib- eral ofl'erings of conuuon storage stock, will probably limit the demand for cold-storage apples until mid-winter. 7. An efTort should be made to fully sup:;ly small towns by direct sales in order to secure a more uniform distri- bution and avoid congesting the large markets. Attention is called to the practice in some sections of growers who go with cars of apples to poorly- supplied towns and sell on the track. Growers or dealers who desire to use this system should apph' to the town and railway authorities for informa- tion as to regulations controlling such sales, and, if conditions justify ship- ping, the arrival of the car should be preceded by judicious advertising. 8. Growers who live in comnuinities where co-operative organizations are operated should do all possible to strengthen these exchanges. It is as- serted that the disloyalty of members is the chief element of failure in co- operative enterprises, and growers are strongh urged to support their associa- tion as the best way to efTect satisfac- tory distribution. Those who grade, pack and brand their barrels in accordancet with pro- visions of the Sulzer law should be more successful in making quick and satisfactory sales than otherwise. When apples are packed in a standard barrel as established by Section 1 of the Sulzer law, and are plainly and con- si)icuously marked as containing one barrel of apples of one of the standard grades described in Section 2, such a statement, if true, would constitute a satisfactory compliance with the Net Weight Amentlment to the Food and Drugs Act. Otherwise the package, if intended for interstate conunerce, must be marked to comply with the Net Weight Amendment to show the quan- tity of the contents, either by w'cight or by dry measure or by numerical count. A statement of numerical count must be ([ualilied by the size of the ai)ples expressetl as the average diam- eter in inches to be a statement of ((uantity. With respect to Europe, the Ollice of Markets urges exporters to carefully watch the movement and assure them- selves of steamer space and a demand on the other side before making September shipments. Latest announcements of steamship eomi)anies are to the effect that fairly regular schedules will be maintained between .America and the United Kingdom. American api)lc shippers are advised to stimulate the demand and increase their shipments to Latin .\merica and the Orient. It is suggested that by co- opeiating with the Depai'tment of Com- merce, extension of trade in this respect can be accomplished. Incpiiries relat- ing to these countries shoulil be ad- dressed to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Connuerce, Washington, I). C. Shippers are urged to apply to the Superintendent of Documents, for the following publications, issued by that Bureau, which may be secured at the prices shown: Special Agents' Series, No. 02, 30 cents; No. 72, 10 cents, and No. 81, 2.') cents; Special Consular Re- ports, No. ()2, 10 cents, and TarifT Series, No. I'.la, 5 cents. Remittances should be in cash or by money order. Stamps are not accepted. Attention is called to an announcement of the Department of Commerce that it will aid in every practicable way. For the benefit of those who may not be disposed to exercise especial care in handling the crop, on the grounds that it will not be worth while, hie Ollice of Markets suggests it as probably being true of this year that not onl,\- proper handling but also great diligence will be recpured for efi'ecting sat isf actor V distribution. The grower who gets into his orchard now sees anything else which is the matter with his orchard, has his atten- tion called to anything which needs to be done to improve it, and learns a good lesson for next year's operations. Pacific Coast Fairs, Land and Apple Shows California Stati' Fair, Sacramento, September 2 to 9. Spokane Interstate Fair, Spokane, September 1 to n. Soutbwest Washington 1-air, Chebalis, .\uglisl 28 to September 2. Oregon State Fair, Salem, September 2.')-.'!0. Montana State Fair, Helena, September 2j-.'i0. Utah State Fair, Salt Lake, October 2-7. ^VashinKton State Fair, North Yakima, Sep- tember 18-2.'i. riic Pendleton n to December 2. Pacific International [.ivestock Exposition. North Puilhinil. Ilccclidirr l-il. -Th. ^Ur.. T P^.^;ncT THE MANHATTAN REFRIGERATING COMPANY 1 he 1 nree l^eaClinOr Located on N. Y. C. R.R. tracks Cold Storage Warehouses in the New York District General Offices, 525 West Street. New York City T. A. Adams, President West Wastiington and Gansevoort Markets, New York City UNION TERMINAL COLD STORAGE COMPANY Located on Erie Railroad and D. L. & W. R. R. tracks Jersey City, New Jersey KINGS COUNTY REFRIGERATING COMPANY Wallabout Freigtit Station, Wallabout Market, Brooklyn, N. Y. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Pace II You get quality when you buy P. A. PRINCE ALBERT has a value that coupons or premiums can't produce — quality! Premiums or coupons have never been offered with P. A. State or national restrictions on their use make no difference to P. A. Men get what they pay for when they buy the national joy smoke — quality ! P. A. comes to you w^ith a real reason for all the pipe and cigarette rolling goodness and satisfaction it offers ! It is made by a patented process that removes bite and parch! You can smoke it long and hard without a comeback ! It affords the keenest tobacco enjoyment ! And that P. A. flavor and fragrance and coolness is as good as that listens ! Prince Albert has w^on universal favor w^ith men of all tastes all over the world! It answers the uni- versal demand for tobacco — it does not bite, parch or kickback! Flash -it-hot-off-the-reel, Prince Albert will let you cut loose on that old jimmy pipe or on a makin's cigarette like a hungry fox after a chicken I Quickaction introduction to Prince Albert isn't any harder than just to walk into the nearest place that sells tobacco and ask for "a supply of P. A." You part company with a little change, to be sure, but it's the cheerfullest investment you ever made! For dividends-of-delight, Prince Albert backs clipping coupons square off the map ! Copyright 1916 by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Your supply of Prince Albert awaits your cheery nod at the nearest store that sells tobacco. Toppy red bags, 5c; tidy red tins, 10c; pound and half-pound tin humidors and that fine crystal-glass pound hu- midor with sponge -moist ener top that keeps the tobacco in such excellent shape. Prince the national Joy smoke Albert R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, Winston-Salem, N. C. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION HF.TTKR FRfIT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT September "/ Wish I were an artist" How often have you heard that expression? You are probably an artist in your partic- ular LINE of business. We Arelin Ours Let OUR ARTIST paint your picture. The superior value of color display properly ex- ecuted cannot be disputed. We Excel in High Grade Show Cards, Cut Outs, Hangers, Posters and Booklets, and all classes of advertising matter. For samples and other information address Advertising Dept. Schmidt LitHog'rapH Co. SAN FRANCISCO Los Angeles Fresno Portland Seattle Salt Lake City Honolulu cleaner spark plu^i Your spark plugs will keep cleaner if you use a straight-distilled, refinery gasoline. A mixed or imperfectly refined gasoline breaks up and deposits carbon instead of exploding com- pletely. Red Crow ike Gasoline of Qualify l»l^ is the all-refinery gasoline — not a mixture. DBALHRS EVERYWHERE AND AT OUR SERVICE STATIONS STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Caliiomii) Northwest Land Products Exposition, Seattle To ;is,sist in the agricultural and horticultural (levelopnient of Wash- ington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Alaska and British Columbia, the Northwest Land Products Exposition, to he staged at the Arena in Seattle from October 4 to 14, will be the first exhibition of the kind in Washington. Already the en- terprise has the official endorsement of the commercial bodies, not only of Seattle but over the states to be repre- sented, and the great railways serving the Northwest recognize the exposition as a most helpful adjunct in the ex- ploitation of the land with a view to encouraging homeseekers and will have a prominent place in the big under- taking. In the great national and interna- tional expositions held in the United States, as well as the shows in foreign lands, soil products have always re- ceived attention. This interest in- creased until the so-called land show became a fact. Land shows in the ColLseum in 1912, 1913 and 1914 at- tracted capacity crowds in the great Coliseum afternoon and night. The railroads presented magnificent dis- plays and many states of the Union were represented by displays of fruits, grains, grasses and vegetables. The shows at St. Paul and Minneapolis, where the exhibit was staged under the authority of the seven states of the Northwest, closed with record crowds for attendance while the show was in progress. "It's the Lure of the Land," was the editorial comment of a great Chicago daily newspaper in explaining the presence of thousands of people daily to view soil products. So at Seattle for eleven days every state, county and community in the Northwest will have an opportunity to have an active part in the eleven-day land school. The State Agricultural College at Pullman will be well repre- sented, schools and colleges will have attractive exhibits, the States of Mon- tana, Oregon and Idaho as well British Columbia will be represented by dis- plays to show the nature of the forage and cereal crops produced on their lands. From Alaska will come an agricul- tural display far greater than the ex- hibit at the A.-Y.-P. Exposition, for the northern country is now becoming widely known for the grains and grasses grown there, and the agricul- ture features of Alaska are now being exploited along with its marvelous pro- duction of minerals. This exhibit will be collected and arranged under the au.spices of the Alaska Bureau of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Dairy Day will be one of the features of the Exposition period and the dis- play of butter, cheese and similar products will be complete in every detail. This will require the building of a special cold-storage system to pre- serve the exhibits. Cooking and can- ning contests will be oflfered as an at- traction as will lectures by men who have devoted years of study to agricul- tural and horticultural possibilities in the Northwest. The Manufacturers' and Land Prod- ucts Show at Portland the last two years demonstrated that an exhibition of this character did more to acquaint people with the opportunities await- ing them in the districts away from the cities than countless pamphlets on the subject. Practically every county in Oregon had a display at the 191,5 land show and all received vast benefits in the way of reaching men and women giving serious thought to moving from the city to the country. With the advent of machinery on the farm the burden of the man who tills the ground has been lightened to a great extent. One section of the Ex- position will be set aside for exhibits >, ^\ ^f^^m I PREPAREDNESS FOR YOUR HOME is important too. A good Airedale means pre- paredness against two and four legged animals— and the best pal ever. Get that child a LADDIX BRED Airedale and feel SAFE. LADDIX KENNELS ESTACADA, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FBUIT IQl6 BETTER FRUIT Page 7? that will (leiiionstrate by machinery in motion the latest and most modern methods of preparing the land. It is intended that the Exposition at Seattle will present a long-looked-for opportunity to study soil products at close range. The county fair, as well as state fairs, olTers this feature as the serious side with much success. In the city where thousands of people are constantly seeking something new the land show has demonstrated many times that it is the real medium where- by the masses receive much of their real knowledge of the land and what it can produce and go to their homes with a first-hand knowledge of the future awaiting them on the lands of the Northwest. The railways serving the Northwest will all have displays. From the Seattle Land Show the immigration de- partments will select exhibits for dis- play in Eastern and Middle Western ticket ofTices and for use on exhibi- tion cars. While the Exposition is in progress low fares will be offered for the round trip to Seattle, and coming in the fall when the farm work is light, a great attendance is expected. It is also planned to advertise the Exposition so that the various features will be brought to the attention of tourists in Seattle en route home after a visit to California or British Columbia, the national parks, or coming directly to TheSchool thatGetsResults A select boarding and day school for boys and young men. Accredited at leading univer- sities. Small classes. Strict discipline. Fall term opens September 18, 1916. Send for catalog. HILL MILITARY ACADEMY, 821 Marshall St. Portland, Oregon Uniting Learning and Labor THE OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE In its Six Schools and Forty-eight De- partments is engaged in the great work of uniting Learning and Labor. Forty- eighth School Year Opens SEPTEMBER 18, 1916 Degree Courses requiring a four-year high school preparation, are offered in the following: AGRICULTURE, 16 Departments; COMMERCE, 4 Departments; ENGIN- EERING, 6 Departments; MINES, 3 De- partments; FORESTRY, 2 Departments; HOME ECONOMICS, 4 Departments; and PHARMACY. Vocational Courses requiring an Eighth Grade preparation for entrance are offered in Agriculture, Dairying, Commerce, For- estry, Home Makers, and Mechanic Arts. Pharmacy with a two-year high school entrance requirement. SCHOOL OF MUSIC— Piano, String, Band and Voice Culture. Catalogue and beautiful illustrated book- let free. Address The Registrar, CORVALLIS. OREGON. Pacific University, Forest Grove, Ore. A "STANDARD" COLLEGE FOREST GROVE, OREGON Twenty-five miles west of Portland. Beautiful Campus. Fine Modern Buildings. Reached by 36 trains daily. Equipment and Endowment worth $500,000. Highly Trained Teachers. Noted Conservatory of Music. Growing Student Body. Strong Student Organizations with "College Spirit." Christian Influences. Special help for self-supporting students. Write for Free Illustrated Bulletins to PRES. C. J. BUSHNELL FOREST GROVE, OREGON UNIVERSITY OF OREGON EUGENE The State University — Tuition Free The University Offers Work in the Following Schools and Colleges: Graduate School College of Literature, Science and THE Arts General Courses in Liberal Arts Special Courses: Course Preparatory to Medicine Course Preparatory to Law CoursePreparatory toEngineering Course Preparatory to Journalism School of Law A Three- Years' Course, requiring two years' work in Liberal Arts for Admission. School of Architecture A Four- Years' Course. School of Commerce A Four-Years' Course. School of Education A Four- Years' Course. School of Journalism A Four- Years' Course. School of Medicine A Four- Years' Course in Portland with two years' preparatory in Eugene. School of Music Piano, Voice. Violin, Wind Instruments, Harmony and Musical History. Summer School a Six Weeks' Course. School of Correspondence Study. The Fall Semester will Open Tuesday, September 12, 1916 Send for General Catalog or Special Bulletins. Address The Registrar, University of Oregon, Eugene the North Pacific Coast for the vaca- tion period. Entertainment features -will be many and varied. Every organization in .Seattle will have a special day at the Land Show. Eerullo's band, one of the great musical organizations of the coun- try, will be heard in (huly concerts, and tests, demonstralions, contests and other features will offer amuse- ment for old and young alike each day while the First Annual Land Show is in progress. The Exposition will be under the management of I). D. Olds, formerly manager of the Fair Hesper- ides at Wenatchee and assislant man- ager of the National .^jjple Show at Spokane. Manager Olds will furnish premium lists on request. Apples color and mature better, espe- cially on the lower limbs, if tlie growth under the trees is mowed down. Miss Catlin's Resident and Day School for Girls To occupy its new building this fall. Ample ground for athletic uses and a special provision for boarding students are attractive features of the new devel- opment. Girls prepared for Eastern as well as Western colleges and schools under a faculty of experienced Eastern teachers. Courses in Art, Music and Dramatic Art offered. All departments from the Montessori for little children through college pre- paratory and special courses for older girls provided. Numbers in the classes are kept small to allow careful supervision of each stu- dent's work. Catalofiitc sent ufion request to 161 Twenty-Third Street, PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING AintkTlsFK^ MiNTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 BETTER FRUIT Scpicuihcv BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON Oftidal Organ of The Xurthwest Fruit Growers' A.ssooialioii A Monthly Illustrated Magazine Published in the Interest of Modern Fniit Growing and Marketing All Communications Should Be Addressed and Remittances Made Payable to Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SIIEPAHD. Erliltir and riil.llsli.T STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON C. I. Lems. Hort icultiirist CoiTallis WASHINGTON Pr. A. L. Melancler. Entomologist Pullman O. M. jrorris. Horticulturist '. Pullman W. S. Tliornber. Horticulturist Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gillette. Director and Entomoloffi5t Fort Collins E. B. House. Chief of Department of Civil and Inigation Entiiiieering. State Agricultural College Fort Collins E. P. Taylor. Horticulturist Grand Junction UTAH Dr. E. D. Ball. Director and Entomologist Logan MONTANA O. B. Whipple, Horticulturist Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woodworth. Entomologist Berkeley W. H Volck. Entomologist Watsonville Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist Riverside INDIANA H. S. Jackson, Pathologist Lafayette BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winslow. Provincial Horticulturist Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: In the United States, $1.00 per year in advance Canada and foreign, including postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter Decemljer 27. Iiht6. at the PostofBce at Hood River. Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3. 1S79. The Apple and Pear Price for 1916.— The apple crop of the United States, according to the .government reiiort, in 1914 was 84,00(1,000 barrels; in 11)15, 76,000,000 barrels. The estimate at the present time is 72.000,(100 barrels. How- ever, no producing sections are re- ported with bumper crops. A great many districts are already reporting poor quality. Although the crop of 1915 was only 10 per cent less, accord- ing to the government report, than 1914, yet the Western apple grow-ers received nearly double the price. Apparently the price is not entirely a question of quantity. The season is not far enough advanced for fixing prices very defi- nitely. It is too early to get scared. It is too early to go crazy. The pear situation indicates pretty definitely to the fruit grower that the pear grower of the Northwest was not onto his .job. The pear market opened up on Bart- letts at 95 cents. Many were sold at this figure. Soon after, Bartletts ad- vanced to $1.75 and $2 per box. The canneries in California were paying $80 per ton. It is not meant by this that the fruit grower .should get foolish and hold for exorbitant prices. We- natchee started the ball rolling by sell- ing some cars of Extra Fancy apples at the following prices: Jonathan $1.15; Black Ben $1.10; Arkansas Black $1.35; Winesap $1.35, and Spitzenburgs $1.50. All f.o.b. Wenatchee. The season looks like a fair one for everyone to make good money on apples, including the grower and the .jobber, for the reason that the crop of the United States is not a bumper crop, for the reason that the quality is poor in some districts, and for the further reason that the business condition of the country is much im- proved over last year. However, this does not mean the grower should be luireasonable in his expectations or hold for too fancy figures. The apple grower will .show good .judgment if he takes into consideration the fact that there are a lot of apples in the United States and that in order to get the best prices out of them consumption must be started with the beginning of the season, and the consuming public sup- plied regularly each month throughout the season at prices which will invite buxing and create consumption, instead of prices thai will repel buying and prevent consumijtion. It is a case where caution and good judgment should rule in the beginning and pre- vail Ihidughout the season. In other words, ojiening prices should be such that will start immediate consumption and future prices should be governed entirely upon market conditions and how rapidly the apple crop moves. The Fruit Growers Agency and Apple Prices for 1910. — It is a well-known fact that some districts or some selling concerns can demoralize the apple markets on Northwest box aiiples very early, by going off half-shot and pre- venting others from getting market values. Such has happened in the past. There is no reason why it should hap- pen this year. In fact, there is every reason why prices .should not be un- necessarily low or high this year. Most of the important fruit selling con- cerns of the Northwest are alliliated with The Fruit (irowers Agency. It is the duty of each concern to send sales- men or representatives to attend the conferences, which should be held as frequently as the situation .justifies, for the purpose of discussing with and get- ting the benefit of each other's opinion and knowledge as to market values. Every selling concern can secure a lot of information on values and the opin- ions of others by attending these con- ferences, which will be a big help in determining apple values. It looks as though The Fruit Growers Agency has provided a ])ossible means for the apple growers of the Northwest to obtain market values for box apples, which is all they can ever get or all they can expect. The Ninth National Apple Shovs^. — Si)okane is always wide awake and original, with a bunch of business men willing to put up money for any prop- osition that will benefit the farming community and fruit growers of the surrounding territory. Spokane was the first city to realize fully the impor- tance of the fruit industry to the North- west, and to Spokane belongs the honor of originating and holding the first apple show that was ever held any- where in the world. A great many states in the I'nion have imitated Spo- kane by holding apple shows, and even the apple growers in Tasmania grew enthusiastic and held a wonderful apple show in 191(i, somewhat similar to the apple shows in Spokane. Spokane real- izes that many millions of dollars are invested in the apple industry of Ihe Northwest. Spokane knows that the Northwest has climate and soil to grow the finest apples in the world, Spokane knows that the induslrv has been suf- fering from a deiiression lai-gely due to the fad thai we did not fully under- stand the methods of distribution, in- creasing consumption, advertising the apple and salesmanship. Spokane in- tends to do her part by holding the Ninth National Apple Show, not only for the purpose of encouraging the in- dustry, but for the furtlier purpose of giving the growers from all sections of the Northwest an opportunity to attend the show and hear able .'