Otil U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ANNUAL BEPOBT OF THE OFFICE OF EXPFKIMEXT STATIONS FOR THE YEAU ENDEJ^ .lUXE 30, l«JU:i. LIBRARY NEW YORK 80TAMCAL qakobn. WASHINGTON: GOVERN3IENT rillKTING OFFICE. 1904. //^ LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL IaKOBN. THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. STAFF. A. C. Tiu'E, Ph. J)., Director. E. W. Ai.LKN, Ph. 1)., Assistant Director and Editor of Expcriiuent Station Kecord. \V. 11. Bkal, B. a., M. E , Chief of Editorial Division. W. H. EvAx.s, Ph. D., Chief of Division of Insular Stations. John Hamilton, Farmers' Institute Specialist. Mrs. C. E. JoHN.sToN, Chief Clerk. Sarah L. Sommeiw, Record Clerk. EDITOKIAI. DKl'AKTMENTS. E. AV. Allen and H. W. Lawsox, B. S., Chemistry, K1''I('K OK KXl'KKIMKNT STATIONS. NUTRITION INVl'>rn(iATI()NH. W. <). Atw.mkk, I'll. !>., Chii'f of nutrition inv«'Hti)^a(ionH,'iMi., riivfioloj^'ital ilii-iiiiHt. K. D. MiLNEU, I'll. H., AHsisUmt. IRRIQATION lNVKSTI(i.\TIONH. Ehwooi) ^Ik.\1), -M. S., C. 1'"-., C'luL'f of inij;ation iiivi-.'^tiKiitionH. C. K. T.MT, B. S., Assistant in charfjc of central district. Samuki, Fortiek, M. E., Agent and expert in charge of western dintrict. J. S. I^AKKH, Agent and expert in charge of northern district. K. r. Teei.k, M. a., Ivlitorial assistant. C. G. Elliott, C. E., Agent and expert in charge of , lOOJf. 5 LiriTliR OF TRAXSMIITAL. U. S. Department of Agrtcut.ture, Office of the Secretary, Wa.'riati(in hereby made are in accordance with the provisions of the said act, and shall make report thereon to Congress. Reports are also included on the experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, which are provided for in the appro])riation act aforesaid and are directl}' managed by this Department. If this report is pu])lished by Congress, it is desirable that 5,000 copies siiouid be provided for the use of tliis Department, and that provision be made to print such a report anmially. I have the honor to bo, sir, your ob(Mli(Mit servant, James Wilson, The President. Secretary. LinTliR Ol- SIP.MITTAL. Office of Experiment Stations, Washingtricultui-al experiment stations in the United States for the liscal year ended June 8(J, ll>03. This is the ninth annual report on the Avork and expenditures of the aj^rieultural experiment stations in the United States, made b}' the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations, under instructions from the Secretar}' of Agriculture. As heretofore, the report is based on three sources of information, viz, the annual iinancial statements of the stations, rendered on the schedules prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture, in accordance with the act of Congress; the printed reports and ))ulletins of the stations; and the reports of personal examinations of the work and expenditures of the stations made dur- ing the past year by the Director, assistant director, and one other expert officer of the Office of Experiment Stations. In addition to the brief accounts of all the stations, the detailed reports of the special agents in charge of the stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and siunmary statements regarding the special investigations in charge of this Office have been included, together with special articles on progress in agricultural education, farmers' institutes in the United States, instruction in agriculture in land-grant colleges and schools for colored persons, development of the text-hook of agriculture in North America, agricultural economics as a subject of study in the agi'icultural college, experiment station work with apples, a summary of recent American work on feeding stuffs, and organization of governing boards and rules adopted b}' them for the regulation of agricultural experiment stations. Very respectfully, A. ('. True, Director. Hon. . I AMES Wilson, Scerftdvy of Agriculturi'. 9 C0\T1-\TS. Page. Work and cxpenrlitures of the agricultural experiment stations 23 Suiiiiuary 23 Statistics of the stations 23 Progress of the stations 24 Needs of the stations 27 Statistics of the land-grant colleges 34 Progress in agricultural education 34 The farmers' institutes 35 The Association of Colleges and Stations 38 The Office of Experiment Stations 38 Experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico 39 Nutrition investigations 41 Irrigation investigations 42 The duty of water 42 Methods of distribution of water 43 Irrigation in the semiarid region 44 Irrigatif )n in the humid region 44 Pumping and drainage investigations 45 Economic studies 45 Rural engineering 46 The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Sta- tions 50 Seventeenth annual convention 50 The American Association of Farmers' Institute Workers 57 Eigiith annual meeting 57 Olfice of Exi)eriment Stations 60 General outlook 60 Lines of work 61 Income 61 Piil)lications 61 Agricultural experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico. . 