■peakers upon many important subjects, partaking afterwards in the discussion, with a view to solving some of the problems, including marketing, that are interfer- ing with the success to which the apple growers are entitled. It is believed these problems can be solved. It is a sure thing that the conferences at the Spokane Apple Show will be a big fac- tor in helping to solve them. The most progressive business men of Spokane are back of this show financially; therefore it is assured it will be a suc- cess in every way. It is certainly entitled to the support of every fruit grower, and every fruit grower who can |)ossibly make an exhibit should do so. The railroads will make rates so low that no one can atftird not to attend the Ninth National Apple Show. The Washington State Fair. — The Washington State Fair will be held September 18 to 23 in North Yakima, in the center of one of the greatest farm- ing coiiinuinities of the world. It is stated that Yakima shi])ped 35,000 cars of farm products last year; about 5,000 of this was fruit. The fair being held in the miilst of this wonderful district is sullicient assurance for its success. The grounds are magnificent. The pa- vilion, with an immense floor space for exhibits, is a wonderful building. Ar- rangements are made for the stock exhibits, for the reason that an im- mense amount of stock is raised in Yakima. Every fair ever held in North Yakima has been a wonderful success, both in exhibits and attendance. Every fruit grower and farmer should attend this fair, for two reasons: because all of these wonderful exhibits are of great educational value, and because there is an opportunity of meeting fruit grow- ers and farmers from all over the coun- try, from whom they can obtain a lot of valuable information, learn of their personal experiences, ways and meth- ods of doing things. All of which is a great help. In addition to this everyone can be assured of a splendid time. The city of North Yakima is noted for its big-liearted, successful business men, so everyone can depend on a hospitable reception. The Oregon State Fair.— The Oregon State Fair will be held at Salem Sep- temjjer 25 to 30. This fair for many years has been recognized as one of the i)ig factors in the development and pro- motion of the farming and fruit indus- try of the State of Oregon, Ivvery show held at Salem has been a success. The Oregon State I'^air is particularly strong in stock exhibits, being located in one of Ihe oldest and best farming sections of the Northwest, which means there is always a splendid exhibit of farm pro- ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 15 ducts iuiil farm macliinery. The Wil- lamette Valley being the oldest fruit section of the Northwest also means that the fiiiit displays are not only very attractive, l)ut hi,ghly educational. The pavilion for exhibition purjioscs is very large, situated in a beautiful grove. The grove is a big attraction, providing camping grounds for families who de- sire to bring their tents and camp out during the fair. This fair is entitled to the support of the farmers and fruit growei's of the State of Oregon. They should show their encouragement by making exhibits, if possible, and noth- ing but sickness on the part of any farmer or fruit grower should be sulTi- cient excuse for not attending. The railroads will make very low rates on return tickets. The Xorttiwest Land Products Expo- sition. — Seattle, always an enterprising city, when the Alaska business was being developed held a wonderful ex- position known as the Alaska-Yukon- Pacific Exposition, and now, in realiza- tion of the fact that the Northwest is dependent primarily and largely upon its land products, will hold a show to be known as the Northwest Land Products Exposition, in Seattle October 4 to 14. This exposition is entitled to the sup- port of all of our farming sections in the way of exhibits. Every fruit grower and farmer who can exhibit should do so, and no one should fail to attend. The show will contain many exhibits which will be instructive, educational and well worth seeing. The Northwest Land Products Exposition is entitled to the fullest support of all the business interests, because the business interests are dependent in a large measure, in the Northwest, on land products. The Northwestern Fruit Exchange, under date of August 21, states that, largely through their efforts, Mr. Rob- inson, trafhc manager of the North- western Fruit Exchange, has been working earnestly with the railroad officials for securing ffie ])rivilege of "Diversion of Fruit Shipments After Arrival at Destination," and are pleased to announce that Mr. F. L. Norman, general agent of the Grand Trunk Railway at Scatlle, has advised them that on his line this wiif be ctrecfive in the near future. The Northwestern Fruit Exchange states that much credit is due Captain Paul H. Wcyraucli of the Fruit (irowers Agency for co-operation along this line. The Round-up. — Pendleton will hold its annual Round-up September 21 to 23. This show is one of the most novel, interesting and lively of any of its kind that has been hefd anywhere in the world. l']veryone who has ever attended one of these Round-up sfiows has come back full of enthusiasm, stating it is the most wonderful ffiing they have seen. Every fruit grower and farmer who is going to take a few days olf this year, if he likes fun ;uid good sport, shoufd attend Hie Pendleton Round-u|>. ft wilt be a thriller. We carry in Portland Stock Labels for Apples and Pears. Send for samples ATTRACTIVE We make Special Designs for all kinds of labels FRUmiABELS REASONABLE M^PHPBt MfiMSMflMij"' 1 The Merchants' Cold Storage Co. CAPITAL STOCK, $200,000 The House of Right Temperature and Humidity The House that Gives Quick Service The House that Makes Liberal Advances The House for You to Store Your Goods In Refer to Security National Bank 300-302-304-306 Third Avenue North A. D. ELLIS, President and Manager MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Spend a Nickle and Save a Dime Use Peerless Duplex Strapping ON YOUR Shipping Boxes and (1) You will prevent pilfering. (2) You will prevent damage in handling. No. 3 Peerless Duplex Strapping in coils of 6,500 feet each— $14.63 per coil with liberal discount. No. 3 Duplex Strapping is made of high grade Cold Rolled Steel of considerable tensile strength and pliability. The turned edge protects the packer's hands; the knurled center prevents the nail from slipping while being driven. Discounts and Information from Pacific Coast Representatives A. C. RULOFSON CO. No. 359 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California TWISTED WIRE AND STEEL CO. 515-521 Greenwich Street, New York, N. Y. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER ERUIT Page 1 6 BETTER FRUIT DENNEY & CO CHICAGO Specialize in Box Apples and Other Western Fruits We're ready to talk business with those having good fruit. Write or wire us what you have to offer, or communicate with F. H. HOGUE, North Yakima, Wash. WANTED! One Hundred Cars of Red Apples for our Southern and Export Trade Albert Mackie Co., New Orleans, La. Fruit Prices Are Soaring We Have the Trees M^ Plnviio^' Do what you should have done mr. reamer, ^j^^.^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ a commercial orchard bordered with the j Vrooman Strain Franquette English Walnut \Mr. Salesman, write us the territory. Capital City Nursery Company SALEM, OREGON September In-Transit Rates. — There is a grow- ing demand on the part of the apple growers in the Northwest for in-transit rates. Already a number of in-transit rales have been made, enabling the fruitgrowers to use cold storage facili- ties in St. Paul, Chicago, Kansas City, Buffalo, New York and other points, but many other important cities are 'not included, among which may be men- tioned Indianapolis, Columbus, Cincin- nati, Cleveland and Vincennes. This is a matter that is worthy of attention from everyone who is interested. It is a well-known fact that it is a big ad- vantage to the fruitgrower to have his apples stored in as many points as pos- sible which are at or near big consum- ing sections. Cold storage is an abso- lute necessity in the East and also a necessity in the West, for the reason that the total apple crop cannot be sold at harvesting season and in order to realize the best possible prices it must be cold stored and sold to the public as the consumer requires. "Handling Fruit for Distant Markets" is the subject of a very interesting article in this issue and one which should command the attention of every fruitgrower. There is no question but that much poor condition on arrival is due to improper handling and harvest- ing of fruit more than any other one factor, causing an immense annual loss. By improper handling usually is meant rough handling. Improper handling, however, may be extended to picking too early or picking too late. h. few years ago the loss on arrival in shipments of oranges was a serious menace to the business. Grow- ers were not aware of this fact until the government carried on an investi- gation under the direction of G. Harold Powell, who discovered that the rough handling of oranges bruised the skin sulFicienlly to break it, and wherever this occurred mould and decay set in, causing millions of dollars of loss annu- ally. There is nothing more important than proper and careful handling of fruit at harvesting time. The Apple Crop of 1916.— The Cham- ber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C, has issued under date of August 14 a statement in refer- ence to the apple crop now in sight, saying that the cro]) will be somewhat more abundant than the average crop, though deficient in some sections. Further information about other varie- ties of fruit says: Grapes are doing well in New York and California; peach shiijments have been good from many states, although in some states injured by cold; citrus fruits reported in line conditon. Shipments on canta- loupes and watermelons liave been run- ning very heavy. Information from Michigan states they are on the road to standardization and expect to present at the Stale Society meeting at Grand Hapids a draft for standardization, somewhat sindar tn the New York classification. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 1/ Cut Your Apple Storage Cost We have a modem up-to-the-minute cold storage plant with tracks running right into the building cutting cost of hand- ling to the minimum. Most Accessible Point for Supplying South Dakota, Iowa and Minnessota Trade Territory UNIFORM TEMPERTURE MAINTAINED Won't cost you anything to get our figures and we may save you money. Ask us about it. HALEY-NEBIvEY CO.,SiotixFalls,S.D. The SHOTWELL This machine patented May 11, 1915. Patent No. 113S985. Any infringement will be prosecuted. Is desitnied to print all the stamps required on a box of apples or other fruit at one stroke, in perfect alignment, saving time and labor. The niarliiiie jiriuls the box to hmk a.s follnws: 125 EXTRA FANCY WINESAP 40LBS.NET JOHN DOE W[NATCHEE. WASH. It eliniinalts untidiness and unevenness in marking. Saves limo in picking up five different stamps separately, as all these stamps are placed on a wheel and the entire marking of the bos. as shown above, is done in one movement and as quickly as one stamp is put on W the old method. The machine works auto- matically and is self-inking. The Shotwell Box Marlnng Machine is a device that saves labor, does it neatb' with dispatch. Made to be attached to any open end press and can be adjusted to mark any standard fruit box of any variety, apples, pears, peaches, oranges and lemons, etc. It is made of malleable iron, assembled ready for use. With eacli machine is included, without extra charge, eighteen number stamps, three grade stamps, one net weight stamp, one two-Une grower's address stamp, ten variety stamps and an ink pad. Price, neatly packed ready for shipment, $15.00, f.o.b. Wenatchee, Washington. For full descriptive illustrated catalog and further particular' write Shotwell & Wilmeroth WENATCHEE, WASH. The Opportunity of the Fruit Grower The Fruit Growlers' Agency, Incorporated By Paul H. Weyrauch, President, Walla Walla, Washington TO fili ;i need which no other organ- ization in the Northwest has been able to till, The Fruit drowers Agency, Incorporated, was organizetl. The grow- ers and business men of the Northwest have long realized that the lack of co- operation and organization between the districts has resulted in cutting down the protits of the grower. Last year the growers and business men of the Northwest petitioned the Federal Government to lend ex])crt ad- vice and aid in the establishment of some form of organization to reniedx' this condition. Three experts were sent to the Northwest by the Oflice of Markets and Hural Organization to in- vestigate conditions. They conferred with men active in every branch of tlie fruit game and suggested a plan which resulted in the organization of The Fruit Growers Agency, Incorporated, at Si)okane, Washington, on March 24, 1910. The F'ruit Growers Agency, Incorpor- ated, was organized to aid and protect the grower. It controls over 75 per cent of the Northwestern apple crop and has among its members nineteen of the largest selling agencies of the North- west. Thus the grower, by working through this organization, is able to handle problems too large for any one district. This new organization projjoses to su])ervise a uniform contract between grower and selling agent. It endeavors to bring about a standardization of packing methods throughout the North- west. It collects infoinialion as to crop conditions, shipments and markets, and distiibutes such to its nuMubers. The Agency is dealing wiifli problems of transportation. In this, as in other matters, co-operation makes it easy to handle problems which would other- wise go unsolved. One of the important activities of the Agency is the development of foreign markets. One district or one company cannot do this. It requires the North- west working as a unit to get results. Another activity of this organization which is of particular importance to the grower is the standardization of the form of account sales to be used by shipping organizations in making re- ports to the grower. Through the use of such a form the grower can make a true comparison of the net returns and the services rendered by the different organizations. The fruit growers of the Northwest should realize that The F'ruit Growers Agency, Incorporated, presents the opportunity of a lifetime. It enables growers, selling agencies and districts to co-operate as never before, and it enables the fruit industry of the North- west to receive the assistance of the I'ederal Ollice of Markets and Rural Organization. Since the funds of this government department are limited and aid is extended only to the sections showing the most interest, it is now up to the fruit growers to avail themselves of this opportunity to co-operate and show the government that this section profits by its aid. The ollicers and trustees of The Fruit Growers Agency are as follows: Paul H. Weyrauch, president; J. B. Adams, vice president ; P. R. Parks, temporary secretary. Trustees: .1. B. Adams, Wenatchee, Washington; E. W. Ross, North Yak- ima, Washington; C. H. Swigart, North Yakima, Washington; P. R. Parks, Spo- kane, Washington; Wihner Sieg. Hood River, Oregon; W. F. Gwin, Seattle, Washington; Paul H. Weyrauch, \YalIa Walla, ^Vashington; D. L. Ingard, Pay- ette, Idaho; W. M. Sackett, Hamilton, Montana; B. W. Johnson, Corvallis, Oregon. The executive officers of the Agency are located at Blalock Station, near \Valla Walla, Washington, where Presi- dent Paul H. Weyrauch is working with the aid of the Giovernment Oflice of Markets. Oregon State Fair The 1910 Oregon State Fair will be "educational" in the strictest and broad- est sense of the term, and no pains, labor or reasonable expense is being spared by the board of directors and Secretary-Manager A. II. I.ea to make of it the biggest, cleanest and best State F'air in every respect in the fifty-five years' history of the instlution. One of the first innovations which the board put into effect, in organizing for this year's exhibition, was to abol- ish the old system of departmental superintendents and lo place every de- partment under the direct charge and supervision of a member of the board. This change was inaugurated for the dual i)uri)osc of arousing greater per- Page i8 BETTER FRUIT September The Paris Fair HOOD RIVER'S LARGEST AND BEST STORE RETAILERS OF EVERYTHING TO WEAR AGENTS FOR HAMILTON & BROWN AND THE BROWN SHOES HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES MANHATTAN SHIRTS JOHN B. STETSON HATS NEMO CORSETS Strictly Cash— One Price to All NORTH BANK ROAD A PLEASANT ROUTE EAST Along the Grand Canyon of the Colum- bia, the Rim of the Great Snake River Canyon and the American Wonderlands, Yellowstone or Glacier Parks. Summer Round-Trip Fares Daily Until September 30 Direct or Through California. Direct Via CaHI. Chicago . . $72.50 $90.00 St. Louis 71.20 88.10 Kansas City 60.00 77.50 Detroit . . 83.50 101.00 Denver . 55.00 72.50 Circle Trips to Canadian Rockies. $32.00 Round Trip to San Francisco Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, S.S. Northern Pacific and Great Northern Hawaiian Cruise S.S. Great Northern, November 7 R. H. CROZIER. A. G. P. A. Portland, Oregon sonal interest and creating a liner sense of duty and responsibility in every sin- gle member of the board, to create a friendly spirit of competition between them and bring about the best results possible with the highest standard of cfllciency consistent witli economy. Under this arrangement it fell to the lot of J. E. I^evnolds, the new member of the board from L'nion County, to be assigned to tbe agricidtural and horti- cultural deijartments, two of the most important responsibilities involved in a big institution of the chaiacter which the new board is promoting. It is tlie duty of these departmental heads to loolv after the details of space allotment and arrangement and to lend every en- couragement toward securing a thor- oughly representative exhibit in their respective departments, and each and every one of them is taking hold and making such splendid progress that it w'ill tax the available space to the utmost to accommodate the exhibits already secured and in prospect. This is especially true in the agricul- tural and horticultural departments, which, under the most active and elli- cient direction of Mr. Reynolds, are already assuming record-breaking pro- l)oitions. He is making a most thor- ough canvass of every section and com- munity of the state, to arouse interest in the different comi)etitive exhibits, particularly in the county and individ- ual products' exhibits, and he reports splendid success. Already eighteen of the thirty-live counties of the state have decided to make county exhibits in the new pavilion, a greater number than has ever before exhibited at one time, and several others still have the matter under favorable consideration. In the horticultural department there will be the largest, most elaborate and thoroughly rejnesentative exhibit of fruits ever brought together under one roof in Oregon since the Lewis & Clark Elxposition. Every growers' and pack- ers' association in the Willamette, Rogue, Cmpqua, .John Day, North Pow- der and Hood River Valleys, and other fruit glowing sections of the state, have either made arrangements for space and are preparing their exhibits or are mak- ing arrangcmnets to do so, and there are scores of individual growers who have signilied their intention of enter- ing the individual farm products com- ])etition, "The State Fair, properly organized and conducted, is the best educative agency in existence and it should have the undivided and uni)re,judiced support and co-operation of every citizen of the state," said Secretary-Manager A. H. Ix'a at a recent meeting of the board of directors. "Every county in the state should consider itself in duty bound to other portions of the state and to pos- terity to make a com|)lete exhibit of its resources and ])roducts at the .State l-'air, not only from an educational but fi'oni an advertising standjjoint. Every exhibit sent to the State Fair, whether animal, vegetable or loaf of bread, should carry its lesson in thrift and ijrogress, and every person who at- tends the Fair should come with the expectation of being benefdted from both a moral and educational vicwiioint. It is decidedly a state institution and every loyal citizen should put his .shoulder to the wheel and boost for it." APPLES are our main specialty the year round — we handle on commission basis. Most of our trade is among retailers and high class jobbers. We desire to hear from individual growers and associations who have good fruit, and who know how to put it up so as to co-operate in building a reputation with the best buyers in Chicago and in other Eastern markets. If you don't know of our policy — our reputation — please write us for names of growers and shippers on the Pacific coast who have dealt with us, and who will be glad to answer your inquiries. Market information promptly and