63 Nutrition investigations 64 The work at different places 65 Food ami nutritiit'iy work ( 'initimu'il. I'liims :;ii9 Kasplicriifs ;i;{0 ( 'mrant.s .'WO St raw! n-rrics 'XiO ( 'rani lerries .'i30 Kiold crops and forayo plantH ;i31 Barlt'v :«1 Oats : ^32 Wlu'at 333 Rye 333 Flax 333 Biu-kwlu'at 333 Foraj!;e i)lants 334 Grasses 334 Copper Center Station 335 Tviuipiiicnt of the station 336 -Methoil of tranh!i»ortation 336 The trail .'. 338 The Copper River country 338 Economic conditions in the Copper River \'alley .■')40 A \\iigi m n lad net'essary 342 Report of J. W. Ncal, superintendent of Copper Center Station 343 "Weather conditions 344 Notes on field crops 344 Vegetiibles 350 Kenai Station 353 Stock raising a success 354 A change in superintendent 354 Report of II. P. Nielsen, superintendent of Kenai Station 354 Clearing of new land .■')54 General iinjjrovements and additions 355 Notes on vegetables 355 Field crops 357 Spring crops 358 Grasses 359 Rampart Station 361 Report of Rev. C. P. Coe on cooperative experiments at AVood Island 362 Field crops : 362 rjrasses . . .- 364 Clover 364 Vegetables 364 Flowers and trees 366 Li vo stock 367 Reports from seed distribution 370 Soil temperatures 381 Meteorological reports 384 Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural FiXperiment Station for 1903 391 Buildings 391 Apparatus 391 CONTENTS 1 5 I'age. Annual rcjxirt nf tlic Hawaii Aurii'iiitiiral Iv\])criiiKMit Station, 1903 — CoiitM. Kxperinitiits 392 ( 'i )rn 392 I'utatuoji 395 Taro 396 Tomatoes 397 Forai^o jdants 898 1 )airying 401 Animal diseases 401 Tobacco 402 Vanilla 402 Sisal 403 Peppers 404 Castor 1 )eans 404 Pineapples 406 Cotton 407 Sugar cane 407 Coffee 409 Publieaticms 412 Farmers' institutes 413 Work in outlying islands 413 Funds 413 Entomologica) investigations 414 Annual report of the Porto Kico Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903 419 Introduction 419 Improvements and equipment 420 Drainage 420 Clearing and prej)aration of land 421 Travel 421 Scope of investigations 422 Leguminous crops 423 Grasses and forage plants 424 Vegetables from n( irthern-grown seed 424 Fertilizers 426 Test of varieties of pineapoles 425 Cotton 425 Meteorological observations 426 Administrative work 427 Miscellaneous notes 427 Plans for future investigations ^ 427 Tobacco investigations „ 428 Pomi il( )gy 428 Animal industry 428 Soil investigations 429 Report of O. "W. Barrett, entomologist and botiinist 429 Results f>f work 430 Plant collections 431 Banana plat 431 Yautia collection 432 Yams 43;; Miscellaneous native crops 433 Bulbs 434 Miscellaneous imported crops 435 1(> ("ONTllNTS. I'l.Kl'. Animal report uf tin- Porto Kico I'-xjH-nmciil Station for lilO."!— ( 'otitiiincl. Ki'port of ( ». W. IJarri'tt, t'litoinoloj^ist ami Itotaiiisl ( "oiitimnlat 4."{y Frnit luirscrii's 440 Seed and plant distribution and awinipition 442 Insert jtests 442 Cutworms 44.'{ Coffee inserts 444 I nseet enemies of citrus stock 445 Insect enemies of miscellaneous fruit trees 446 ^Miscellaneous insect enemies 447 IMaiit parasites 448 Fnn<_'us diseases 44U Report ( >f J. Vt'. Van Leenhoff, coffee specialist 450 I mprovement oi < )ld coffee grove 451 Cutting coffee trees to stumps 452 Renovating of old coffee plantation 453 I^xperiments with new coffee 453 Coffee leaf miner 454 Report on ol)servations in Porto Rico 454 Notes < )n diseases and insects 456 Oranges 456 Coffee 460 Sugar cane 463 Tobacco 4(54 Cotton 465 Cocoanuts 405 Cacao 465 Papaw 466 Beans and cowpeas 467 Review < tf irrigation investigations for 1903 469 Calif" )niia 469 Nevada 471 Oregon 471 Washington 473 Idaho 474 Montana 476 Utah 477 Wyoming 478 C(jlorado 478 Nebraska 479 Semiarid districts 480 Kansas , . . . 480 South Dakota 481 ^lissouri ^ 483 Wisconsin 485 New Jersey 486 Louisiana and Texas 487 Investigations along the Atlantic seaboard 488 CONTKNTS. 17 Page. KfvifW (>1 irrij^:tti<>ii investijiiitiini^; for litO:; — t'oiitimieil. Drainage iiivestigatioiiH 489 Laws and social institutions 492 Practical experience 49(5 Tublications 499 Xutrition investigations at the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washing- tun, I). C 5o:{ Principles governing the planning and improving of dietaries 504 Nature of the in(]uiry at !~^t. p]lizal)eths 505 Food consumption 506 Foo\(irk of llui AssociatiDii nf Aiiii'ricaii Aj^'iiciiltuml ('ollegCH and I'lxiK'iiiiirnl Stations 584 Tlu' a>:iiculturrtl collcj^i's 597 CoiUHrs in rural cnf^int'tTinj,' 599 Courses in rural t'cononiy filO Knnil ei'ononiy in l'iUroi>eaii agricultural schools (ill I'Vancc (ill Belgium G14 Great Britain 614 Aust ria 615 Germany 617 Short and special courses 620 Summer schools 622 Si'condary courses 622 The secondary schools 623 The primary schools 627 The school gardens 630 El(Mn(>ntary books for schools 630 Farmers' institutes in the United States 635 National meeting of institute workers 637 Interest increasing 638 Kxtension of the work 639 Cooperative experiments for institute lecturers 641 The fanners' institute and the common sciiool 642 The institute field 643 Condition of the institute work 645 Farmers' institutes in the several States and Territories 650 Development of the text-book of agriculture in North America 689 Chronological bibliography of North American text-books of agriculture. 696 Agricultural economics as a subject of study in the agricultural college 713 Outline for a short lecture course in agricultural economics 715 Instruction in agriculture in land-grant colleges and schools for colored persons. 719 Methods and facilities for instruction in agriculture at the Hampton Nor- mal and Agricultural Institute 739 Index of names 751 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Plate I. Fig. 1. — Arizona SUition, Deglet Noor date palm three years after plantinij at Tenii)e. Fig. 2. — Arizona Station, melon experi- ment at IMioenix, animal husbandry jjart of farm in back- gnnmd 84 II. Fig. 1. — Illinois Station, feeding sheds and pens. Fig. 2. — Iowa Station, cooperative feeding experiment at Odebolt 108 III. Fig. I. — Kentucky Station, dairy barn. Fig. 2. — Kentucky Sta- tion, interior of dairy l)arn 120 IV. Fig. 1. — Michigan ('ollege and Station, bacteriological laboratory, with stalls and hospital for animals in rear. Fig. 2. — Missouri College and Station, laboratory for animal breeding 132 V. Ala.ska stations, samples of barley and oats grown at U. S. Experi- ment Station in the Copper River Valley, season of 1903 336 VI. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, site of Copper Center Station. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, first station building in course of construction at Copper ('enter 340 VII. Fig. 1. — Alaska staitions, field of ripe Manshury barley at Copper Center Station. Fig. 2. — Ala.ska stations, cutting ripe Manshury barley with mower, at Copper Center Station 344 VIII. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, shock of IManshury barley at Copper Center Station. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, shock of sixty-day < )ats at Copjier Center Station 348 I.X. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, drilling winter wheat at Copper Center Station. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, Yaroslav emmer nearly ripe at Copper Center Station 348 X. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, breaking newly cleared land at Kenai Station. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, grain grown in 1903 at Ram- part, latitude 65° N 352 XI. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, ])atcli urt Extra Early oats at Kenai Station 352 XII. Fig. 1. — Alaska stations, station buildings at Kenai Station. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, new barn at Kenai Station 356 XIII. Kig. 1. — Alaska stations, Mr. A. Lawson's garden, Sunrise, Cook Inlet, August 15. Fig. 2. — Alaska stations, cablnige and pota- toes at Hope, Cook Inlet, August 16 376 XIV. Hawaii Station, view of station buildings and grounds 392 XV. Fig. 1. — Hawaii Station, pineapple plantation. Fig. 2. — Hawaii Station, a coffee mill 4U8 XVI. Fig. 1. — Hawaii Station, the Ilamakua forest. Fig. 2. — Hawaii Station, forest destruction by overgrazing 412 XVII. Fi^. 1. — Hawaii Station, papaya tree. Fig. 2. — Hawaii Station, native orange tree 416 .\\'I!1. I'i^'. I. — Porto Rico Station, experimental pineapple plantation. Fig. 2.