cheerfully furnished at all times. We employ no traveling men — we wait your coming to us, and it's worth your effort to get in touch with us. C.H.Weaver &Co. CHICAGO, ILL. Established 1863 DAWGERjMYERg TREE DISEASE IS PREVENTABLE BY SPRAYING MYERS WAY SPRAY PUMPS FOR SPRAYING PAINTING OR DISINFECTING To the man experienc- ed In fruit gowing Fail ySpraying means _ ^healthy trees that will require but little more care the followiog spring, pall is the season to success- fully fight scale and similar trees dis- eases by spraying, and you want the best equipment obtainable for this worK.. MYERS Will fill the bill, and whether your orchards are extensive or include but a few trees there Is a MYERS OUT- FIT that will Just fit your needs. Myers Sproy Pumps are also adopted for painting, disinfecting and similar work. The Myers Line Includes Bucket. Barrel and Power Pumps and Complete Outfits with such improvements a sour patented easy operating Cog Gear l-|«ad on Hand Pumps ond Autonnatic Pressure Control- Pumps — You get these Dthcr exclusive fcoturcs ou purchase a MYERS, today forlargc Catalog- free and a postal will bring it to your door. F.E.MYERS&BRO. Vv'nO, 120DRANGE ST. ASHLAND -OHIO. Mow the tall weeds and sunuiuM- grasses in the orchard, allowin.g them to lie as a mulch imder the trees. My Magazine FREE For Six Months INVESTING FOR PROFIT Send nie voiir name and arlilress rlRht NOW and I will send you INVESTING FOR PROFIT magazine absolutely free for six niontha. It tells liow to get tho tilniiiat earnings frora your money — how to tell K'tod iiivt^slinents— how to pick tlie most profitable of smmd Invest inentB. It reveals liow capUalisla mahe $1,000 grow to $22,000— In fact glvee you the vital iiuostins iiifonnalion that should enable you to make your money grow proportionately. I have de- cided this month to give fiOC six-montlis subscriptions tL> IXVKSTING FOR I'UOFIT free. Eve-ry copy 1b Z:^^!:^ I WORTH AT LEAST $10.00 to every investor— perhaps a fortime. Send your name and address now, mention tills paper and get a free Introductory subscription. Conditions may prevent re- peating this otTer. Better take It now. You'll be willing to pay lUc a copy after you Iiave read it six months. H. L. Barber. Pub., 533-30 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago WHEN WRIT] NT, ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ^9^6 BETTER FRUIT Fruit Crop Estimate August 1, 1916 [Office of Information, U. S. Department of Agriculture.] Page 19 Apples — Apple prospects improved more or less during July in the Atlantic Coast states, also in the Pacific Coast states, but declines in nearly all the Central states, the decline being due largely to the dry hot weather. The August 1 forecast for the entire United States is 71,r)(l(),(l(IO barrels, which com- pares with an estimated production last year of /(i, 7(10,0(10 barrels and in the preceding five years a vearly average of (id.OdO.OOO barrels. Thus the crop as a whole will probably be smaller than last year's big crop, but somewhat larger than an average crop. Condi- tions vary, however, in different sec- tions. In the New England states 4,864,- 000 barrels are forecast, compared with 2,852,000 last year. Baldwins are re- ported to be short, however. In New York the forecast is 12,002,000 barrels, compared with 8,528,000 last year, and in Pennsylvania 6,562,000, compared with 5,085,000 last year. It thus ap- pears tliat the North Atlantic states will have materially more apples than last year; slightly more are also indicated in Maryland, West Virginia and North Carolina. In Virginia, however, the forecast of 4,180,000 is slightly less than last >ear's crop of 4,303,000 barrels. In all the Central states except Michigan the forecast is for smaller ^■ields than last year; Ohio 4,028,000 barrels, com- pared with 5,084,000; Indiana 1,867,000, compared with 3,883,000; Illinois 1,921,- 000, compared with 4,71(),000; Iowa 1,71.5,000, compared with 3,225,000; Mis- souri 3,520,000, compared with 6,287,- 000; Kentuckv 2,656,000, compared with 4,170,000; Arkansas 1,143,000, compared with 1,183,000. In Michigan, however, the forecast is an increase, being 4,810,- 000, compared with 3,150,000. Also in the Pacific Northwest the forecast is for larger yields than last year, except in Idaho. Next month the Bureau of Crop Esti- mates will forecast the production of the more important varieties of apples this year. Peaches — A short crop of peaches is indicated by conditions on August 1, the forecast of production being only 40.300,000 bushels, compared with an estimated production of 63,500,000 bush- els last year and 43,800,000, the average of the preceding live years. The crop is shorter than last year in every im- portant producing state except Indiana and Illinois. The shortage is relatively greater in the Southern states than in the Northern states. Thus the August 1 forecast and last year's estimated pro- duction, respectively, in important states, are: (ieorgia, 3,711,000 bushels and 5,330,000 bushels; Alabaina, 1,365,- 000 and 2,640,000; North Carolina 1,081,- 000 and 1,!).55,0(I0; Tennessee. 1,330,000 and 2,160,000; Arkansas, 2,018.000 and 5.040.(100; Missouri, 1,320,000 and 3.300,- 000; Kentucky, 1,238,0(10 and 1,320,000; Illinois. 1,132,000 and 871,000; Michigan, 2,0()5,(I00 and 2,.360,00(l; New York, 1,350,000 and 2,106,000. Grapes — Crops show a decline of about 2 per cent to an August 1 condi- tion of 80.8, being an improvement of 1 in New York, a decline of 3 in Penn- sylvania, a decline of 10 down to 75 per cent in Michigan, with condition still lower in the commercial belt, and aver- age declines of 5 to 10 in other North Central states. The California condi- tion declined from 83 to 82. The pres- ent average for the United States is 80.8. 4 below the ten-year average and 4.5 below last year at this date. Pears — Pears show a condition of 59 on August 1, compared with 60.8 on July 1, being now 2.2 below the ten- year average, and 3 below last year's condition on this date. The crop in New York is the same. In the other Central Atlantic states it is somewhat lower. In the North Central group east of the Mississippi conditions have fallen off from an average of 63.4 to a present condition of 56.6. In the .Southern states they have slightly declined, while in California a slight improvement is recorded. Zerolene at ttie Front. The local Standard Oil agent recently received from J. E. Balsley, district sales manager of the Standard Oil Company at Phoenix, a report on the operation of the government automo- biles and trucks along the Mexican border. "A great many of these machines," writes Mr. Balsley, "are being lubri- cated with Zerolene oil. The intense heat and great amount of low gear work necessary in the sand make per- haps the best test possible of a motor oil. I am glad to report that Zerolene is doing the work in fine shape. Due to its asphalt-base origin, it keeps its lubricating value under the most trying heat conditions, and none of the ma- chines have been at all bothered with carbon deposits in the cylinders." Watson-viilf., July 11, 191fi. Editor Th'tter Fiiiil: While in Hood River recently I discussed with you the question of the restriction of the shipment of flisease-infested fi-uit to tlie mar- kets of California. You told uie, if you re- member, that you woulti be s'ad to assist as far as possible, esijccinlly in the matter of a bitterness of feeling -which I encoimtered in certain sections. This feelinff of resentment is, no doubt, due to a nnsunderstanding of the real attitude of the (lalifoi-nia growers. It seems to be the general impression in some places that we are attempting to exclude all grades of apples. This is not the ease. CaliffU'uia is a splendid market for the belter fiualily of fruit from the Noi'thwest and there is n<^ intention rtr liesiie to interfere in any way with this legitimate business, but we (lo object, and iighl>'. to the dumping of a certain grade of apples which were shipped in last season under various names to disguise the real one — culls. These came here in all sorts of containers, crates, sacks, and. I regret to say, in many instances in standard boxes, with disastrous results not only lo the orrhardists here but lo your own as well. 11 should nf)l retpiii-e a great deal of argu- ment lo convince the shippers of Oregon and Washinglon of Ihe lolly 'Wr-^!^^0-* Main St., Higganum, Conn. OV \i w^ This Dentblfi __ Action Hary.nv saz'es one disking WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT FRANQUETTES AND fVTAYETTES GRAFTED Splendid stock of the above. Large trees, best and purest strain. Prices on application. TABLE GROVE NURSERIES, Healdsburg,Cal. \\HEN WRITING APVF.KTISERS MENTION BFTTLR FRl'IT igi6 NO-BRUZE I The most practical fruit picker ^ ever invented. Will cut the ! stems of Apples, Oranges, ■ Peaches, etc., without touching I the fruit, which falls into the s cloth tube and is caught by the j hand. All fruit within reach. [Light yet strong; easily operat- [ed; polished hard Maple handle; .tempered, steel blade; j guaranteed. Complete 4-ft. 6-ft. ft. 10-ft.. 12-tt. Price $1.50 1.75 . 2.00 2.25 . 2.50 Ask your deal- er or remit di- rect and your order will be "^-] filled by Parcel I Post. L If.a.schwartfagerI 3741 Broadway. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Rides Like An Auto W The New Patented Harvey Bolster Springs are'^ Fmade just like the finest automobile springs. Theyl F absorb all the bumps, jars and jerks ol loueh, uneven 1 I roails, and change an ordinarT wagoa into ac easy- I riding spring wagon. A set on your wagoo will enalile 1 you togetyour perishable produce to market in first class condmonalways. InsistonHar- vey's. If yourdealer can t supply you write us for (ree catalog and price list. Harvey Spring Co.,784-17th SI., Riclne.Wis J^^^ ^ SEPARATORS. 1™^^™ SPREADERS.TRACTORS -pairefrp^ cataloe tells PoaJ My i^O-pairerrp^ cataloe tells y why 1 sell direct to user, at whok Bale, these and other imple menta. built in my own (ac "v-,^ at Water|.x>. at priet-s one- tJiird to one-half LESS than you usu- ally pay for first-class Rtxida, All 'sizes, styli-9 and pricea of aeparat.ir ensinesand spreaders. My Fannol,,.^. tractor) ha9 no equal for eimplicity and efficiency. State what you need. 260,000 cuatomera testify ' quality of the Galloway ' trft^An U,'*.^P.. t.-.^'k.p r^*. *,^ Sproaders goods, Writi- t"d,iv fnr your f i t-i- »w— . ■ v u»r copy of Una wunJerful book of bargains for farm Se4.7S up WM. GALLOWAY, Pros.. WM. GALLOWAY CO 1067 Galloway Station Walorloo, ' — Iowa. \ THIS PRESS MAKES GREATER APPLE PROFITS / / The Monarch Hydraulic Cider Press is suitable for both Individual and merchant service. With it you can work up all the culls into profitable cider. Our celebrated hlsh pres- sure design, combined with minute accuracy in construction, producvs maximum quantity o( juice from the apples with low opi'iating expense. Monarch Presses are built In sizes having capac- ities from IS to 400 barrels a day. eo-patje Press Catalogue explaining the numerous exclusive Monarch features sent free on request. Write fortius instructive book to-day. Western Farquhar Machinery Co. 30 8 E. Salmon St., Portland. Ore. HV also -rs. 1\,U vanufact-ure Engines. Saw Mills. Ti tn Djnfu^^ Groin Drilln. Cultimtar BETTER FRUIT presidents in charge of operation. But .vour coniiiiitlee desires to mention particularly the support given by the General Freight Agents of the Union Pacific, the Rock Island, the North- western, the Milwaukee and one Assist- ant General Freight Agent of the C, B. & Q. Your committee was received most cordially by the different railroad offi- cals and they listened most attentively to the arguments put forth for the elimination of the peddler cars. The committee desires to mention particu- larly that, in the conferences with the railroads, no threats of reprisal were used or at any time found necessary. The greatest co-operation was given by the railroads and all they asked of your committee was logical reasons why the peddler cars should be eliminated. Some opposition developed on the part of the State Railway Commissions, probably at the instigation of some grower or association. The State Rail- way Commission of Nebraska sus- pended the tarifl's carrying the prohi- bition against peddling, and the hear- ing was held at Lincoln, Nebraska, be- fore the Railway Commission. A decision was rendered, but we have not yet received a copy of it. We un- derstand the State Railway Commission of Montana suspended the C, B. & Q. tariff, but we have no advice as to what action was taken in that case. The Public Utility Commission of Illinois suspended the C, B. & Q. tarift' in Illi- nois, and your chairman attended the hearing before the examiner, appointed by the commission, and is pleased to re- port that all the evidence adduced at that hearing was in favor of eliminat- ing the peddler. No protests had been made against the adoption of the tarilT, but Ihe examiner explained that the conimissison suspended the tariff so they could hold a hearing and ascer- tain the attitude of the railroads toward regular jobbers, commission merchants and brokers. We expect a favorable decision from the commission. The Interstate Commerce Commission was requested by the Iowa Commerce Council and one of the State Railway Commissioners of the State of Iowa to suspend the tariffs, but they took no action, which indicates that the Intre- sfate Commerce Commission is in favor of any reasonable action by the railroads to induce the prompt unload- ing of cars after arrival at destination, thereby keeping the cars in service. It is reasonable to assume that railroad cars were built for the purpose of trans|)orling commerce and were not intended to be used as retail store- rooms or warehouses. Your committee questioned its .juris- diction to appeal to railroads operating east of Chicago to eliminate the peddling practice, and having ascer- tained that the National League of Commission Merchants is opposed to Ihe iK'ddling evil, your cominitlce has taken the proposition up with Mr. French, the business manager of the league, with a recpiest that they co- operate with our association and fur- flier request that they appoint a com- Page 21 Motor oil made from asphalt-base crude gives best lubrication with least carbon. Such is the testi- mony of motor- ists and experts alike. As Lieut. Bryan, U.S. N.,putsit:"Oilsmadefroin the asphalt-base crudes have shown themselves to be much better adapted to motor cylinders, as far as their carbon-forming proclivities are concern- ed, than are paraf fine-base Pennsylvania oils." Zerolene is scientifically refined from selected California crude — as- phalt-base — not only made from the right crude but made right. Dealers everywhere and at service stations and agencies of the Standard Oil Company. ZEROLENE tSi» Shiidafd Oit^HohtQn SUPERINTENDENT — soon open for position. Large orchard or farm. Practical and technical. Long experience. Deal only with owners. Address C. S., care "Better Fruit." yoD ROSES au'/m/f Year TALL ' PLANTING I :^LANTS^ 64page FALL Cdtdloj Listing the best new and the foputar stan- dard varieties. Ask for CATALOG No, 201 Portland. Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 22 BETTER FRUIT September Ridley,Houlding&Co. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON Points to remember when consigning apples to the London Market 1— We Specialize in Apples 2— All Consignments Receive our Personal Attention 3.-The Fruit is Sold by Private Treaty CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON FRUIT CROW[IIS AND ASSOCIATIONS: Please keep us in mind regarding the marketing of your APPLES and other fruits. If you haven't already arranged for selling your crop we would appreciate your writing to us at once stating fully what you have. Our Mr. W. C. Michaels is now stationed at Wenatchee, Wash. Crutchf ield, Woolfolk & Clore CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 11 West So. Water St. J. & H. GOODWIN, Ltd. Apple Importers Commercial Sales Room, Deansgate, Manchester, England Floral Street, Covent Garden Market, London, England Fruit Exchange, Victoria Street, Liverpool, England Humber Dock Street, Hull, England AMERICAN ADDRESSES: 97 Warren Street, New York, N. Y. 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts Consignments and Correspondence Solicited mittee at their annual convention at Indianapolis this week to co-operate with our comittee on the peddling evil. In this way the influence that can be brought to bear on the railroads will be greater and the proposition will be broadened into one of national im- portance. Below is a record of the railroads that have already adopted the prohibi- tion against peddling: Missouri, Kan- sas & Texas Ry.; Texas Central; White Falls Lines; Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio Ry.; Houston East & West Texas Ry; Texas & New Orleans Ry.; Trinity Brazos Valley Ry.; St. Louis Southwestern Ry.; San Antonio, Arkan- sas Pass Ry. ; Kansas City, Mexico & Orient Ry.; International (ircal North- ern Ry; Texas I'acilic Hy.; Beaumont, Sour Lake & Western Ry. ; Brownwood North & South Ry.; Paris & Great Northern Ry.; Ft. Worth, Rio Grande Ry.; San Benito & Rio Grande By.; Orange & Northwestern Ry.; St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Ry.; St. Louis, San Francisco & Texas By.; Gulf, Colo- rado & Santa Fe By.; Missouri Pacific By.; St. Louis, Iron Mountain & South- ern Ry.; Atchison, To|)eka iS: Santa Fe Ry.; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Ry.; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry.; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.; Great Northern Ry. ; Union Pacific Ry.; Chicago, North-Western Ry. There are a number of other lines that have signified their intention to adopt the prohibition against peddling shortly. Two or three are holding off to see what lines that are competitors of theirs will do. As many of the larger lines have now taken action, it should be an easy matter to get the others to come into line. GROSS POWDE + The Original and Largest Selling Farm Explosive Why use expensive l.igh power dynamites when tliis slower, safer farm powder will save you from } J to IS per hundred pounds and in most farm uses do better wor-L' DIG BOOK FREE As pioneers antl leaders in developing fr.rmin'; with e:;p!os:vrs our Ijooklet j ives the latest, i"Ost reliable and best illus- trated instructions. \ r'te for H.^ND BOOK OF EXPLOSr.'ES No. 338-F. DEALERS WANTED We want live dealers in towns still open. Ciet the orders resulting from our adver- tisms. ^ ou need not carry nor handle stock. State jobber's name or bank reference when writing. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Established 1 SO: U'urld's larg'st makers of jartn explosives Wilmington, Delaware Brave the wind ^o^zn-s ^ND STORM ;^;5jg^^,5 irv tkc best wci %«BRN^^^ woatKer togs ever ii\vci\tea ih« FISH BRAND REFLEX SLICKER (PATENTED)^ '^00 > PROTECTOR HAT 75* Dedlers cverywhorc / 0\ir 80ti year. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQl6 BETTER FRUIT Page 3? PASTE PICK 'UP GUM, for use on'Knapp labeling machines (very adhesive) CEMENT, for use on Burt labeling machines. LABELING GUM, for use on all bottle labeling machines. CELLULOID TIN LABELING PASTE, a RUST proof tin labeling paste. TRANSPARENT PASTE, for bottle or jar labeling. PALO ALTO PASTE POWDER— three pounds added to cold wrater makes two gallons fine white paste for all labeling work, or a RIBBON paste for labeling machines. Extensively used by canners and fruit packers. Manufacturers of Paste and Adhesives for All Purposes Office: 351 Eighth Street, San Francisco Robinson Chemical Works Canning Without Sugar By J. S. Caldwell, By-Products Specialist, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington AS a consfi|ucnce of the rapiil rise in cost of sugar, many house- wives who usually prepare their own canned fruits, |)reserves, jams and jellies are permitting ciicap and abun- dant crops of fruit to go to waste rather than purchase the sugar necessary to preserve it by their usual methods. \Yherever this is the case, winter sup- plies of canned fruits must be pur- First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MOE - - E. O. BLANCHAR President - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System Tarred Berry Twine For tying Lagonberry, Raspberry and Black- berry vines or other small fruits and shrubs to trellises, stakes or supports. A single Tarred Yarn, about 400 feet to the pound, put up in 5-lb. balls, 10 balls to the sack. The time will soon be at hand for cleaning up berry patches and getting vines and shrub- bery in suitable condition for another year. Sold by All Dealers Handling Orchard Supplies MANl!F.\CTl!Ri:i) BY The Portland Cordage Co. PORTLAND, OREGON chased later at a cost greater than that of home production, or the diet of the familj- must be restricted with danger of injury to health. Many housewives are api)arently unaware that practically all fruits may be successfully canned without the use of sugar. Such fruit preserves more of the natural apjiear- ance and flavor than does fruit put up in heavy sugar syrup, is fully as palat- able and much more easily digested, is in heller condition for use in cooking and is available for all purposes for which fruit canned in syrup could be used. A heavy sugar syrup aids in a slight degree in preventing the growth of the yeasts and bacteria which cause spoilage, but perfect sterilization makes its use unnecessary. Fruits may be canned without the use of sugar by any method which the liousewife is accustomed to use, but in every case the following rules should be observed: (1) Fruit to be used for canning should be firm, not over-ripe, and free from decay. Vegetables should be young and tender. To attempt to use very dirty, over-ripe or decayed fruit, or old, tough vegetables is to in- vite failure, since it is very didicult to sterilize such materials. (2) .lars should be tested by paitially Idling with watei-, adjusting rubbers, tightening covers, in- verting and shaking. (.3) ,lars, cover.s, rubbers, spoons, cups, funnel and all utensils which are used in canning must be placed in a pan of cold water deep enough to cover them, placed on the stove and boiled for 21) minutes. .\lIo\v them to remain in the hot water until needed for use. This will pre- vent sul)se(|uenf breakage and will in- sure perfect steiilizalion. (I) lUibbers should never be used a second lime. (.")) The neck of Ihe jar should nevei- be wiped oil' before sealing, as the cloth will almost cei'lainly leave baclcria or Neasts in the jar. The cold-pack method has rapidly come into .general favor, since it pre- serves more of the natural color, ap- pearance and flavor of the fruit, and also saves the time, energy and labor of the operator. It requires no special equipment other than a washboiler, lard can or other deep vessel with flat bottom and tightly fitting cover. Make a false bottom of wire netting or light wooden slats, nailed to cross pieces and "Francis Type" Fruit Grading Machines and Picking Bags Write for Information Western Fruit Grader and Mfg. Company Grand Junction, Colorado Come and Live and Prosper ORCHARDING in NEVADA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA the Grand-Phje Winning Home o( Ihe Barlletl Pear pLIMATE ideal for fruit-raising— idc.il for y health. Altitude (2500 feet) just right for healthy orchards and healthy orchardists. There's money in Bartlett Pears and Nevada County, Calilornia, grows the best in the world. Won llw highest award at the Panama- Pacific Internationa/ Exposition. Ij Land values have not been boosted sky-high here. Good acreage along the railroad costs hut $40-only $100 just outside the city. Write for literature to CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Grass Valley, California , or Promotion Committee. Nevada City. California 1 \\ni:N WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT \\IIKN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT September WE SPECIALIZE IN THE STORACEopAPPlfS And offer LOW INSURANCE MODERN STORAGE FACILITIES FOUR TRUNK LINE RAILROADS FAVORABLE FREIGHT RATES ALONG WITH A Storage Capacity of 375,000 Boxes AT FAVORABLE STORAGE RATES All fruit for shipment is put in proper shipping condition by experienced help. Ebner Ice and Cold Storage Company Flora, Illinois; Carmi, Illinois; Washington, Indiana; Seymour, Indiana Make It Easier For Them SPARE the horses. ]\Iica Axle Grease makes easier pulling. It gives a smoother bearing than ordinary grease, because it contains powdered mica — blended with the grease by a special process. The mica keeps the spindle smooth, resists wear and press- ure, and makes the grease last twice as long. Get a can from your dealer today. Standard Oil Company (Califomia) MICA AXLE CREASE Oregon Nursery Company ORENCO, OREGON Extensive growers of all lines of Fruit, Nut and Shade Trees, Ever- greens, Flowering Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. Introducers of the VROO- MAN FRANQUETTE walnut, recognized as the best walnut. Our large complete stock consists of varieties suitable for every kind of climate. Write us about your wants before buying. I RHODES DOUBLK CUT FBUNING SHEAB RHODES MFQ. CO. S. DIVISION AVE . URAND RAPID5. niCIt •THE oal, pruncf tnadetnat cufti horn both sides of the limb and doe* not bruise the bark. Mad* ia all style* and size*. W* pay Express chargaa on all orders. Write fo, circular aad price*. cut to fit into the bottom of the vessel used. If an oil or gasoline stove is available, increase the comfort of the operator by moving the entire outfit into a shady spot outside the house. Place the can of boiling water contain- ing jars, covers and utensils on the stove and keep hot. Put the false bot- tom in place in the washboiler, fdl the boiler about one-fourth full of warm (not hot) water, and you arc ready to begin work. Transfer a jar from the boiling water to the washboiler, fill it immediately with cold, raw fruit, packing it down firndy. Add enough cold water to fill the jar within one-half innch of top, using a knife or spoon to displace air bubbles. Take a rubber from the boil- ing water and lit it on, then set the cover loosely in place. Continue the process until the boiler is filled with jars. Now fill the boiler with cold water to within one and one-half inches of the tops of the jars, fit the boiler cover tightly on, place the boiler on the stove and heat to boiling. In the case of quart jars, the following time table may be used as a guide: For straw- berries, blackberries, loganberries, red or black raspberires, continue boiling vigorously 8 to 12 minutes. For acid fruit such as cherries, currants or gooseberries, boil vigorously for 5 to 8 minutes. For apples, peaches or pears, boil vigorously for 20 to 35 minutes, the time depending upon the variety and degree of ripeness of the fruit. Per- sons working at an altitude greater than 2,500 feet will find it necessary to increase the times here suggested by about one-fourth. When the fruit has boiled for the specified time, remove the jars from the boiler and imme- diately screw the covers tightly on. Wipe dry and place on a shelf out of drafts to cool, inverting the jars in order that leaks may be detected at once. The open-kettle method differs from Ihe cold-i)ack method in that the fruit is place in a porcelain lined or other suit- able vessel with enough cold water to cover it and cooked for the necessary ^':e< 7-e ■:r?S,^^s£, 'auD»c DS KING pREASE C. & S. Axle Grease has con- si^ency (landing up underl all conditions of temperature)! wearing qualities (holding upl under severeSl^ conditions);] and the price, based on its! quality, is reasonable. WHITTIER-COBURN COMPANY San Francisco WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page time before transferring to the jars. Jars, rubbers, covers and utensils are sterilized in boiling water as described above. When the fruit is sulliciently cooked, a jar is transfered from the boiling water to a plate or dish, packed with the fruit and filled to overtlowing with the boiling juice, a rubber and a cover are taken from the hot w^ater and fitted on, and the cover is screwed tightly down. Do not delay a moment in closing the jar tightly, and never attempt to wipe off the overflowing juice before putting the cover on, as you will almost surely introduce organ- isms which will cause S])oiling of the fruit. WTiile this method is a favorite one with many canners, it is wasteful of fuel and of time, since the amount of fruit which can be prepared at one time is small; the operator must stir the fruit conliiuially to prevent stick- ing and scorcliing, consequently is ex- posed to the full heat of the stove, and the fruit loses much in appearance and flavor. F"or these reasons, those who have given the cold-pack method a fair trial usually adopt it. If fruits are allowed to boil for the full times stated above and are sealed without allowing anything which has not been thoroughly sterilized by boil- ing to come into contact with the fruit or cover, they should keep indefinitely. If the operator is working at high alti- tudes, the method of double steriliza- tion should be employed. Proceed by either of the methods just described, but after 24 hours return the jars to the washboilei', fill it to the shoulder of the jars with cold water, place on the stove and bring to boiling. When the water begins to boil — not before — loosen the covers suthciently to permit the steam to escape and continue boil- ing, with the cover of the boiler in place, for 8 to 10 minutes in the case of the softer fruits, 12 to 1.") minutes in others. Now remove the jars from the boiler and lighten the covers while fruit is still actually boiling in the jars. This methoOR"ri_Arsio OREGOIM ^Sf^»raya ^rsrrfrifr>igTiBTt gaiSigag555Bg5MgSj^£SiaigS£S ffTi , ini i j'c1 | LESLIE BUTLER. President TRUMAN BUTLER. Vice President C. H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital . . . $100,000.00 4^; Interest Paid in our Savings Department WE GIVE SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GOOD FARM LOANS If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this ser\'lce. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY Northern Pacific Ry. THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LINE USE IT To CHICAGO To ST. LOUIS Minneapolis, St. Paul, Kansas City Elegant through trains daily from Pacific Coast with the Best Dining Car Service in the world. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE Low Summer Excursion Fares East Daily to September 30. To CALIFORNIA Have your ticket read "Great Northern Pacific S.S. Co." from Portland. The quick and pleasant trip. Berth and meals included. HOMESEEKER FARES, low, round trip. To MONTANA. Ask about them if interested. A. D. CHARLTON, A. G. P. A., Portland, Oregon ket. Full directions -for the canning of fruits and vegetables in tin will be found in Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 203, S.iO and 42fi, and in circulars issued for use in the Farmers' Co-Operative Demonstration Work. All of these may be obtained free upon application to the Director, .\gricultural Experi- ment .Station, Pullman, Washington. Fruits canned without sugar by either of the processes above described may be employed in making pies, sauces or for desserts, while fruits, fruit juices or berries may be put up in this way and subsequently used for making jams or jellies later in the sea- son or at the convenience of the house- hold. Many persons prefer that some sugar be cooked with the fruit, and the flavor of some fruits, as for example cherries, is improved by such treat- ment. If this is desired, the canner who is using the cold-pack method will find it easiest to place the required amount of sugar in each jar before the fruit is packed into it. If the open- kettle method is used, a syrup of the desired strength may be made, boiled for two minutes in a covered vessel, kept hot on the stove and used to fill the cans just before sealing. The amount of sugar used may be deter- mined by the taste or purse of the in- dividual, but the beginner may be guided by the following suggestions: Extra light syrup, 1 pint sugar (14 ounces) to 2 quarts water; used for peaches, pears, plums, cherries, apples and all berries. Light syrup, 1 pint sugar to 1 quart water, used for same fruits. Medium syrup, 1 pint sugar to 1 pint water, used for sharply-acid fruits as sour cherries, currants, loganberries and gooseberries. Heavy syrup, 2 pints sugar to 1 pint water, used for special purposes, makes what is practically a preserve of the fruit. The amounts of sugar required to make a light syrup sutlicient for can- ning one bushel of material are as follows: Peaches, 3% pounds; logan- berries, C pounds; raspberries, 5 pounds; blackberries, 4V2 pounds; sweet cherries, bV-i pounds; pie cher- ries, 2% pounds; strawberries, 5% pounds; plums, 3 pounds. For Rent on Shares A very fine Hog and Fruit Ranch in Hood River district; everything in first- class order. 100 acres in bearing orchard, 50 acres clover and alfalfa. An excellent opportunity for the right man. Appli- cants should write, giving full particulars of themselves, their experience and their ability to properly manage the property. W. J. BAKER HOOD RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION PETTER FRUIT I9I6 BETTER FRUIT Pag^ 'U 1V41 Money in Walnuts By Ferd Groner, Hillsboro, Oregon. THE question many people are ask- ing at present: Is there any money in walnuts or liow soon will they pay dividends, and how much and at what expense per acre before an income is realized? Many do not realize that there is not a grafted orchard in the Northwest older than eight years, but there are many large trees which have been top-grafted from six to nine years that have been bearing heavy, regular crops. The oldest orchard, now eight years, bore 3,100 pounds last season on sixteen acres; about four acres of the sixteen were of a number of varieties planted for experimental purposes and most of the trees bore very few nuts. The bulk of the crop grew on the re- maining twelve acres of Vrooman Franquettes and made a net profit of .?3f) per acre, the nuts selling for an average of 24 cents per pound. The lowest wholesale price that these nuts sold for to the trade was 22 cents per pound, which is from 5 to 7 cents higher than the average wholesale price of nuts grown in districts where most of our nuts come from. The crop this season is about double that of last year and prices will be fully as high, as the crop in the main nut-producing sections is only about GO per cent of last year's crop. I think it is safe to state that this orchard will pay 6 per cent net on $1,000 per acre this season. In regard to varieties, will say the Franquette is the only one I can rec- ommend of varieties that have been tried out here in the Northwest. We are experimenting with eighteen vari- cites, ten of which are in bearing; only time will tell their value, but so far none promises to be better than the Franquette. I have a number coming on that I have cross bred, but it takes about ten years to prove one out. As most of the older plantings were unde- sirable varieties and nearly all seed- lings very few proved a success from a financial standpoint. This has had a strong tendency to retard planting as very few grafted orchards are old enough to make a showing. Last sea^ son quite a large number of seedling trees were fop-grafted to Franquette. Walnuts, no doubt, will be slow in development owing to the high price of good trees, and it takes eight years to prove them out. It took over twenty years for the average farmer to realize the value of red clover which bore a crop the second year. It took over twenty years to introduce kale in Western Oregon and it will take at least ten more years before the aver- age farmer or fruitgrower will realize the value of walnuts. As walnuts are planted from 40 to .50 feet apart crojjs such as vetch mixed with wheat and oats, corn, potatoes, kale, pumpkins or peas can be raised on about one-half the ground the first six years without detriment to the trees. If these crops are properly handled more than the total cost of cultivation can be realized before the trees begin to bear. Notice to Irrigators California-Nevada-Washington-Oregon Beginning September 1, 1916, the under- signed i.s ready to make shipments from its warehouse in Stockton, CaUfornia, as well as from Denver. This new arrangement will save you time and freight. A convenience for you Pacific Coast farmers who are facing imgation or drainage ditch problems. For making and cleaning laterals and ditches no machine is superior to the Martin farm ditcher — and (here is no equal at the price. Works right or left-handed, in new or old ditches, large or small, in sandy or rocky ground, in gumbo or heavy clay, on hillside or the level, ordi- narily with a single team. Cutting blade of crucible steel. The Martin is mechani- cally simple. No wheels, gears or pinions to wear out and need early replac- ing. All steel. If you have not received our fully descriptive catalog, ask for it TO-DAY. The Martin "costs less than a cow" and on an 80-acre irrigated farm will save the price of three cows in a single season. Write RIGHT NOW. M Owensboro Ditcher & Grader Co. Western Branch 235 Evans Clock Denver, Colorado Address Atl Correspondence to Denver "BLUE RIBBON" Bartlett Pears Elberta Peaches Italian Prunes In straight or mixed cars. All orders given careful and prompt attention. Wire for Prices. Yakima County Horticultural Union FRCD E^BERLE., Manager NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FBUIT Pagc^'28 BETTER FRUIT September Let 'er Buck /// /f WETL MEET YOU ^^ AT THE ROUND-UP Cowgirls,cowboys, Indians, bronchos, ponies, wild horses and wild cattle and wild men— all will be there— to play and to thrill with their feats of skill and daring. You who know the Roimd'Up we expect to see ; you who do not have our most cordial invitation. Remember where and when PENDLETON SEP T. 21^2 2-23 LOW ROUND 'TRIP FARES I&S) VIA THE O'WRR&N UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM Ask the General Passenger Aeent PORTLAND Walnuts will not thrive well on wet or shallow soil; foothill, rolling soil is best. They do well on level valley land if well drained. Where drainage is necessary in our orchards we find it advisable to put in the tile about five feet deep. I do not advise planting fillers, as walnuts do not thrive well among other trees; peaches are espe- cially detrimental. The climate of Southwestern Washington and Western Oregon seem to be most favorably adapted to the growing of such varie- ties as the Fran(|uette. The Franquette grown here Is of the very highest final- ity owing to the cool summer weather. .\ny temperature above 100 degrees for any consideraljle time will reduce the (|uality of walnuts. Higli temperature is the cause of the dark and shrunken kernels in so many nuts found on the market. Walnuts grown in the locali- ties mentioned practically have no dark or rancid kernels, and I have had re- ports of only one bad nut in a CO-pound sack. Walnuts have not been planted east of the Cascades so extensively as on the west side, but no doubt many locali- ties will be found where they can be profitably grown. The use of automo- biles and auto trucks having greatly reduced the number of horses, the con- sum])lion of liay and grain is propor- tionately reduced. The introduction of new crops should be encouraged, thus cntling down the surplus of these crops, to the benefit of all. Sugar Beets THE sugar-beet industry has rapidly grown and has now become one of the prominent inihistries of California and the Pacific Xorthwest. There are a number of very large sugar-beet fac- tories. Growers in the neighborhood of sugar-beet factories are making mighty good income on their invest- ment from sugar beets. The sugar is first extracted and lately they have found a use for sugar-beet pulp, using it for feeding stock. In a few weeks the sugar-beet fac- tories of California will begin slicing this year's crop of sugar beets. This information will be interesting to ilair\nien and stockmen who are look- ing forward to a fresh supply of beet pulp. Last year the demand for beet pidp was so great that it was sold out early in the season. The crop of sugar beets is somewhat larger this year than last, and therefore it will bring in a greater profit for the sugar-beet grow- ers, and it is to be hoped that it will be a factor in keeping down the i)rice of sugar. It will also be a help to dairymen because it will help increase the snijply of sugar-beet pulp. There Elderly Men. Your Opportunity. Many elderly as well as young men are mak- ing good money selling our hardy, guaranteed ornamentals, roses, fruit trees, berries, vines, etc. The prestige of the Washington Nursery Co.— thirteen years in business- handling twelve to fifteen thousand orders annually — insures a hearing wherever you go. Our field reaches from Montana to Southern California and from New Mexico to Northern British Columbia. Cash Weekly. Outfit free, experience unnec- essary. We train you free in salesmanship, landscaping, etc. Best selling season for years. Good business in your own locality. Work all or part time. WRITE TODAY. If not interested perhaps you know some energetic, intelligent man now unemployed. Washington Nursery Company Toppenish, Washington Largest between the Rockies and Cascades. WHEN WRITING .\nVERTISEBS MENTION BETTER FRU:T :gi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 2Q has been an enormous increase in the consuniplion of sugar-beet pulp during the last few years. Consequently it is evident that there must be a good rea- son for this, which must be that stock- men are finding it to be a very valuable feed. Dried beet pulp is the natural root of the sugar beet, shredded, clean and pure, being the by-product after the sugar and water is extracted. Within an hour after the sugar beets enter the factory, the dry pulp is ready for sack- ing and loading on the cars. Conse- quently there is no possibility of its souring in the drying process. When thoroughly dried it will keep indefi- nitely, just like any other grain or mill feed. It is stated by those who know that the value of beet pulp lies in the fact that it meets the necessity with stock of a bulky, palatable and at the same time succulent feed, which not only assists in digestion but makes a more complete ration. In the Western States, beet pulp is fed with alfalfa, making, so it is claimed, a balanced ration, but it can be used with many other combinations of feed. Those who have not fed beet pulp sometimes wonder if it should be fed dry or wet, and this question is frequently asked. It is stated that it is Just as good one way as the other. One man says, "Let the cows decide it for themselves. They'll soon tell which way they like it best." First try feed- ing it wet. If soaked beforehand the actual amount of water in soaking it is immaterial. You will probably find at first that cows like it better wet than dry. However, when they become accustomed to it, men of experience say you can gradually switch a cow to dry beet pulp, if you think it advisable. The quantity to be fed is another question of importance to the dairyman and stockman. Of course this is a ques- tion each feeder should determine for himself by keeping a record of what each cow would naturally consume or require. However, men of experience state that an average cow of about 1000 pounds weight, giving 25 to 30 pounds of milk daily, can be fed from 8 to 10 pounds of beet pulp, weighed dry, with a ration of about 18 to 20 pounds of alfalfa hay, or about as much hay as a cow will naturally require. They say that beet pulp should be fed first and divided into two feedings daily. Dried beet pulp contains about 65 to 70 per cent of digestible carbo- hydrates, and this ration as recom- mended would mean approximately 2M( pounds of digestible protein and about 14 pounds of digestible carbohydrates, which is normally about the amount of nutriment required by the average dairy cow. If alfalfa hay cannot he obtained at a reasonable price, it has been suggested that it would be neces- sary to feed cottonseed meal or some other protein feed along with the beet pulp. It is also suggested that it might be wise to displace one or two pounds of beet pulp with an equal amount of grain or mill feed for the sake of variety. Y OU can be sure of one thing when you huy a Weber or Columbus wagon — ^You get more service for your money. The good service they give is one of the strongest features of Weber and Columbus wagons. This service is the result of careful design and coa» Struction, such as is shown in the International fifth wheel. Look between the front axle and bolster, where the king bolt goes through. There you will find the fifth wheel (an exclusive feature). Note the wide circular wearing surface of the two substantial fifth wheel plates. Those plates relieve the owner of a