— Porto Rico Station, experimental banana ])lantation. . 424 19 20 ILLrSTUATI<>N8. I'iil?e. 1'laik X I \. V'\lantin;. 2. — Porto Kico Station, coffee seedlings Iteinj? transferred to jilantation. Fig. 'A: — Porto Rico Stjition, flower of Xniilliosoiiid jxraijrinn, tlie Yautia Martinica 4.'52 X X i . I'orto Kico Station, La Inolina, a coffee iilantation 452 XXII. Viii. 1. — Porto Rico Station, coffee-seed beds under artificial shade. Fig. 2. — Porto Rico Station, coffee crop 1 901. Leaves reniovetl in 1900 to combat leaf miner 452 XXIII. Fig. 1. — Porto Rico Station, foreman's house at the coffee exi)erinients. Fig. 2. — Porto Rico Station, felling the virgin forest. Fig. H. — Porto Rico Staticjn, preparing jilaiit holes ff)r coffee. Fig. 4. — Porto Rico Station, original condition of old coffee plats 452 XXIV. Fig. 1. — Irrigation investigations, asparagus ]>lants from irri- gated and unirrigated rows. Fig. 2. — Irrigation investiga- tions, effect of irrigation of asparagus during an ordinary season 484 XXV. Fig. 1. — Irrigation investigations, yield of onions on irrigat^'d and unirrigated plats. Fig. 2. — Irrigati(jn experiments, mov- al)le sprinkler 484 XXVI. Fig. 1. — Irrigation investigations, wooden underdrain used in the removal of seepage water and alkali. Fig. 2. — Irriga- tion investigations, an ojten drain for tlie removal of waste and seepage water 488 XXVII. Irrigation investigations, drain ditch for removal of seepage water and alkali from a hopj'ard 488 XXVIII. Fig. 1. — Irrigation investigations, view near Bingen, (iermany, showing protection of hillside from erosion. Fig. 2. — Irriga- tion investigations, view of irrigated farms in Italy 492 XXIX. Irrigation investigations, diagram showing the relative rainfall of Milan, Italy, and several cities in the I'nited States 492 XXX. Fig. 1. — Agricultural education, lawn and shrubbery planted by school children at side of a school building in Roi'hester. Fig. 2. — Agricultural education, Rockwell School, Cleveland, lawn and ilower beds made by school children. Fig. 3. — Agricul- tural education, school and home ground improvement. Backyard cared for by Washington Normal School student .. 576 XXXI. Fig. 1. — Agricultural education, (jeorge Putnam School gar- dens, Boston. Fig. 2. — Agricultural education, girls' gardens at Hartford School of Horticulture 576 XXXII. Agricultural education, plan for development of Oakdale School grounds. East Dedhani, Mass 1 576 XXXIII. Fig. 1. — Agricultural education, State Normal School, Johnson, Vt. Potatoes raised by children in the practice school. Fig. 2." — Agricultural education, a school garden at Dewitt Clinton Park, in the heart of New York City 576 XXXIV. Agricultural education, plan of the AVhittier school garden, Hampton Institute, Hamjjton, Va 580 ILLUSTRATIONS. 21 Page. Pi.ATK XXX\'. Fig. 1. — Agricultural education, Whittier School garden, Ilaiiipton, Va. Kimlcrgarten children. Kig. 2. — Agricul- tural education, school gardens on grounds of \' . S. Depart- ment vith which the stations are connected. During the year the stations pul)- lished 371 animal reports and Imlletins, which were su])j)lied to over half a million addresses on the regular maiUng lists. A larger mnnber of 23 24 KKi'oirr <»f oifiok <»f kxim<:kimknt stations. stations than fornu'ily suiiplciiKMitcd their ic^^iilar publications with more (»!• h'ss fr(M|M('nt issues of jiress huUetins and otiier special ])uhli- cations, and most of lh»^ stations i-(>j)ort a hii"e-e and constantly increas- inef coiTespondence with farmers on a wide \ariel y of topics, PROGRESS OF THE STATIONS. As the woi"k of the experiment stations advances from year (o year experiiiHMital data accumulate in many Hikvs, urid from lime to time results of ^reat (general impoi'tancc come out of this extensive work. A ji^ood example of this at the present time is found in thc^ investij^a- tions of the stations relatinj*- to cheese makinj^. Tiie importance of this industry in this country is shown b}^ the fact that the production now amounts to 800,000,000 pounds a year, valued at approximate!