lot of trouble. They prevent breaking or bending of circla irons. Thev prevent the pitching of the bolster that breaks or bends kingbolts. They take strain off the reach and keep tha lower part of the front axle from sagging. This one feature adds years to the life of the wagon, but, bet- ter even than that, it indicates the care and thought that have been given to every Columbus and Weber feature, and they are many. Look over the Weber or Columbus wagon carefully, either at the local dealer's place or in the illustrated wagon folders we will send you on request. Then j-ou will see why, if you want mora for your money, your next wagon should be a Weber or Coliunbua. International Harvester Company of America (incorporated) ,, Crawford, Neb. Denver, Col. Helena. Mont. Portland, Ore. Ij Salt Lake City, Utah * Arcadia Irrigated Orchards THE LARGEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD PROJECT IN THE ENTIRE WEST 7,000 acres planted to winter apples. Gravity irrigation. Located 22 miles north of Spokane, Washington, directly on the railroad. We plant and give four years' care to every orchard tract sold. $125, first payment, secures 5 acres; $250, first payment, secures 10 acres; balance monthly SEND FOR BOOKLET Arcadia Orchards Company Deer Park, Washington WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 30 BETTER FRUIT September PORTLAND. OREGON Portland Hotel The hotel which made Portland, Oregon, famous. Most Desirably Located. In the Center of Shopping and Theatre District. Covers a City Block. Broadway, Sixth, Morrison and Yamhill Streets European Plan— $1.00 per day and upward Write for Portland Hotel Booklet. GEO. C. OBER, Manager NEW CROP- FOR FALL SOWING Vetches, Alfalfa, Clovers, Grains, Grasses SELECTED RECLEANED FARM and FIELD SEED AT LOWEST MARKET PRICES. SPECIAL MIXTURES FOR WET LAND — DRY LAND— BURNS-PERMANENT HAY CROPS AND PASTURES. Cover Crops for Orchards — Dry Land Pasture Mixtures OUR SEED LABORATORY is in charge of a |lvi:rti.si:rs mkntion hkttkk frcit THE WORLD - OUR ORCHARD EiniiiDbT ft Kf LLT I NEW YORK I , biiOUt3Ti?tiflbiy THE IN THE t)l3TRIBUTPIi "F THt^UNTRY'3 FflNCY AN D OTHER. FRUITJ v(" I OUR MARKET THE WORLD WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT ^"OLUME XI OCTOBER, 1916 Number 4 CopyrlBlit C M- I'lioto Cu. THE PUSH-CART 1!RI>«5S ALL KINDS OF FOOD AND OTHER SL'PPI.IES TO THE UOORS OF THF TENEMENTS BETTER FRUIT BUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subsciiption +1.00 per Year in the United Slates; Canada and Foreigfii, Inolnding Postage, $1.50. Single Copy 10 Cents 26 Extra Features 73 New Conceptions MID-YEAR MODEL 20% Extra Value Due to Factory Efficiency 20% Extra Value Due to John W. Bate, the Efficiency Engineer We intend that the Mitchell shall offer 20 per cent greater value than a like price can buy elsewhere. We save at least that in this factory. It was built and equipped by John W. Bate to minimize every cost. It has reduced our making cost one-half. It has given us an advantage of 20 per cent, we be- heve, under any rival Six. 90% In the Chassis About 90 per cent of this extra value goes into this Bate-built chassis. It goes largely into extra strength. There are 440 parts which are drop-forged or steel- stamped— three times as strong as castings. The major strains are met by Chrome- Vanadium steel, costing up to 15 cents per pound. To every part is given at least 50 per cent over-strength. The rear springs are Bate cantilevers, not one of which has ever broken. We include a power tire pump, .an extra-cost carburetor, a ball-bearing steering gear, an easy type of control. There are in this car 26 extra features which other cars omit. And those ex- tras will cost us about $2,000,000 on this season's output alone. Aims at 200,000 Miles Mr. Bate has aimed at a life- time car. Two of his Mitchells have already run over 200,000 miles each. That's forty years $1325 of ordinary service. Seven of them have averaged about 175,000 miles each. See what Mr. Bate's genius has done for the Mitchell. His improvements number more than 700. See what his efhciencv gives you in extra values. A half-hour spent with a Mitchell dealer will win you to Bate- built cars. A Many-Year Decision The decision you make on a fine car now will affect you for many years. If you get the right car, you may never need to buy another. If you buy the wrong car you are likely to change before long. Don't judge by demonstrations only. All new cars run well. Go into the hidden facts. Get the records on endurance. Above all else, judge by the man who builds it. Go deep enough, and you are bound to choose the Mitchell. Many noted engineers have done so in buying cars for themselves. Your Mitchell dealer will show you a list of them. You will get in addition the most complete car that's built. In the Mid- Year Mitchell you will get 73 new conceptions. Our design- ers examined 257 of this year's models before completing this one. F. o. b. Racine For 5 -Passenger Touring Car or 3 -Passenger Roadster 7-Paaseneer Toorins Body $35 Extra Equipped with Demountable Top Only. $300 Extra Hi^h-speed economical Six. 48 horsepower: 127-inch wheelbaae; complete equip- ment including: 26 extra features. Ask US the name of the nearest Mitchell dealer, if you do not know him. For your own sake, see the car he has. (122) Mitchell Motors Company, Inc. Racine, Wis., U.S. A. ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page J Dividends of real tobacco happiness for you, via the distinguished In- dian whose face adorns the Buffalo nickel, one of the star attrac- tions until his death w,th "101 Ranch' and " Bu ffa lo Bill s Wild Wesf " s/jows combined. Reverse cide of the tidy red tin Nnce Albert the national joy smoke Prince Albert has always been sold with- out premiums or coupons. Quality is its standard. And, my, how the multitudes ofsmokershave approved of it, too! Prince Albert stands clear-as-a-whistle above state or national restrictions on the use of premiums or coupons. We have always preferred to hand smokers quality! You should know the merits of Prince Albert, for it gets into the gap in your smokeappetite and makes you ace-high jimmy pipe joy' us and cigarette makin's happy! Prince Albert is manufactured by a patented process that cuts out bite and parch and lets you smoke to your heart's content without a comeback. It hits the cheer-up spot in your system, sunrise-to-taps ! The chances are you've an old jimmy hid- den away in disgrace — or a mighty desire to smoke one ! You get some P. A., put a pipe on the job or roll a makin's cigarette — and find out for yourself that Prince Albert will beat your fondest expectations of tobacco enjoyment. Buy Prince Albert everywhere tobacco is aold in toppy red bags. Sc; tidy red tins, JOc; handsome pound and half pound tin humidors; and that classy pound crystal-glass humidor with sponge-moistener top that keeps the tobacco in such fine condition. R.J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY. Winston-Salem, N. C. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 4 BETTER FRUIT October SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH 8c CO. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS 8c CO. GLASGOW LONDON Agencies and Representatives in Every Important European Market European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & FRENCH CO. SIMONS FRUIT CO. SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH, WEBLING CO. 204 Franklin Street, New York Toronto and Montreal 46 Clinton Street, Boston OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS The Old Reliable W. H, DRYER W. W. BOLLAM BELL & CO. DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. Incorporated GENERAL WHOLESALE Fruits and Produce COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON PHONES: MAIN 2348 nnn-ri a Kir\ nnc/~r\\.i A 2348 PORTLAND, OREGON MARK LEVY & CO. Levy & Spiegl STORAGE Commission Merchants WHOLESALE Wholesale Fruits Fruits and Produce Commission Merchants Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located 121-123 Front St. and SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS 200 Washington St. Top Prices and Prompt Returns TRANSFER & LIVERY CO. PORTLAND, OREGON PORTLAND, OREGON HOOD RIVER, OREGON BUY AND TRY Richey& Gilbert Co. H.M.GILBERT.Presidentand Manager W. van Diem Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49, 51. 61 Growers and Shippers of ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND White Yakima VaUey Fruits and Produce SPECIALTIES: European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in this Branch Cable Address: W, Vandiem ABC Code used; 5th Edition River Flour Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes Our Specialties Are TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON Apples, Pears.Naval Oranges ORCHARDISTS Jb'irst Class SUPPLY Walnut Trees MAKES HOUSE We are still growing the highest grade graited Vrooman Franquettes that can Whiter, Lighter be bought anywhere at any price. Come and investigate and see our orchard from which we cut our scions before harvest. We like to have an opportunity to show, Bread Franz Hardware Co. HOOD RIVER, ORE. or write for booklet and price list. GRONER & McCLURE Hillsboro, Oregon WHEN WAITING ADVERTISERS UENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, TROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING The Physical Handling of Fruit By C. I. Lewis, Professor of Horticulture, Corvallis, Oregon MOST fruit growers of the Pacific Nortliwcst arc now familiar with the fact that the Ollice of Mar- kets of the I'nited States Department of Agriculture spent much time studying our fruit marketing situation in the Northwest, and finalh suggested to the growers that they form what has been termed the Fruit drowers' Agency, In- corporated. It is not my purpose to deal with the entire function of this new agency, but more to confine myself to its relation to the physical handling of fruit in the Pacific Northwest. This function of the Fruit (irowcrs' Agency, Incorporated, is well defined in what is known as the uniform contract. In this uniform contract, under Heading 2, Sec- tion b, we find the following: "(b). To work in close harmony with growers with the aim of securing uniform meth- ods in the harvesting, grading, ])acking, and the physical handling of the fruit from tree to car; and to secure a stan- dardization and enforcement of the grading and inspection rules of the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana." Also under Heading (g), No. 2, we note the following paragraph: "To see that the fruit is prepared for market so that the grade and pack may be in accordance with the best trade demands." The reader will see at a glance that these two clauses indicate that a vigor- ous campaign is to be waged in the Pacific Northwest to improve the phys- ical handling of our fruit. In Oregon, the Oregon Agricultural College, thru its Bureau of Markets, is co-operating very closely with the Ciovernment in the general program, and the Division of Horticulture is giving aid in the ph>sical handling of fi'uit. In addition to the work which the Ollice of Markets and the vaiious Agri- cultural Colleges in the Northwest are doing to foster this movement, other United States Department of Agricul- ture agencies are aiding the growers at this time verv materially. 1 refer esijc- cially to the investigators conneclid with the Odice of Pomological Investi- gations, who are con lairicr. unloading from wagon. over twelve or fifteen hours, still it is not uncommon to find fruit stacked up in the orchard for several days. Some growers argue that it is better to haul in the fruit during the cool of the morn- ing, after it has been thoroughly cooled. The greatest objeclion offereii to this practice is the accunudation of dew, which makes the fruit very wet and undesirable to handle until later in the day, when the fruit again becomes heated. In some sections they are try- ing the experiment of night hauling. The fruit is picked during the day, and in the early evening and during a good part of the night the fruit is hauled. To bring this about motor trucks are often used. It seems possible in many com- munities to secure trucks that have been working in the cities during the day time, and are generally idle all night. These truckers are quite often glad to have their machines at work during the harvest period. Mr. E. V. Beckwith, manager of the Rogue River Fruit and Products Association, has hauled fruit fourteen miles to his com- munity packing house, using for such purpose the auto truck. We must make an honest endeavor to get our fruit from the orchard to a place where it can be cooled and kept cool in the shortest practicable time. Grading and Packing Equipment. In choosing the equipment for a house, rapidity, efficiency and economy must be sought. As is true in commerce and manufactures, effort must be made to reduce hand labor to the minimum. Not only must there be good equipment, but it must be so arranged that it allows for speed, system and lack of confusion. The indications now are that the days of hand sizing and of much trucking are past. The fruit grader, or what had better be termed the fruit sizer, and the gravity carrier have come to stay. While there are some growers who feel that BETTER FRUIT Page 7 Figure 8 — The fruit which was placed on chute by the man in Figure 7. Note that the fruit is being carried directly to wagon from packing room shown in Figures .5, and 7. the fruit sizer is not what it is repre- sented to be, the great majority of growers in associations in such districts as North Yakima, Spokane, Watsonville and Hood River, who have tried them, speak of the machine in highest praise. From present indications a very large percentage of the fruit in the Hood River Valley this year will pass through mechanical sizcrs. The hand-sized fruit will be the exception, and the machine- graded fruit the rule. In all probability some of the dissatisfaction that has come from the use of fruit sizers has come from the fact that old models have been tried. The fruit-grading machine manufacturers have benefited l'"iGURF. — This shows a much and not too little, carriers. This view will well proportioned room — plenty of space, not too This means economy. Note the"good use of gravity also give a good idea of the tyi>e of conslruction of this building. from four or five years' experience, until now most of the machines have been greatly improved and the later models seem to be giving very good satisfaction. There are many models of machines on the market. Some grade according to size, but the present ten- dency with most machines is to grade according to weight. Nearly all the machines will give at least two grades, and some will grade three at the same time. Where only two grades are car- ried through the machine at the same time, the practice is to run the remain- ing fruit, which would make C grade and cookers, through the machine on a second run. There are some half dozen machines being used in the Pacific Northwest and California, and the manufacturers will be vei-y glad to furnish readers with teslimonials of Iheir efficiency. The wiifer has ob- tained letters from users of practically all of these machines. These machines are the Culler fruit sizer, the Nuna- maker grader, and the Palmer grader, all of Hood Hivei-; the Oregon apple sizer, of The Dalles; the Price sorter and sizer, of North Yakima, and the Nelson grader, of North Yakima. Those who have used the machines exten- siveb' claim the following advantages: Mrst, that much cheaper grading and packing results. For example, where packing from hand-size 2 5 Monitor 600 5 40 5 10 4 Wenatchee, Olds and Malaga 3,100 100 200 80 150 65 Entiat 400 19 20 3 2 Winesap 40 Chelan 200 ... 4 Pateros 105 5 4 ... ... 4 Brewster 1 75 3 2 ... 1 1 Okanogan-Malott 150 3 4 ... 2 Omak 485 ... 4 ... 3 Totals 7,310 134 380 90 170 79 Of the two and one-half million boxes Yakima Valley. handled in 1014 by "The Big Four" the Estimated that Kittitas County will inspector has figured out what part of produce 250 cars of apples this season, the total crop was Winesaps, Spitzen- An average of the different estimates burgs, Jonathan.s, etc. On this basis the for Yakima County gives us the follow- inspecfor has made the following esti- ing figures: Apples, 6,59.5 cars; pears, mates for the 1916 crop: 752 cars; peaches, 834 cars; plums and , . Perce;i( Percent prunes, 130 cars. Some of the estima- Wi^nTsap" '"ig^e"' '" 20* '"'"^ placed apples as low as 4,500 cars, Jonathan 16.8 16 while one estimate was as high as 8,000 ?^!,'"°V,^.,- .?•? iS cars. The ma joritv of those estimating Spitzenhurg 11.0 13 „ . • „ _ _^,, . _ ^^/v Rome Beauty 8.8 9 gave figures ranging from 5,500 to 7,000 «,l';P"'w ■• •.•■;,•■•■: §-5 ? ca,., ^o that the average of the difTerent White Winter Pearmain 2.2 3 ,■ , , , .. Yellow Newtown Pippin 2.1 2 estniiates looks conservative. Black Ben and c.ano 7.0 7 i„ submitting his estimates the in- King David 1.3 O.Oo , , i i . Winter Banana 0.8 2 spector at large also comments On some Black Twig : ; 2.0 2 factors affecting the condition of the Ben Davis 4.1 3 Arkansas Black 2.3 2 crop . Grimes Golden 1.2 1 Aphids — The past two weeks have Mixed 7.8 6 , , , , , . , been cool, cloudy and rainy, and as a The above estimates were submitted result the aphids have become very 1(1 this office by Mr. O. T. Clawson, in- plentiful, and in our travels over var- spector at large, Wenatchee, Washing- ious i)arts of the valley we find that the ton. The following men assisted Mr. ai)hids are causing considerable loss, in Clawson in getting tlie information and fact we have reduced our apple esti- in making the estimates for the North mate 100 carloads. If the same weather Central Washington district: Clois conditions continue for another week George, Brewster, local horticultural we shall have to reduce our estimate at inspector; Stanley Nagley, Okanogan. least 200 carloads. .\ small percentage local horticultural inspector; Harry R. of the apple growers have been spray- Have You Any Fine Winter APPLES? We want to hear from grow- ers or owners of fruit suitable for storing in Chicago to be taken out and sold as opportunity offers to net highest prices. We will make reasonable ad- vances on suitable varieties and quality for our high class trade. Write or wire us what you have and let us hgure with you. Ask your banker about our standing if you don't know us. C. H. Weaver & Co. CHICAGO Handling Fruit Since 1863 A Landscape Plan will increase the beauty and value of your home. Country and city grounds a specialty. KITTELL & LANGLOIS Landscape Designers Ritzville, Washington Chicago Cold Storage Warehouse Co. 1522-1532 Indiana Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. Offers best facilities and a spirit of accom- modation in handling boxed apples and other fruits. All railroads entering Chicago deliver direct to our platform without switching charges or delay. Low insurance. Plenty of room. Favor us. John W. Low, Pres. M. C. CUMMINGS, Sec. and Treas. H. W. }\.\RT. Gen. Mg,: WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT We carry in Portland Stock Labels for Apples and Pears Send for samnles and prices. ATTRACTIVE We make Special Designs for all kinds of labels FRUIT LABELS The Merchants' Cold Storage Co. CAPITAL STOCK, $200,000 The House of Right Temperature and Humidity The House that Gives Quick Service The House that Malces Liberal Advances The House for You to Store Your Goods In Refer to Security National Bank 300-302-304-306 Third Avenue North A. D. ELLIS, President and Manager MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. NA/ANTEID ONE HUNDRED CARSsRED APPLES for our Southern and Export Trade Albert Macliie Co. NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA October ing for the aphids, but the majority have not on account of anticipating hot weather. Apple Powdery Mildew — There has not been as much spraying for apple powdery mildew as during the previous year, yet the disease has been worse in some parts of the valley. Many apples will be put in the C grade which other- wise might have been put in the higher grades, had the growers sprayed. Codling Moth — The growers in gen- eral are doing better spraying and seem anxious to apply the spray at the proper time. We advised an intermediate spray begining June 27, to July 4, and many are spraying. We find two dis- tinct stages of codling moth larva. The older worms are just emerging from the apples and the younger stage just entering, so you can see what we may expect during July and August. June Drop — The June drop has been very heary and especially so in those orchards that were hit hard with the late frosts. We have lowered our esti- mate about 300 carloads on account of the June drop. Fire Blight — This disease seems to be gaining headway all over the valley, partly on account of weather conditions and aphids and carelessness on the part of many growers. The Grandview, Buena, Parker Heights and districts ad- jacent to the city of North Yakima are becoming generally infected. The fruit crop estimates for Kittitas and Yakima Counties were submitted to this office by Mr. F. E. De Sellem, in- spector at large. North Yakima, Wash- ington. The following men gave Mr. De Sellem assistance in making the estimates for these two counties: H. E. Waterbury, local horticultural inspec- tor; C. L. Hamilton, field inspector, Yakima Valley Fruit Growers' Associa- tion; C. W. McCullough, sales manager, Yakima Valley Fruit Growers' Associa- tion; Horticultural L!nion, Richey-Gil- bert Company, Shrader Company, Re- frigerator Companies, Growers Service Company, E. E. Samson Company, Thompson Fruit Company. The estimate for Benton County is as follows: Apples, 160 cars; pears, 80 cars; peaches, 40 cars. These estimates were submitted by Mr. Luke Powell, inspector at large, Prosser, Washing- ton. Walla Walla District. For Walla Walla and Columbia Coun- ties the following car-lot estimates were carefully made and are considered very conservative estimates of the apple crop: Winesap 40 cars, Rome Beauty 190, Newtown Pippin 30, Jonathan 75, Arkansas Black 6, Grimes Golden 5, Ben Davis 25, Black Twig 13, Baldwin 3, TRAPPERS FOR CASH And pay highest prices for Fine Fox, Mink. Martens, Rat. Lynx, Wolves and all other Furs, Hides and Glnsens. Best facilities in America. Send for Free Price List and Shipping Tass. No commission charped. ROGERS FUR COMPANY, Bept 390 &t. Louis. Mo. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION PETTER FRUIT I0i6 BETTER FRUIT Page 13 WJMmiJfVS^S^ V--V-.X r>^,^ Goes Under the Limbs I J^ < rtvi- 'J^ ..::, _^* - wy Af- „ ,-^^X?^" i^^^^'^'i- J^-'^ii I Goes in ]; New Model i2''2o Yuba It is only 55 inches wide. It works in vineyards with 7'foot rows. It goes under the Hmbs and gets close to the trees in orchards. It is simple in de' sign, light in weight and priced accordingly .Write us about the lower price. It is built particularly for orchard, vineyard and side-hill work; but may be used in scores of other ways, and in any kind of soil. Its three speeds give it unusual flexibihty. It has few wearing parts, and low upkeep. Big operators need it- for its particular purposes; smaller opera' tors need it for all purposes. Orders now being booked for future deliveries. THE YUBA CONSTRUCTION COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO Works at Marys-vilk, CaU U' rite for addrca of nearest agent STUDY THESE SPECIFICATIONS Motor: 4 J^ inch bore, 6^ inch stroke. Side plates for the easy adjustment of bear- ings. Extra heavy crank shaft. Equipped with Ensign Carburetor and automatic priming tank. Fly wheel clutch. Track: Tread shoes of cast steel— with' out bolts. Pins and bushings are reneW' able. The races are of manganese steel. Track Drive: Through manganese pinion that meshes directly with the chain. This pinion is completely enclosed and protected from wear. Air Cleaner: Equipped with a Donaldson Air Cleaner, which is almost 100 per cent, efficient in removing harmful dust from air that enters the carburetor. Transmission: Of the sliding gear with three speeds forward and one reverse. Dired: drive on all three speeds. Low speed i Yz miles per hour. In- termediate speed lYz miles per hour. High speed lYz miles per hour. Dimensions: Over-all width, 55 inches. Length, 12 feet, 3 inches. Height, 4 feet, 6 inches. Track Area: 935 square inches. Pressure per square inch less than 5 pounds. Weight : 6200 pounds. THE YUBA CONSTRUCTION CO. Department E-500 433 California Street, San Francisco, California Gentlemen : Kindly send me a copy of your booklet, "The Yuba Ball Tread Tractor." Name check main chop raised P.O.Box Fruit Rice Town Grapes Alfalfa State Grain Hay Cize of Farm acres Hops Wolf River 7, Banana 3, York Imperial 4, Delicious -4, King David V-i, Bcllllower %, Northern Spy 2, Kaighn Spitz 4, Wealthy 2, Snow 1, Duchess 7, North- western Greening 1, Wagener 1, JelFrey 3, Gravenstein 4, Virginia Beauty 2, Astrachan 1. Total 434 cars. For Garfield and Asotin Counties the estimate is: Pears 12 cars, peaches 35, Rome Beauty 50, Spitzenburg 8, Winter' Banana 1, Jonathan 2, Ben Davis 2, Winesap 1, Stayman 3, Yellow Trans- parent 2, Duchess 2. The fruit crop estimates for the Walla Walla district were submitted to this office by Mr. C. W. Gilbreath, in- spector at large, Walla Walla, Wash- ington. In making the estimates for Walla Walla and Columbia Counties Mr. Gilbreath was fortunate in being able to decide upon final estimates in conference with Captain Paul H. Wey- rauch, president of the Fruit Growers' Agency. C. G. Andrus and Stanley Armstrong assisted Mr. Gilbreath in the estimates for Garfield and Asotin Counties. Spokane District. We have the following report from the Spokane district: "On account of scattered orchards and amount of new acreage coming into bearing it is hard Klickitat County — Apple crop esti- to estimate the crop. Probably 1,000 to mated at 80,000 boxes, pears 5,000 boxes 1,200 cars of apples and 100 cars of and peaches 20,000 boxes, mixed fruit shipments. June drop has The crop estimates for these three been heavy. Practically no hot weather counties were submitted to this ofTice yet. H. W. Samson, Inspector at Large, ^y Mr. I. R. Fletcher, inspector at large, Spokane. Camas, Washington. The following Clarke, Skamania, Klickitat Counties. men gave Mr. Fletcher assistance in ClarkeCounty— The estimate of 7,000,- making these estimates: P. I.Packard, 000 pounds of dried prunes remains as local horticultural inspector, Under- the estimate, as there seems to be no wood, Washington; S. II. Boddinghouse, reason to (hdc for changing this fiirmcr local horticultural insiiector. White estimate. Salmon, Washington; R. W. Cooney, Skamania County — Apple crop esli- local horticullural inspector. Golden- mated at 15,000 boxes. dale, Washington. Sl'MMARY QV CROP REPORT FOR THE STATE OF WASllINCTON, BASICI) ON REPORT PREPARED UNDER DIRECTION OF MR. T. O. MORRISON. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF HORTICULTURE, WASHINGTON Plums S: Apples Peaches Pears Pnines Apricots Cherries Mixed Wenatchcc-North Ccniral Washington District "..flO 134 .'ISO 9(1 170 80 Yakima Vallrv District: Kittitas Ctmnly 2ri0 Yakima County HMr^ 8.34 752 i;!0 Benton County 100 40 80 Walla Walla District: Walla Walla, Columbia Connties. . C W/AV It Will soon be fclme for Fall Spraylno. Get your orchards \.j V V/-V T ^^j fruit trees In prime condition and they Will require but little attention next spring. Destroy scale and similar diseases by spraying MYERS WAY. and have healthy trees that will produce high qrade fruit n ext season. Get ac- jy^ qualntedwlth -^ .— -— . ^-m^^ -^^^ ^^ if-^ OR SPRAY PUMPS a. ACCESSORIES, by asking for a copy of our 64 page Catalog showlngi complete line of Myers Easy Operotlog Patented Cog Gear Bucket and Barrel Spray Pumps for Hand use and Power Equipments with Autoroatlc Pressure Controller for gasoline cnglnc-AII styles, large or small, arc dependable, proven and guaranteed. Write today. --HA-aov^N^ '20 ORMISIGE ST. OUTFIT FO&*«»„^SHl-M NO, OHIO GCNERA.LU5E WINTER STAGE SAN JOSE SCALE The Wenatchee-North Central report is the most thorough and complete of any section in the State of Washington and probably compiled with the most care. It shows the actual number of cars estimated shipped from each sta- tion in that district on the following varieties of fruit: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, apricots and cherries. Equally important, in fact more impor- tant, as apples are the main fruit crop of the Northwest, is the percentage in- formation, showing the percentage of each variety as shipped in the year 1914 (1914 was a very heavy crop), as esti- mated with the year 1916. Due credit is given in this report to the inspectors and assistants who made the estimates in their various districts. Fruit men in general, inspectors in particular, in various fruit sections, not only in the State of Washington but in other North- western states, should take this report as a model next year, endeavoring to render a similar report. Such reports are mighty important, in fact almost a necessity, and if we expect our associa- tions and selling concerns to handle the crop in the most intelligent manner it is absolutely necessary that they should have reliable estimates as to the quan- tity of each variety of fruit, in order to know how to sell in the most intelligent manner. In other words, a man cannot sell intelligently if he does not know what and how much he has to sell. If all the districts would compile such estimates, then each district would not only have information pertaining to itself, but information from all other districts. The Northwest has become so prominent that what one district has has an efl'ect on the market opportuni- ties of another district, effecting prices. Consequently, in order to sell in the most intelligent manner possible, our selling organizations must be provided with the fullest amount of information about the estimates of the crop, not only from one district, but from all other districts in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana, by compiling just such reports as the Wcnatchee-Norlh Central has compiled, which is the only wav this information can be secured. of fruits that are shipped from the Northwest are sold by push-carts in the tenement districts of the big cities. These tenement streets, with their push- carts, are a sight worth seeing, some- The Push-Cart District of New York City. — The illustration on the cover page is a scene on the lower East Side of New York City. It is an interesting picture and has an immense significance in connection with fruit growing, for the reason that an immense proportion WITTE Engine should be compared only with engines sellinjiforfromdoubleto three times as much. I build the very best I know how, regardless of price ami profit and sell direct from factory to user at factory prices. No dealers. WITTE Engines K?^ are so good that the United States government. states, counties and cities buy them to run irri- gation works, licht plants, water works, etc., where absolutely dependable and economical power is roqairr'l. When yoabuya WITIE you will pet just as good an engine aa the government buys. ** — Ed.H. ] WlTTE. 2 3 4 6 8. 12. 1(5 nnd 22 TT-P., sizes In Stationary. Hand Portable, Portable and Saw-RiK types and in etyles to operate on Kerosene, Gasoline. Naphtha, Gas. etc. Pull SO to 60 per cent over ratine; 90 days' trial ; 6-yc(U jruar- antee; cash or eapy terma. Write for big new fruo LooIl, "Uow to JudKC Enjrinei'," price list, etc. WITTE ENGINE WORKS 1881 Oakland Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 1881 Empire BIdg., Pittsburgh, Pa. \ THIS PRESS MAKES GREATER APPLE PROFITS. / / The Monarch Hydraulic Cider Press is suitable for both Individual and merchant service. With It youc;in work up all tlie culls Into profitable cidrr. Our celebrated hi^h pres- sure design, combined with minute accuracy In construction, produces m;ixinium quantity of juice from the appleswithlow operating expense. Monarch Presses are built in sizes having capac- ities from 15 to 400 barrels a day. 60-page Pre>s Catalogue explaining the numerous exclusive Monarch features sent free on request. Write lor this instructive book lo-day. Western Farqohar Machinery Co. SOS £. Salmon St., Portland, Ore in- a\m manufacture Engines, Saw Mills, Thrrsh , I'nlntn iJ— -f.-— . nrnin DrilLt. QWfMrtff.r-s. L30S £. Salmon St., Portland, Ore. in- also manufacture Engines, Saw MfUs, Thn rs I'ntatn iJ-'f.-— . nrnin DriltJ*, ( li/furtf f ^ HMH^ MI^HH BIHHM MH^^ ^^^ WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT /p/d PREPAREDNESS FOR YOUR HOME is important too. A good Airedale means pre- paredness against two and four legged animals — and the best pal ever. Get that child a LADDIX BRED Airedale and feel SAFE. LADDIX KENNELS ESTACADA. OREGON Rides Like An Auto W The New Patented Harvey Bolster Springs are^^ /ma.le just like the hnt-st aLiiomobile springs. Tficyi /absorb all the bumps, jars and jerks of rouKh. uneven /roads, and change an ordinary waeon into an easv- f riding spring wagon. A set on your waeon will enable j you to Ectyour perishable produce to market in first classconditionalways- InsistonHar- vey's. If yourdealer can t supply you write us for free cataloe and price list. Harvey SpringCo.,784-17th SI. .Bacfne,Wi8_ ^SrT' $50.00 ci; WITH THK Gearless Improved Standard Well Drilling Machine DrUla through any forma- tion. Five years ahead of any other. Has record of drilling 130 feet and driving casing In 9 hours. Another record where 70 feet was drilled on 2V^ eallons distillate at 9c per gallon. One man can operate. EHectrically equipped for running nighta. Fishing job Engine ignition. Catalogue W-8. REIERSON fNACHINERY CO.. Mfgs,, 1295-97 Hood St.PorHand.Ore. BOX OPENERS ^'^^"'^"'^ ^ MA MY PRICES .^: MANUFACTURED BY J. F. DUFFY, JR. 563 FULTON STREET CHICAGO. ILLINOIS Elderly Men. Your Opportunity. Many elderly as well as young men are mak- ing good money selling our hardy, guaranteed ornamentals, roses, fruit trees, berries, vines, etc. The prestige of the Washington Nursery Co.— thirteen years in business— handling twelve to fifteen thousand orders annually — insures a hearing wherever you go. Our field reaches from Montana to Southern California and from New Mexico to Northern British Columbia. Cash Weekly. Outfit free, experience unnec- essary. We train you free in salesmanship, landscaping, etc. Best selling season for years. Good business in your own locality. Work all or part time. WRITE TODAY. If not interested perhaps you know some energetic, intelligent man now unemployed. Washington Nursery Company Toppenishr Washington Largest between the Rockies and Cascades. BETTER FRUIT thing neither picture nor article can describe, only in a limited way. In the evening the streets in the tenement dis- tricts are so filled with push-carts and people that it is absolutely impossible to walk on the sidewalk, and frequently the street is so filled that it is with diffi- culty one can go through the street. The Editor visited the tenement dis- tricts when in New York a few years ago, finding it one of the most interest- ing sights in connection with the fruit industry that he visited while on a very extensive tour throughout the United States, in which he visited the auction rooms, the public markets, the docks, of practically every large city in the United States. Page 15 Normal Schools. — For a considerable time there has been an apparent short- age of school teachers. By that is meant a shortage of school teachers of train- ing and ability. The fact of the matter being there are not enough first-class school teachers to fill all of the schools, and naturally most school teachers pre- fer to teach in the large cities, conse- quently the large cities absorb a large part of the first-class teachers, making it very difficult for the balance of the state to obtain satisfactory instructors. In view of this fact it seems the state is justified in maintaining more than one normal school. The Editor being a col- lege graduate, speaks with a great deal of earnestness and has read consider- able upon this subject and educational subjects, and does not hesitate to say that Oregon .should follow plans in ref- erence to normal schools adopted in some of the other progressive states, that is, maintaining more normal schools. In fact, the State of Oregon should have three normal schools. These should be located in the thickly settled districts, one in the eastern por- tion of the state, one at Monmouth and one in Southern Oregon. It is a well known fact that a great many more pupils will attend a school or college close to home than will attend if they have to go a long distance. Conse- quently one or two more normal schools would certainly create a greater attendance, producing a larger number of teachers, and in a short time the supply would be sufTicient. The Keeping Qualities of Apples. — Mr. Charles L. Hamilton, one of the inspectors for the North Pacific Fruit Distributors, and long connected with the Yakima Valley Fruit (Irowers* Asso- ciation as inspector, through many years' experience has accumulated some very valuable information for the bene- fit of the apple grower, which is given in detail in an article appearing else- where in this edition. Such informa- tion is important. Mr. Hamilton knows and he has told you what he knows. Fruit growers should bear in mind that the keeping quality of an ai)ple is im- paired both by being picked too early or being picked too late. Some growers pick too early, others pick too late. This should be correcte(l. Mr. Hamil- ton also lays jKuticular stress on the fact that apples after being picked are APPLES WANTED By Jobbers All Over the United States This is a good year to begin marketing independently. Get the Produce Reporter Service, which includes the Big Blue Book — look up the names of prospective reliable buyers at distant points— write them what you are going to have to sell- start a large correspondence that as soon as the apple shipping season opens will result in wire inquiries and orders from dist- ant buyers. By this method you can get the highest price for your fruit. Produce Reporter Service also includes the assistance of a qual- ified Inspecting and Adjusting Department that, should any of your cars be rejected, you can wire, and we will immediately inspect and report to you the true quality and condition of the goods and the best adjustment or new sale that can be made. There are many other features of the Service that fit and protect the requirements of shippers. Full particulars as to the dif- ferent forms of Service adapted to the needs of large, small and medium size shippers will be furnished upon request without obligation. Produce Reporter Company 212 W. Washington St. CHICAGO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 1 6 BETTER FRUIT October RED CROSS FARM POWDER + The Original and Largest Selling Farm Explosive Why use expensive high power dynannites when this slower, sater farm powder will save you from $3 to ?5 per hundred pounds and in most farm uses do herrer work : BIG BOOK FREE As pioneers and leaders in developmg farming with explosives our booklet gives the latest, most reliable and best illus- trated instructions. Write for HAND BOOK OF EXPLOSIVES No. 338-F. DEALERS WANTED We want live dealers in towns still open. Get the orders resulting from our adver- tising, ^'ou need not carry nor handle stock. State jobber's name or bank reference when writing. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Established 1,S02 fFurld's largest vuikt'rs of farm twploiives Wilmington, Delaware ^.m^i^ k^l Come and Live and Prosper— ORCHARDING in NEVADA COUNTY, CALiFORNIA-Ihe Crand-Prize- Winning Home of the Bartletl Pear pLIMATE ideal for fruit-raising— ideal for ^-^ health. Altitude (2500 feet) just right for healthy orchards and healthy orchardists. There's money in Bartlett Pears and Nevada County, Califomia, grows the best in the world. Won the highest award at the Panama- Pacific International Exposition. Land values have not been boosted sky-high here. Good acreage along the railroad costs but H $40-only $100 just outside the city. Write for literature to CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Grass Valley, California or Promotion Committee, Nevada City. California DVTCft BUI8S RPSE5 •o/ev and' gain a w/io/e Year TALL t ; PLANTING I 64page FALL Catciloj hxsiing the best new and the popular stan- dard varieties. Ask tor CATALOG No. 201 Portland. Oregon allowed to lay in packing houses fre- quently many days before Iieing packed, another mistake which is frequently made in the Northwest and one that must be corrected. Displacement of Horses by Tractors. Tractors are being found to be so much more efTicient and economical that the United States Government is giving the matter particular study, having issued an article containing much information on the subject, which is well worth reading. The article appears on another page in this edition. The Fruit Grovyers' Agency, Incor- porated, has established a special office in the Federal Building in Spokane, which will be the headquarters for the news service of the Fruit Growers' Agency. Information about the move- ment of crops, prices, conditions, etc., will be furnished in weekly, sometimes daily, letters and occasionally telegrams to all the members of the association. Watersprouts and surplus limbs take too much water from the trees in time of drouth; prune out those which are not needed on the tree and save the water for the ripening fruit; fruit won't mature well where shaded by sprouts. The crop shows up better where the tree is kept pruned, admit- ting sunlight and air, and enables the buyer to see the fruit better. These statements are not guesses or mere opinions. They are some of the things that have been proved by careful tests at the Missouri Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Fruit Growers' Conference Preliminary outline of subjects sug- gested for Ninth National Apple Show Conferences of Fruit Growers, to be held at Spokane, Washington, Novem- ber 20 to 2.5, 1916. Four days of conferences suggested. Two days to be given to discussing marketing under auspices of the Fruit Growers' Agency; one day to orchard problems, and one day to by-products. These are just preliminary suggestions. We must learn not only the subjects that the growers need to discuss, but the subjects in which they are so vitally interested that they will attend and discuss. A vitally important sub- ject will bring five hundred growers. It can be profitably follow^ed by another subject that will not interest the grow- ers so directly, but may be more impor- tant to their future. We want sugges- tions of live subjects and of men that are qualified to discuss them. Orchard problems: Fruit buds. How shall we maintain the vigor and bearing of our old trees'? Arc we feeding the trees enough to produce fruit in com- mercially profitable quantities? Ferti- lizing. Cover crops as food for the orchard. .Summer pruning. Pest con- trol. Orchard accounting to determine costs. By-products: The evaporator ques- tion. A discussion led by Dr. J. S. Cald- well of the State College of Washing- ceuEBbhteo iCXSI ^AXLEGREASEf Ic. & S. Clean & Slippery I Grease makes the wheels go | I 'round four at a time and no I stalling. In 1-lb. tins at your dealer WHITTIER-COBURN COMPANY San Francisco $34.50 ENGINE SEPARATORS, SPREADERS .TRACTORS "y ZSU-paL'c free cal.-ilos tells y< hy I sell direct to U8. r. at whole these and uiher imple J. built in tny own fai? __rie9 at Walirloo, at prices one- third to one-half LESS than you usu- ally pay for first-class Roods. All 'sizes, styles and prices of separatiir . engines and spreaders. My Farmobi 'tractor) has no equal for eimplicity elliciency. State what you need. 26u,0(J0 customers testify to Quality of the Galloway line of .i. . __ grKxis. Write tod.iy for your free •o*.To Up copy of this wonderful book of bargains for farm and household. GALLOWAY, Pros., WM. GALLOWAY CO. 1U&' Galloway Station WaterloOi IS^^n£-f5-^ Iowa. B'^KiiSV^-^ , Engines . 