}^ $30,000,000. Though cheese making is pro})ably the oldest daiiy indus- try, very little has been known regarding the principles on which it is based. For centuries it has been carried on largely b}^ rule-of -thumb methods, and the reasons for the various processes and the exact nsiturc of the changes brought about by them have been unknown to the cheese maker. He has been guided mainh' In' the traditions of his art and has depended upon the skill and judginentacquired through longexperience. Within the past ten years several of the experiment stations of this country have prosecuted systematic studies of cheese making, with a view of determining the principles upon which it rests and the means of simplifying and improving its processes. Owing to the large number of factors involved the work has been difHcult, and for a considerable time the progress was slow. Now, however, the accumulated results are of great prac^tical value, and it may be fairly claimed not only that this great industry has been put on a rational basis, but also that the art of cheese making has l)een simplihed and its processes can now be more easily controlled, so that good cheese can be more unifornd}'' produced. Besides providing explanations for the important processes in cheese making, the work of the stations has shown that the traditions upon which the empirical rules were founded were absolutely wrong in numerous important particulars and that the judgment of good cheese makers was also erroneous. Taken as a whole, the investigations on cheese making hy the Ameri- can experiment stations constitute one of the most important contiMbu- tions of science ever made to any branch of agriculture. A few of tln^ general results of this work may serve to indicate its practical value. One of the greatest sources of trou))le in cheese making has been milk which is tainted, or which contains certain kinds of bacteria and molds. The milk of a single patron of a cheese factor}^ may unfavor- ably ati'ect the whole supply by causing gassy curds and other difficulties. To i-enu'd}' this a simple curd test was developed I)}'' the AVisconsin Station a few years ago by means of which fault}' milk may be easilv detected. PROGRESS OF THE STATIONS. * 25 Foi aofP'^ ivnnot has boon used in tho ])rodiu'ti()n of curd, and it has boon supposod that nothini"- else could take its place. An extended study of the action of rennet by the New York State Experiment Station led to the conclusion that its effects" in curd production are due to a sin- gle ferment whose action is essentially like that of pepsin. This raised the question whether ordinary commercial pepsin could not be used in the place of rennet. The Wisconsin Station and the Ohio State Univer- sity have demonstrated that pepsin may be so used with entire success, and tests with i)opsin on a conunorcial scale in an Ohio choose factory have resulted in the production of choose of hi>ih (juality. Some of the advantages of scale pepsin over rennet extracts are that it is of more uniform strength, keeps better, especially in warm weather, and is free from bacteria and molds. According to the traditions of cheese making, a temperature of at least 70^ F. has been considered the proper one for ripening cheese, ])ut investigations have shown that while high temperatures hasten changes in the casein, since ferments and bacteria are then more active, heat also increases the activity of injurious germs and prevents proper control of the ripening. Ilonce, too warm curing rooms are one of the greatest causes of poor cheese. Taking up this line of work, the Wisconsin and New York State stations have made extensive experiments in curing cheese at low tem- peratures, and recently the United States Department of Agriculture has cooperated in this work. Cold curing at from 40^ to 60° F. has in this way been shown to be entirely practicable, and to result not only in improved quality, but in a saving from shrinkage which will more than cover the exponso of artificial cooling. Cheese makers are now cojivinced that thov have been holding their cheese at too hio-h a tem- porature, and there is a very general movement among them to provide facilities for lowering the temperature and keeping it down even in the hottest weather. Another good illustration of the practical value of the accumulated results of experiment station work ma}' be found in the sumn)ary of the investigations on apple growing contained in another part of this report. From this it appears that the stations have issued more than 17<> ))ullotins on this subject. Much useful information regarding the host gonoi-al conditions for apple growing, and the varieties ada})tod to diffoi'ont localities, has thus t)oon disseminated, l)ut besides this the results of a large )uunl)er of original investigations have l>een repoi'ted. Studios of the flowers