526.76 up My Magazine FREE For S\% Months INVESTING FOR PROFIT Send me your name end address right NOW and I win Bend you INVESTING FOR PROFIT magazine absolutely fre« for elz months. It tells how to get the utmost eaminga from your money — how to tell good Investments — how to pick the most profitable of sound investments. It reveals how capitalists make $1,000 grow to $22.000— In fact plves you the vital investing Information that should enable you to make your money grow proportionately. I have de- cided this month to give 500 six-months subecrlptlonB to INA'ESTINO FOR PROFIT free. Every copy It WORTH AT LEAST $10.00 to every Investor — perhaps a fortune. Send your name and address now, mention this paper and get a (ret Introductory subscription. Conditions may prevent re- peating this offer. Better take it now. You'll be wUllng to pay 10c a copy after you have read it six months. H. L. Barber. Pub.. 533-30 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago The Paris Fair HOOD RIVER'S LARGEST AND BEST STORE RETAILERS OF EVEEYTHING TO WEAR AGEa^ITS FOR HAMILTON & BROWN AND THE BROWN SHOES HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES MANHATTAN SHIRTS JOHN B. STETSON HATS NEMO CORSETS Strictly Cash— One Price to All WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION" BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page I J ton, illustrated with drawings of types of evaporators and samples of product. How the Wenatchee district is meeting the evaporator problem in a community way. What can we raise that can be profitably sold in cans, and what can the grower make raising this stuff? A discussion led by W. H. Paulhamus. Marketing: Picking and handling the fruit so that it will stand up in storage. Storage. Commuity packing houses. Mechanical helps in the packing and handling of our fruit. How can we secure an inspection that will keep Apple Distribution Can eighteen thousand and five hun- dred cars of box apples be distributed successfully under the private sale sys- tem now used? Can the several apple operators that have controlled marketing in the large cities distribute their share to the profit of all the growers? Twelve thousand seven hundred cars grown in 1912 brought ruin to the or- chard owners. Thirteen thousand five hundred cars of apples produced in 1914 brought red ink to some growers and no profit to the rest. 1916 alternates with 1912 and 1914, large crop years. The problem of profitable distribution of seven thousand more cars than last year and of five thousand more cars than the banner crop year of 1914, is too large for the present marketing system — but the auctions of the largest cities, with aid of eastern prosperity, can expand the market so as to bring moderate profit to all the growers. Adv. PINEHWALNUTTREES FOR SALE We offer fine stocky prune trees and Vroo- man strain grafted walnut trees at bed-rock prices. Also a full line of other nursery stock at bargain rates. Write today. BENEDICT NURSERY CO. 185 E. 87th St. N. Portland, Oregon Mogul 8-16 — A Real Kerosene Tractor Sells for $725 Cash f. o. b. Chicago GMND PRIZC WINNCR SON FRUNCIScb EXPOSITION WHEN you buy a tractor, look beyond the price. It is not the price a man pays for a tractor which is of the most importance, but what its power costs. A Mogul 8-16 burning kerosene, in 5,000 hours of work, \vill save more than its original price over the cost of the same po\ver produced by a gasohne tractor. Remember, the 8-16 is a real kerosene tractor, planned and built originally for using this cheap, plentiful fuel. Price is of minor importance compared %vith Mogul 8-16 saving. It is our policy to sell the Mogul 8-16 at the lowest possible price, always maintaining Mogul quality, though nowadays some of the materials are almost unobtainable even at an advance in price of from 50 to 100 per cent over the prices of a few months ago. $725 cash f . o. b. Chicago is the lowest price at which Mogul 8-16 can be sold. Orders placed at once will stand the best chance of being filled without delav. See the Mogul 8-16 dealer or write us for the story of kerosene before you buy any tractor. International Harvester Company of America (incorporated) Crawford, Neb, Denver, Col. Helena, Mont. Portland, Ore. San Francisco, Cal. Spokane, Wash. Salt Lake City, Utah ;M||HIII|l|||||||[]||NllllllllHlinMIIIII|[]|||||||||||IE]||||||||llll[3lllllllinilE3llllinillll[]IIIIIIIIIIIIHIIllll^ LADDfflLTON • BANK ■ A Checking Account with this bank places your dealings on a business basis and systematizes payments. Moreover, it is our aim to give individual service to our depos- itors—to give advice on business matters when it is asked— to offer a progressive, helpful bank- Oldest Bank in the D «- "i- t Tu ^ 4. Northwest mg scrvicc. Put it to the test. LADD & TILTON BANK PORTLAND, OREGON =niiiii[]iiiiiiiiiiiic]iuiiiiiiiii[]miiiiiuiiuiiiiiiiiiiii[]niiiiiiiiii[]iiiiiiiiiiiic]iMiiiiiiiiK]iiiiiiiiiiii[}iiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiC]imim^ poor fruit off the market and will guar- antee the pack? What varieties and sizes of apples are unprofitahle? Are wc making a mistake in otVcring more than two grades of fruit on the Eastern market? What improvements do wc need to make in our package? What kind of a special package can wc use to move the lower grade apples? How shall we sell our apples if we are to continue to sell at a profit? What nuisl we do to organize to sell our apples at a prolil ill the future? The service of the I'nited Stales Ollice of Markets, rnifoiin accounting for Ihc marketing organizations. .Xdvcrlising to develop markets for o\u' apples: What is being done? What can he done? What can we do to develop belter outlet for our aiiples in Ihc Norlhwcstern states. What levisions shall we ask in our horticul- lural laws? WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page i8 BETTER FRUIT October 297 Peoria Drills to go - then prices advance !! [f (;NE-\ ^5urf»oi Plant Right for Big Crops! You should buy a Peoria Drill because it will make you more money through big- ger crops — because it plants the seed deep and in the right spot. It isn't wjisted when planted by a Peoria, nor does it feed the birds. It grows and produces. Now is the time to buy— the season is right and we are still selling at the old BEFORE THE WAR PRICES. In a month or so our present stock will be gone and our price must go up because we will have to pay more surselves. Buy now. This Man Had A LUCKY ACCIDENT Read Mr. Rummens' Letter About It — R. M. WADE & CO. Portl.nd. Ore. Pomeroy Wash.. Oct. 16. 1914 Gentlemen — Last year I was using ■ {name furntshed on request) grain drill to seed ground and white working along the right-of-way theteam becime frightened andran across the tracks breaking up the drill badly. I set the broken drill aside and purchased a New Pe- oria Disc Shoe Drill from your Pomeroy, Wash agent, Mr J. R. Stevenson, taking it out and starting to work again where I left off with the other drill. I wish to sny that 1 was per- fectly astonished at the results. When the grain was grown, the point where 1 had begun with the Peoria could be easily marked with the eye. The grain sowed by the Peoria was about four inches higher and at least fifteen to twenty percent thicker. To say that I was highly pleased with the results is stating it mildly. Very truly yours, W. J. RUMMENS For SI years we have sold farm im- plements in the Northwest and our line suits local con- ditions best. 'POKTIiArlV. 329 HAWTHORNE AVE. or THE COFFMAN CO.* 910-928 Howard Street Spokane, Wash.. We occu py an entire block in Port- land on Hawthorne Avenue where we carry an enormous stock. The Keeping Quality of Apples By Charles L. Hamilton, North Yakima, Washington THE apple growers of the Northwest have been gradually improving their methods of orchard opera- tion; that is, they have in a large measure come to the point where a considerable majority appreciate the necessity for thorough and scientific work in the production of their crops. They have come to realize that fine apples, like any other superior product, require for their production the appli- cation of certain now more or less well defined rules and systems for irrigation, cultivation, pruning, spraying and thin- ning, these regulations only varying slightly to meet the peculiar neetls of various local conditions, until at the present time they are able to produce from their orchards good yields of ex- ceptionally fine appearing apples. Tliey have also spent a great deal of time, money and effort on the improvement of the pack and grade of this fruit, and it is now a recognized fact that the pack and grade, especially of those organiza- tions or dealers who have established brands, is much better than that of the Eastern and Middle Western sections. But even with the improved method of growing, and with the high standard of pack and grade, the growers of the Northwest must realize that the Eastern and Middle Western sections are rapidly adopting the Western methods and that it will be but a short time until their apples will be selling alon.gside of ours at about the same prices. This condi- tion is further characterized by the fact that the consumer has little or no pref- erence, so long as he gets a good apple at a fair price. The situation is also made even more serious for the North- west apple grower by reason of the large freight differential working in favor of those sections nearest the large Eastern markets. To meet this threat- ened danger to the apple industry of the Northwest, and overcome it, something must be done to keep our apples in the lead; we must continue to produce a superior product. If we fail in this we will find our fruit competing on a par with Middle Western and Eastern barrel stock, which of course would mean practically an end to growing apples on a large commercial scale here in the Northwest. This is a thing which is not only possible, but is practicable, and can be secured by the proper handling of the apples. If we are to continue to produce "something better" we must devise ways and means for keeping in the lead of our aggressive neighbors east of the Rockies. We do not mean to place too much emphasis on this phase of the matter or appear in the light of a "calamity howler," but that there is an Eastern peril and one which we must some day meet we believe no one will dispute. That it has already become ([uile markedly apparent may be veri- fied by any of our Western sales agencies. We do not propose to offer an entire solution of this new problem which confronts the fruit growers of the Northwest, as there must be systematic co-operation between the several de- partments of our industry to secure this result; that is, our traffic departments Turn Apple Waste to PROFIT 4S^~^\ Cider Making Will Pay Someone in Your Section Handsomely Will ItBeYou? Start a pajing bus- iness that yrows al- \ \ most without effort. Thousands are making Bis Money turning ap- ple waste into profit for their neighbors by making Good Marketable Cider from windfalls, culls, un- dergrades. etc., on Mount Gilead Hydraulic Cider Presses Sizes 10 to 400 bbls. daily. We also make cider evapo- rators, apple butter cookers, vjn egar generators, filters, etc. All machinery is fully guaran- teed. All power presses steel beams and sills. Write today for catalog. HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO. 60 Lincoln Ave. Mt. Gilead, Ohio | Pacific Coast Representatives THE BERGER & CARTER CO. 17th & Mississippi Sts., San Francisco, Cai. TABLETS ONLY RATS WILL EAT TRY BEFORE YOU PAY KILLS 4 RAT."; FOR 1 CENT MOmSRin MR CO., Orrl 3 8l00l»nElD. II I, n s.«. ipi6 must labor with the railroads for lower freight rates or better transportation facilities; our sales departments must do their part in the advertising of our product and the development of new markets, getting our fruit to the con- sumer at a fairly remunerative price to the grower; our organizing departments must work as a whole to get the grow- ers together and keep them there. These departments, however, will be helpless and their work of no avail unless the growers themselves give them a supe- rior product to work with — not some- thing just a little better, but something which will far surpass the product of other and competing sections. It is to this phase of the subject that I wish to draw your attention — to the producing of apples which have something which the others have not, and "that some- thing," in the case of the apple, we believe is superior keeping qualities. This is a thing which is not only pos- sible, but practicable as well, and can be secured by proper handling of the fruit. I wish to offer a few suggestions along this line, as it must be the first move on the part of the fruit growers of the Northwest to thwart the growing Eastern menace, and is one with which we have had some intimate experience during the past two seasons. It is a well known fact that apples which grow on young tres will not hold up as well as those from older trees, nor will the fruit from low elevations hold up as well as that from the higher elevations, provided the fruit is picked at the same time and handled in the same way; but when it is picked at the same stage of ripeness and handled in the proper manner this difference to a certain extent disappears. To secure the proper degree of ripeness it may be necessary to pick on the lower eleva- tions from a week to two weeks earlier than on the higher land. It has been the custom with a great many of the growers of the Northwest BETTER FRUIT Page ip IT Of DENNEY & CO CHICAGO Specialize in Box Apples and Other Western Fruits We're ready to talk business with those having good fruit. Write or wire us what you have to offer, or communicate with F. H. HOGUE, North Yakima, Wash. Save one-half MICA Axle Grease lasts twice as long as ordinary axle grease. Contains powdered mica — a mineral lubricant that is practically wear and heat-proof. It gives a cool, slippery coating that clings to the spindle, makes easier pulling, and out-lasts plain grease two to one. Saves harness, saves horses, saves money. Get a can from your dealer today. Standard Oil Company (California) MICA AXLE GREASE J. & H. GOODWIN, Ltd. Apple Importers Commercial Sales Room, Deansgate, Manchester, England Floral Street, Covent Garden Market, London, England Fruit Exchange, Victoria Street, Liverpool, England Humber Dock Street, Hull, England AMERICAN ADDRESSES: 97 Warren Street, New York, N. Y. 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts Consignments and Correspondence Solicited to wait until their apples were highly colored, regardless of the degree of ripeness; pick them in a careless man- ner and leave them in the orchard boxes out under the trees for a number of days. Sometimes the fruit is pro- tected from the sun, and sometimes it is not. Later, at their convenience, they haul it into a packing house, where it is sorted and packed, and eventually loaded onto a wagon and delivered to their organization or dealer. By the time these apples reach the shipper they have had most of the keep- ing quality taken out of them by the manner in which they have been han- WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT October Store Your Apples in a Warehouse Proven Superior Efficient Service Storage-in-transit privilege. Free Switching, Low Storage and Insurance Rates. Liberal advances. Wire for proposition. OMAHA COLD STORAGE CO., Omaha, Nebraska Spend a Nickle and Save a Dime No. 3 Peerless Duplex Strapping in coils of 6,500 feet each— $14.63 per coil with liberal discount. Use Peerless Duplex Strapping ON YOUR Shipping Boxes and (1) You will prevent pilfering. (2) You will prevent damage in handling. No. 3 Duplex Strapping is made of high grade Cold Rolled Steel of considerable tensile strength and pliability. The turned edge protects Ihe packer's hands; the knurled center prevents the nail from slipping while being driven. Discounts and Information from Pacific Coast Representatives A. C. RULOFSON CO. No. 359 Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California TWISTED WIRK AND STEEL CO. 515-521 Greenwich Street, New York, N. Y. Minneapolis Cold Storage Co. Latest and Modern Construction with Automatic Sprinkler Protection Throughout. Located on Gt. Nor. and C. B. & Q. Tracks with Free Switching to and from All Roads Storage-in-Transit Privilege with Low Storage Rates and Liberal Advances. Write or wire us. 71-89 West Island Ave., Minneapolis, Minnesota L. B. KILBOURNE, President L. A. GOSS, V.-Pres. and Mgr. (lied, and by the time they reach their destination, if shipped out immediately, they are overripe, and in some cases even show decay. The dealer at the other end takes a "bumping" on the fruit handled in this manner, and begins to look around for some good Eastern barreled stock. Or if this fruit, instead of being shipped immediately, is held at the growing end for any length of time, it is usually necessary to repack before shipping. Such is the result of this method of handling the fruit from the time it is packed until it reaches the consumer. There is another type of grower in the Northwest who, having made a study of the proper method of handling his fruit, begins picking his apples when they have reached the proper degree of ripeness, regardless of the color. He handles the fruit carefully, being careful to pick the fruit with the stems intact, and avoids all bruising from rough handling; hauls it into the packing house as soon as it is picked, packs it up immediately and delivers it to his shipper, usually within a period of thirty-six hours from the time it is picked. This fruit may not look quite as well as that which has the heavier color and which has received the indif- ferent handling, but from the stand- point of quality it is worth a great deal more money; for as a rule a "Fancy" or "Second Grade" will bring considerably more when it is known to possess good keeping qualities than an "Extra Fancy" or "First Grade" which lias had the life taken out of it before it reaches the trade. The time for picking the different varieties is rather a hard one to de- scribe. Let us take two varieties as examples — one a fall apple and the other a winter apple. In the case of the Jonathan apple the grower should watch the fruit carefully, and as soon as the trees show a heavy enough per- centage of fruit which has two-thirds good red color they should begin pick- ing. Jonathans, to be in prime condi- tion, should be a dark green color, and not show the yellow tinge which this variety takes on when it starts to ripen. Occasionally we find in the orcahrds in the Yakima Valley Jonathans which will not come up to the two-thirds color requirements, but start to turn a yellow, creamy color without developing the red sufficiently to meet the Extra Fancy grade rules. The fruit, when in this condition, is a little past the proper stage of ripeness for this variety and OREGON SEEDS Vetch or "Tares," a great forage or seed crop. Red Clover Alsyke "Three Grain Oats," wonderful yielder. Gray Winter Oats We will be glad to communicate with you on any of your requirements, send samples and quote prices. We have the largest and best cleaning facilities in the Willamette Valley. Let us hear from you on car lots. CORVALLIS FLOURING MILLS CORVALLIS. OREGON Homeof the famousOregon Agricultural College WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 should not be allowed to hang longer on the trees. In one sense this matter of sacrificing color for keeping quality, or keeping quality for color, resolves itself into a dilemma for the grower, but it has been our experience that the grower who pins his faith on the keep- ing qualities of his fruit rather than on color stands a far better chance of com- ing out ahead of his brother gi-ower who chooses the other alternative. At least, we feel perfectly safe in saying this is true in the long run and believe the records of our sales agencies would verify it. For instance, the conditions in the Middle West which our salesmen have had to face the past few months with our fall apples go far toward proving our contention. On the other hand, color need not be altogether sac- rificed, as it may be helped in a very large degree by certain methods of cul- tivation and pruning, while keeping qualities can only be attained by pick- ing at the proper time and careful and expeditious handling thereafter. After the time of picking has been decided by the individual grower, he should make every effort possible to harvest this variety in as short a time as possible. The fruit should be care- fully picked and hauled directly from the orchard on a wagon or a truck which is equipped with a set of good springs, to the packing house, where it should immediately be sorted and packed. In the sorting and packing care should be taken to properly handle the fruit; bruises and punctures should all be taken out, and only the good sound fruit packed. The packer should take care to see that the stem of one apple does not come against the cheek of another, as when the pressure is applied in nailing on the lid and in the subsequent jostling of the box incident to transportation, this will cause a bruise or puncture; or that his packs do not run too high, as this will cause bruising of many apples when the lid is pressed home. He should have not more than the required three-fourths bulge on the top and on the bottom and should have the apples firmly in the box cross-ways. After the fruit is packed it should be hauled to the warehouse in a wagon which has a good set of springs. The apples should be delivered on the same day they are packed, if possible, or if not, at least within twelve hours after they are packed, as the matter of time which the fruit is held on the ranch or in the packing shed after being picked and before it reaches proper storage is crucial in determining its keeping qual- BETTER FRUIT Page 21 liaiijKes/© Tree Protectors' U^^ Sure. Certain — Safe. One rabbit In a single nifihtc^inruin mnny trees. Trees only girdled aie almost H-ortliles9. flet dollars' worlb of protection at a fraction of a rent cost Willi Hawkeye Tree Protectors. Mnde of elm veneer, cheni- leiiliy treated. E^isdy put on. last long. Cct tliem on vnnr trees before the snow comrs. Ic each In 100 lots; %Q. in 1000 lots. Send for eiieitlar and sample. Burlington Basket Co., 118 Main St., Burlington^ Iowa. Fruit Prices Are Soaring We Have the Trees Mf Plnyifpr • ^o what you should have done mr. reamer, ^j^^.