of apple trees have shown that some varieties of apples are self-sterile, while others are good pollenizers. In this wa}' the unpioductiveness of many orchards is explained, and the way to remedy this is pointed out. The conditions under which the pollen germinat(\s, and how this process is afl'ected by heat, rain, and cold, as well as the value of ))eos as agents in the distribution of pollen, have 2() • UKI'olM' OK OFKICK ( M ' KX PKIUMKNT STA'IIONS. Im'cii .s1i(»\\ 11. Tilt' clicmiciil coiMposit ioii ol" tlic lo;i,ves, ti uiik, n\u\ roots of fill' :i|»|)Ii' trie li:i\t' Ix'cii (IctiTiniiicd holli I'or old 1 rccs and tor iiui"s(*ry .stock, and llic diaft of the oi"cliard on tlir I'lTtility ol the .soil has Ihmmi shown to h(> lully as i^iHiut iis (•oiitimu)iis cr()i)pint4- with ceroals. This lias ln'ouuht out the nooossitv ol" t'citiii/iiii"- orchards, and has led to important cxpiUMnuMits on the action ot" dillVrcnt fci1i- lizcrs on the i^-rowth of the appl(^ oichard and of fruit pi'odiiction. In connection with studies relatin<;- to the cultivation of orchards, detinit(> information has heen obtained as to the period of growth of the slioots and roots, the time of formation of the Hower and hnif buds, and the methods of controlling the ripening of the wood so as to prevent winterkilling. The \alue of clean cultivation and of fall cover crops in the preservation of soil moisture and the protection of the roots during the winter has ))een demonstrated, and it may be safely asserted that never before in this country have apple onrhards been given such thorough and rational culti\ation as at the present time. How best to plant apple trees in the arid West and the humid East, or on clay soils and sandy soils, right methods of pruning the roots and triiiningthe tops, how to ward ofl' diseases and insect pests and produce uniform and perfect fruit, are problems on wdiich much valuable experimental infoiniation has ])een obtained. As the result of station work, we know detinitely the controlling factors in the keeping of fruit in ordinary- and cold storage, and in the utilization of waste fruit by evaporation, or conversion into cider, vinegar, jelly, marmalade, etc. The large amount of work which the stations have done on ([uestions relating to feeding stuffs is indicated by the brief review of this work given elsewhere in this report. Some of the practical results of this work have been very important. The saving and use of corn fodder (stover), which Avas formerly so largely wastc^d o\er a large part of the countrv, is a striking illustration of this. Its value as a feeding stuff has been demonstrat(>d, and the ])cst means of utilizing it have })een shown by the stations' work, and their continual agitation has brought about very great improvement in farm practice in this respect. At the nominal value of $1 a ton the corn stover crop of the United States would be worth at least $100,000,000. While it is not all utilized, a much larger share of it is, and the practice of doing this is steauily increasing. The inspection of commercial and condimental feeding stuffs, brought about by the experiment stations, has alread}^ had the effect of largeh' holding in check the adulteration of these products and fraud in their sale, ill a number of States where the laws have been A'igorousl}' enforced l)}- the stations inferior articles have been entirely driven out of the market, because farmers would not bu}' them unless they received the stations' stamp of approval. NEEDS OF THE STATIONS, 27 Aloiitr with the inoiv scioiititic work which the stations have done in deteniiiiiini^ the mitritive \ahie of t'ci'diiio- stutl's there has heen nnicli practieal woik in the iiiiprovenieiit of the practice of feeding- dirt'ereut kinds of faini animals. The skill which the stations have developed in selecting and feeding animals has of late appealed strongly to the practical feeder. As recent illustrations of this, it is worthy of men- tion that the Missouri Station topped the Chicago market with a l>uncli of steer.; which it selected and fattened last winter, and that at the live- stock show at Chicago, in 1908, the grand champion of the fat-animal show was a steer selected from a large lot and fed hv the Nebraska Station. In general it may l^e stated that the excellent showing that the agri- cultural colleges and experiment stations have recently made in the great live-stock expositions has brought about a marked change in the attitude of practical men toward these institutions. NEEDS OF THE STATIONS. As the work of the stations advances demands are being made upon them in various directions which they are nna])le to meet with their present resources. In considering the needs as well as in judging the work of the stations it is very important to have in mind the conditions under which they are operating. By the terms of the Hatch Act, the stations are organized with a view to the investigation of problems in all branches of ayfriculture. For this reason, though it would be better theoretically for individual stations to underttike only a few lines of work and thus refuse to operate in many branches of agriculture, practically it has 1)een necessary to organize them so that their opera- tions may cover the main lines of the agriculture existing in the States in which they are severally located. Thus each station if fully organ- ized would have departments of agrononn^ (tield crops), horticulture, animal husbandr}', rural engineering, agricultural chemistry, plant pathology, entomology, veterinary medicine, and, in most States, dai- rying. If there is any specialization of work in these departments— and no stiition can do the most eft'ective work unless there is considera])le specialization — experts in such su))jects as soils, bacteriology, animal physiology, and i\u\ ditlerent kinds of live stock must be employed. In many States the needs of special industries, such as sugar making, tobacco growing, apiculture, etc., shoidd be provided for. Thus it may be safeh' said that a station which does not have on its staff experts n^presenting at least ten di tie rent branches of the scienc*^ of agriculture is not adecpiately etpiipped for its work. But stations whose income is conlined to the Hatch fund can not engage the full time of ten experts, for even if the whole fund were used for salaries, it woidd ])rovide only an average amuuil compensation of $l,r)(M) apiece, and this is not a sullicient salary to secure the entire services of a com- 28 RKPOKT OF OFFICE OF FX I'FUIMKNT STATIONS. petont ajjfricultural expert. ^Fost of oiii- stations have thi^reforo l)een comju'lled (o (•(•iilciit tlniusch fs with an ()i'»iani/ati()n of (licii- slaH's ^vlli(•ll is luH'cssarily iinsatisi'artorv. 'I'licy liaxc cither t^ikeii most of the time of three or four experts and very little of the time of several more, or thev have takiMi ahout half the tiiiic^ of the iiiem))ers of the stati" o-eiierally. The only way in which it has tiius far Ix'cn possible to organize tho work of our stations broadly has been throuj^li th(Mr connection with the atrricultiiral eollews. 'i'o meet the demand for the ))road <)r investigators. Under these conditions it is not strange that so many problems of the farm remain unsolved; it is wonderful that so much has been accomplished b}^ our smaller stations. These figures show conclusively that, if our stations are to be con- tinued on the broad basis on which they are at present organized, the^'^ must generally be supplied with larger funds for the general expenses of investigations, in order to conduct their work in a thorough and satisfactor}' manner. As soon as an}' station demonstrates its usefulness by results which promote any agricultural industry within a State all the other indus- tries cry out that the station must do work on their problems. At first an attempt was made to meet these demands by the publication of com- piled bulletins which might contain considera))le information more or less new to most of the readers, but in most cases this is no longer of much avail. Some stations have tried to satisfy the most urgent of such demands b}^ doing a little work on a variet}' of problems, but as a rule this has been unsatisfactory to all concerned. There is not a station in the country which is not confronted ])y reasonable demandsfor investi- gations of important agricultural ijroblems which at present it is whoU}^ unal)le to satisfy. In the older States the changing conditions of agri- culture have created many problems which are new to the farmers and on which they greath' need help, and in the newer States the extension of agriculture is so rapid that the stations arc unable to keep pace with the wholly unfamiliar pro])lems that arise in the farmers' new fields. In this connection it is well to consider that the areas over which many of the stations in this country are retjuircd to extend their