^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ a commercial orchard bordered with the Vrooman Strain Franquette English Walnut \Mr. Salesman, write us the territory. Capital City Nursery Company SALEM, OREGON PORTLAND, OREGON Portland Hotel The hotel which made Portland, Oregon, famous. Most Desirably Located. In the Center of Shopping and Theatre District. Covers a City Block. Broadway, Sixth, Morrison and Yamhill Streets European PIai»— $1.00 per day and upward Write for Portland Hotel Booklet. GEO. C. OBER, Manager Arcadia Irrigated Orchards THE LARGEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD PROJECT IN THE ENTIRE WEST 7,000 acres planted to winter apples. Gravity irrigation. Located 22 miles north of Spokane, Washington, directly on the railroad. We plant and give four years' care to every orchard tract sold. $125, first payment, secures 5 acres; $250, first payment, secures 10 acres; balance monthly SEND FOR BOOKLET Arcadia Orchards Company Deer Park, Washington VHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 22 BETTER FRUIT October lOR lALLdOWING "Diamond Quality" TESTED CLOVERS— ALFALFA VETCHES— GRAINS GRASSES and FIELD SEEDS MIXTURES for DRY LAND- WET LAND— BURNS— Permanent HAY CROPS and PASTURES- COVER CROPS for ORCHARDS WRITE FOR SAMPLES [and Prices or Send in Your Order — You will Receive Prompt Service and Full Value ASK FOR CATALOG No. 200 PORTLAND SEED CO. Portland, Ore. Agents "CLIPPER" Fanning Mlll» PORTLAHD t40RTHBANK ROAD ■■ A PLEASANT ROUTE EAST Along the Grand Canyon of the Colum- bia, the Rim of the Great Snake River Canyon. Spokane and the Inland Empire. Two Fine Trains DAILY Portland to Chicago in 72 hours CALIFORNIA S.S. "Great Northern" and "Northern Pacific" the ships that equal trans-Atlantic liners for speed and equipment Hawaiian Cruises S.S. "Great Northern," Nov. 7 and 27 Send for Hawaiian literature. R. H. CROZIER. A. G. P. A. Portland. Oregon ities. The shorter the time at the pick- ing and packing end, the longer the life of the apple. With the Winesap, which we select as our example from the winter varie- ties, the same method in regard to the picking and handling should be fol- lowed. To properly determine when this apple should be picked depends upon the locality in which it is raised. It is a safe rule, however, to begin pick- ing just as soon as the apple has taken on the light, bright red color character- istic of the variety. A great many of the orchardists in the Northwest are under the impression that this variety of apple should be a dark red or almost a black color. This condition, however, is not desirable from the standpoint of keeping qualities. It shows a condition or ripening on the trees, and usually those apples which have the deep red or black color are beginning to show some water-core. Water-cored apples, while they will hold up a certain length of time, cannot be compared in their keeping qualities with those which are picked earlier and which have the light, bright red color. The same rules which we have suggested for handling these varieties will hold good as to other varieties, with such modifications and additions as the peculiarities of each individual variety may require. It is, of course, also true that every man's orchard is a unit in itself, or even small sections of the same orchard. Each block of an identical variety where con- ditions are entirely similar should be handled as a unit. The ideal method of handling apples is through the cold storage room, but of course there are a good many dis- tricts in which this is not possible. Fruit for cold storage purposes should be placed in the cold storage plants the same day that the fruit is picked and packed, or if this is not possible, it should at least be in on the second day. We have learned from experience that, to hold fruit in storage, it is absolutely necessary to place it there while it is in the same condition it was in when taken from the trees. Our experience shows that fruit which has been held in dry storage for any length of time and which has not been properly handled on the ranch will not hold in cold storage. I believe it is Mr. Davidson who is responsible for the truism that "The best time to place an apple in cold stor- age is the day it is picked, the next best time, the day after." If this could be followed literally or even approxi- mately in conjunction with the other suggestions we have made, by North- west apple growers, we believe that we would be well on the way to giving our fruit "that something" in the way of keeping qualities which would place it in the lead of all other sections, and maintain, insofar as the producing end of the industry is concerned, that marked superiority with which the Northwest apple has been naturally endowed and upon the continued main- tenance of which the future of the industry largely depends. 308 X Yes is a Vote for Your Children Square Deal for Eastern Oregon If you are in favor of a square deal for the country East of the Cascades you will vote for and work for THE PROPOSED RASTERN OREGON STATE NORMAI. SCHOOL AT PENDLETON, OREGON. Trained Instructors Wanted Everj' resident of Eastern Oregon has a vital interest in the passage of this meas- ure, for Eastern Oregon pays HIGH SALARIES to her teachers and is entitled to the services of TRAINED INSTRUC- TORS. Only Costs 4 Cents per $1,000 The annual cost of maintenance of the proposed State Normal School amounts to BUT ONE 25th OF A MILL OR 4 CENTS ON A THOUSAND DOLLABS of taxable property. Isn't it worth this to you to have your children trained to become USEFUL AND PRODUCTIVE citizens? Strong Endorsements Among those who strongly endorse the establishment of the proposed Eastern Oregon Normal Scliool are Governor Withycombe. J. H. Ackerman. President of the Monmouth Staid Normal: W. J. Kerr. President of the Oregon Agricultural College; P. L. Campbell, President of the State University; Rol)ert C. Franch, former President of the Weston Normal, and practi- cally all of the leading educators of the State. J. A. Churchill, Superintendent of Public Instruction, voices the sentiments of those who are most familiar mth the need of more adequate Normal facilities when he says: "Oregon's greatest need for its rural schools is the teacher who has had full preparation to do her work. Such preparation can best come through Normal School training. "1 trust that the voters of the State will assist In raising the standard of our schools by establishing a State Normal SchocH at Pendleton. The location is central, the interest of the people of Pendleton in edu- cation most excellent, and the large number of pupils in the public schools will give ample opportunity to students to get the amount of teaching practioe re- quired in a standard normal school." Vote Right By voting YES for No. 308 you will help to give to the school children of Oregon the same advantages enjoyed by the school children of our neighboring states. Vote YES for No. 308. Eastern Oregon State Normal School Committee By J. H. Gwinn. Secretary. Pendleton. Oregon (Paid advertisement.) WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Tarred Berry Twine For tying Lagonberry, Raspberry and Black- berry vines or otlier small fruits and shrubs to trellises, stakes or supports. A single Tarred Yam, about 400 feet to the pound, put up in 5-lb. balls, 10 balls to the sack. The time will soon be at hand for cleaning up berry patches and getting vines and shrub- bery in suitable condition for another year. Sold by All Dealers Handling Orchard Supplies MANUFACTIRKD BY The Portland Cordage Co. PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 How the Apple Forms Its Buds [From Fruit-Bud Development of the Apple, by F. C. Bradford.] UNDER normal conditions the Yel- low Newtown forms its fruit- buds on two or three-year-old wood. Under favorable conditions a bud pro- duced in the axil of a leaf on wood of the current year will produce next year a short spur, with whorled leaves, and in the following year this spur will bear fruit. Normally the spur, having born fruit, will form a fruit-bud during the succeeding year, which may be ex- pected to bear again the following year. These apparently normal conditions are often changed, however. A spur may bear fruit two years in succession and the terminal or sometimes axillary buds produced one year may bear fruit the following year. The Newtown is not one of the varieties that regidarly form axillary fruit-buds on new wood and nothing in relation to the time of forming such buds was definitely learned. Terminal fruit-buds on one-year-old wood are formed more or less in all varieties and are numerous enough in some to be considered normal. This condition was so widespread in the Oregon Agricultural College orchards in 1914 that it was observed on all vari- eties except one or two. It is very com- mon in Yellow Newtowns, especially on young trees, their entire first crop resulting from such buds. On older trees, this formation of fruit-buds seems to be an expression of super- abundance, that is, it is when a tree is forming fruit-buds in great abun- dance that many will be found as ter- minals of one-year-old wood. If the number of buds being formed is small, there will be practically none at all on the one-year-old wood. The reduc- tion in numbers is so great that it does not seem to be a mere shrinkage of numbers, but an actual shifting of pro- portions. The actual time of visible differentia- tion into fruit-buds of this class of Newtowns is somewhat behind that taken as normal. On buds taken August 11, 1912, the terminals were considerably less advanced than the normal buds at this time. Yet, by Sep- tember 16, when other material was taken these buds seemed to be fully as far advanced as the normal. It is well known that the terminal clusters open earlier in the spring than the others. The earlier stages of buds on two or Ihree-year-old wood, which are form- ing fruit-buds for the first time, are similar to those on spurs bearing fruit during the current year. Differentia- tion into fruit-buds begins at the same time and continues well throughout the sunuTier. The condition of the aver- age bud of this class is the same as that of the buds of olders spurs, which have born in jirevious years. The fact that late development is so rare suggests that the few cases observed may have been caused by any accidental summer pruning. Many buds have been found on spurs which are bearing in the current year, which matured fruit in two successive BETTER FRUIT Page 2S WE SPECIALIZE IN THE STORAGE OF APPLES And offer LOW INSURANCE MODERN STORAGE FACILITIES FOUR TRUNK LINE RAILROADS FAVORABLE FREIGHT RATES ALONG WITH A Storage Capacity of 375,000 Boxes AT FAVORABLE STORAGE RATES All fruit for shipment is put in proper shipping condition by experienced help. Ebner Ice and Cold Storage Company GENERAL OFFICE: VINCENNES, INDIANA Flora, Illinois; Carmi, Illinois; Washington, Indiana; Seymour, Indiana Payette Cold Storage Co. Under the Management of DENNEY & CO. PAYETTE, IDAHO This is the year to store your Ben Davis apples and the West is the place to store them. We have the most modern Cold Plant in the West, on the main line to all Eastern points. Storage In-Transit rates are in effect on this line. Liberal advances made on Storage Stock. For full particulars write F. H. HOGUE, North Yakima, Wash., Box 144 R. H. WEBBER, Hood River, Oregon S. G. SMITH, Freewater, Oregon DENNEY & CO., Payette, Idaho CHAS. A. BINGAMAN, Imbler, Oregon FRUIT GROWERS AND ASSOCIATIONS: Please keep us in mind regarding the marketing of your APPLES and other fruits. If you haven't already arranged for selling your crop we would appreciate your writing to us at once stating fully what Our Mr. W. C. Michaels is now stationed at Wenatchee, Wash. Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore CHICAGO, ILLINOIS lltWestSo.Water St. VRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRl'lT Page 24 BETTER FRUIT FOR SALE At A Sacrifice Two hundred acres of the finest orchard in the Wanatchee District. Good water-right. Just come into bearing, together with eight hundred acres adjoining without water. Varieties of apples the best. Property must be sold soon; reasons made known to prospective purchaser. Will sell for less than one-half value. Possible to pay for the place in two crops. Terms can be made to suit purchaser. All stock and machinery goes with the place. Wenatchee Orchard Land Company WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON ED. S. RUSSELL, President U. G. POGUE, Secretary GO EAST UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM RETURN THE SAME WAY SUPERIOR SERVICE Through Sleeping Cars to and from Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, Denver and intermediate points. Dining Car Service second-to-none. The Route is via the famous Columbia River — The "Old Oregon" and "Pioneer" Trails — wonderful in scenic and historic interest. Automatic Signals guarding the entire main line, and 1,140 miles of double- track are guarantees of the high stand- ard the Union Pacific sets. UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM JOINS WEST AND EAST WITH A BOULEVARD OF STEEL Tickets, reservations and travel service to suit yourneeds upon'application to CITY TICKET OFFICE, Washington at Third or the General Passenger Agt., PORTLAND October years. Sections of buds from bearing spurs showed fruit-buds formed for the following year. In this case, the con- dition of the tree as a whole seems to have considerable influence on it. In a year of a very small crop, those spurs which were bearing were as likely to form fruit-buds for the next year as those not bearing. On the other hand, when a tree is bearing a full crop, very few, even of the spurs not bearing, will form fruit-buds for next year. Those spurs that have born fruit previously but are out of bearing the current year, showing less variation in time of difTer- entiation and more uniformity of de- velopment than is shown by fruit-buds on spurs that have born in previous years. Yet, even in these buds there is some late development, early stages being occasionally found in late August but less than was found in buds of other kinds. Because of this relative stability, the development is considered as normal to which all other classes of buds are referred. Buds from spurs that have borne blossoms in the spring of the current year, but have failed to set or to carry the fruit for any considerable period of time, show throughout the summer every possible range of variation from the first diflferentiation to stages even slightly in advance of the normal. This may be more or less related to the period at which the fruit has fallen, the most advanced occurring on spurs where the blossoms failed to set fruit and the earliest stages appearing where the fruit hung for a long time. There has thus been .shown some difference in the time of fruit-bud for- mation in buds in different positions. This is observable until late in the fall, when all fruit-buds seem to be retarded measurably in their progress, and de- velop equally from then on, until very near the time of blossoming in the spring. Fairs, Land and Apple Shows Idaho State Fair. Caldwell, October 3-fi. Harney County Fair and Horse Show, Burns, Oregon, October 3-7. Klickitat County Fair, Goldendale, Washing- ton, October 4-7. Northwest Land Products Exposition, Seat- tic, Washington, October 4-14. Mountain Farm Bureau Fair, Ahwohnee (Grub Gulch), California, October 6-7. West Clallam County Fair, Forks, Washing- ton, October 10. Clallam County Fair, Port Angeles, Washing- ton, October 12-14. Kern County Agricultural Fair, Bakersfleld. California, October 24-28. Ninth National A])ple Show, Spokane, Wash- ington, November 20-25. Northwest Livestock Show, Lewiston, Idaho, November 26 to December 2. Cascade International Stock Show, North Yakima, Washington, November 27 to Decem- ber 2. International Livestock Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, December 2-9. Pacific International Livestock Exposition, North Portland, Oregon, December 4-9. National Western Stock Show, Denver, Colo- rado, January 20-27. PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 6 & 7, 122^ j Grand Ave.. Portland, Oregron "WTioleaalers of Nursery Stock and Nursery Buppllaa A very complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs. Vines. Etc. SPECIALXrES Clean Coast Growrn Seedlinps Oregon Cbampion Gooseberries and W^rite Now^ Perfection Currants Write 'Now WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 Farm Loan Act, Etc. Continucti from last issue Amortization Plan of Repaying Loans It has been said that all loans are to be repaid on the anioiiization plan. This plan calls for a number of fixed annual or semi-annual payments, which include not only all interest and charges due the bank, but the principal as well. These payments are so calcu- lated as to extingui.sh the debt in a given number of \ears. After five years the borrower has the right on any in- terest date to make additional pay- ments on the principal in sums of .$25 or any nmltiple thereof, thus discharg- ing the debt more quickly. The table given below illustiates how a loan of •$1,000 bearing interest at 5 per cent would be retired in twenty years by an annual payment of -$80.24. A study of the columns shows how from year to year the interest is reduced and the proportion of the payment which goes to discharge the principal steadily in- creases. The final payment cancels the debt: Total Amount of ANXl^AL annual Interest at Paid on principal PERIODS payment 5 per cent principal still unpaid 1 .$80.24 $50.00 $30.24 $969.7G 2 80.24 48.48 31.75 938.00 3 80.24 46.90 33.34 904.67 4 80.24 45.23 35.01 869.66 5 80.24 43.48 36.76 832.90 6 80.24 41.64 38.59 794.31 7 80.24 39.71 40.52 753.79 8 80.24 37.68 42.55 711.23 9 80.24 35.56 44.68 666.56 10 80.24 33.32 46.91 619.C4 11 80.24 30.98 49.26 570..39 12 80.21 28.51 51.72 518.67 13 80.24 25.93 54.31 404.36 14 80.24 23.21 57.02 407.34 15 80.24 20.36 59.87 317. Ki 16 80.24 17.37 62.87 2S1.III 17 80.24 14.23 66.01 218.511 18 80.24 10.93 69.31 119.28 19 80.24 7.46 72.78 76.50 20 80.33 3.83 76.50 Toltil. . ..$1604.89 ?604.81 SIOOO.OO Funds Available for Loans .\fter a Federal land bank has loaned on first mortgage $50,000, it can obtain permission from the F^arni Loan Board to issue $50,(100 in farm-loan bonds basetl on these mortgages, sell such bonds in the open market and use the money thus obtained to lend on other mortgages. This process of lending on BETTER FRUIT P"S'^ ^5 First National Bank HOOD RIVER, OREGON A. D. MOE - - E. O. BLANCHAR President - Cashier Capital and Surplus $125,000 Assets Over $500,000 Member Federal Reserve System Winter is comind Cold, rainy days— then you'll appreciate t.he cosy, cheery warmth of a good oil heater. Can be carried easily and safely from room to room. One gallon of Pearl Oil gives 9 hours of steady, odorless, clean heat. Perfedion Oii Heaier Dealers Everywhere STANDARD OIL COMPANY (California) "BLUE RIBBON" Grimes Golden and Jonathan Apples Winter ileitis and Bur re D'Jinjou Pears In straight or mixed cars. All orders given careful and prompt attention. Wire for Prices. Yakima County Horticultural Union FRCD EBERLE. Manager NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVICKTISERS MENIIUN BKTTCR FRUIT Pa,i^c 26 BETTER FRUIT October " Young man, the best tonic for you is the right kind of food. I suggest for Breakfast Gkirardelli's Ground Chocolate It's easily assimilated — it's extraordinarily nutritious — and it is supremely delicious. " It comes PROTECTED— as all chocolate should — in J J -lb., I -lb. and 3-lb. hermet- ically sealed cans. Since 1852 D. GHIRARDELLI CO. San Francisco I RHODES DOUBLE CUT PRUNING SBEAB RHODES MFQ. CO., •ao ». DIVISION AVe . aRAND RAPID5, HICIL "THE onl, prunec made thai ciA from both sides ol the limb and does not bruise the bark. Mad* m •II styles and sizes. W* pay Elxpiess charg«t on all orders. Write fof circular awl prices. Ore£(on Nursery Company ORENCO, OREGON Extensive growers of all lines of Fruit, Nut and Shade Trees, Ever- greens, Flowering Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. Introducers of the VROO- MAN FRANQUETTE walnut, recognized as the best walnut. Our large complete stock consists of varieties suitable for every kind of climate. Write us about your wants before buying. mortgages and selling bonds in issues of $50,000 may be repeated until bonds lo the amount of twenty times the hank's paid-up capital arc outstanding. If each bank should have only its re- ([uired niinimum paid-up capital of $7.50,000, this plan will provide eventu- allv, if all the authorized bonds of the twelve banks are sold, over $180,000,(100 lo lend on first mortgages on farm land. The banks, however, can increase their capital stock above the required mini- mum and so increase the amount of bonds they can sell, and thus increase the total amount of money available for loans on farm mortgages. To make these bonds attractive to investors, the bonds, together with the mortgages upon which they are based, are ex- empted from federal, state, municipal and local taxation and are made legal investments for fiduciary and trust funds. The capital stock of the Fed- eral land banks is also exempt from taxation. Federal reserve banks and member banks of that system are em- powered to buy and sell these bonds. They are to be issued in denomina- tions of $20, $50, $100, $.')00 and $1,000. Organization of Banks The temporary management of the Federal land banks is to be in the hands of five directors appointed by the Fed- eral Farm Loan Board. As soon, how- ever, as the subscriptions from the loan associations total $100,000, regular directors are to be appointed as fol- lows: Three district directors, resident in the district, shall be appointed by (he Federal Farm Loan Board to repre- sent the public interest, and six local directors, resident in the district, shall be elected by the farm-loan associa- tions, who must be stockholders in the bank. The F"ederal Farm Loan Board shall designate one of its appointees to act as chairman. The act requires that at least one of the three district directors shall be experienced in farm- ing and actually engaged at the time of his appointment in farming operations within the district. Any compensation paid to the directors must be approved by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Officers of Loan Associations Each loan association must have a board of directors and a secretary- treasurer. The directors shall serve without pay. The secretary-treasurer shall leceive such compensation as FRANQUETTES AND MAYETTES GRAFTED Splendid stock of the above. Large trees, best and purest strain. Prices on application. TABLE GROVE NURSERIES, Healdsburg,Cal. Nice Bright Western Pine FRUIT BOXES AND CRATES Good standard grades. Well made. Quick shipments. Carloads or less. Get our prices. Western Pine Box Sales Co. SPOKANE. WASH. WHEN WRITING ADVFRTISF.KS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ipi6 BETTER FRUIT Page 21 may be deteriiiined by the board of directors. The association must ap- point an appraisal committee for tlie purpose of valuing lands offered as se- curity for loans. No member of such committee shall have any interest in the property upon which he passes. Funds for Current Expenses To provide funds for current ex- penses, the loan association may retain as a commission from each interest