juris- diction are so large that they can not meet the demands for investiga- tions ada])ted to the various conditions of soil, climate, and rational agricultural practice in theii' several States. The investigations thus far carried on by the stations in many lines have very clearly Itrought out the fact that there is a lai'ge numl)er of agricultural })r()l)lems which must be studied in luuiicrous localities before safe conclusions can he drawn. This is especially true with n^ference to problems relating to 30 KKl'OKT OK OKKK'K (»K KX I'KKIMKNT STATIONS. the cliai'actcr and iiiaiia^'ciiiciit of soils, the us(> of fcrlili/crs. and Iho jjrowtli ol" \ari('ti('s ot" lirld and lior(iG to 1 as compared Avith Texas, 28 to 1 as compared with jNIinnesota and the Dakotas, and 3*J to 1 as com- pared with the Pacific States. Some of the States have tried to meet the local needs of agriculture ])y the estiiblishment of substations, but as a rule the funds provided for this purpose have been entirely inadequate. When the Hatch Act was passed, less than twenty j'ears ago, no country had csta))lished experiment stations on the broad plan set forth in that act. The success of our stations has thoroughly demonstrated their usefulness. At the same time, they have shown possibilities for the useful extension of their work which were not at all understood when the Hatch Act was passed. Aside from the needs of tlu; stations growing out of the greater specialization of their work which calls for the employment of a larger staff, the cost of their equipment with lab- oratories, apparatus, and other facilities has greatly increased, and the demands for the information which they are able to supply have made the expenses connected with the printing and distribution of their doc- uments much ""reater than in the earlv vears of their history. An enormous correspondence with farmers has also been developed which must be provided for, and is now in many cases a hindrance to the research work of the stall' because of lack of funds for clerical assistance. In these and other ways the magnitude of the station work at the present time is in itself an important item as related to their financial needs. If the individual stations needed $15,000 per annum for their woi-k a decade or more ago, they certainly need a much larger sum to carry on their work to the satisfaction of the agricultural connnmiity at the present time. The work done b}' the stations in \'arious lines has brought out clearly the necessit}- for more fundamental investigations, but such investigations as a rule are costly and onh' a few of our stations have been able to undertake them. The stations, for example, have made numerous feeding experiments >vith difierent kinds of farm animals. NEEDS f)F THE STATIONS. 31 Main of these have had useful results, and the work of the stations on this sul»j<'ct as a \vlu)U> lias done much to injpi'ove tlu^ practice of fee ai)paratus was put in working order and a series of experi- ments has been begun which promises to yield very important results. As lono- as the stations confined their studies of the varieties of cultivated plants to simple tests of the varieties already produced, the work was comparativelv inexpensive and ver}'^ largeh' unsatisfactory. Now the breeding of varieties especially adapted to particular regions and uses has been attempted, but only those stations which are supplied with extra funds for this purpose can hope to accomplish nuich in this line. \'eiy little has l>een done in this country in the scientitic breeding of animals, and we are as yet largely dependent on importations of breed- inti" stock fi-om foreiirn countries to maintain the (uialitv of our meat and other animal products. The production of breeds of farm animals especially adapted to the needs of different parts of our country has hardly Iuhmi attempted. The stiitions are the public agencies to which such work would naturally ))e entrusted, but, with one or two excep- tions, they havt; no funds available for this purpose. In veterinary medicine ver}^ few of the stiitions have been able to provide the e;ricultiii'e nnist rest. Hut unless the way is opened t'oi* them to seriously attack these fundamental ])i'ol)lems their fuluic work will ncc'e.ssai"ily l)e comparatively fra<^- mentary and inconclufsive. They may, Jis in the past, obtain many results which can he usefully applied in ])raetiee, hut they will not he al)le to furnish a solid foundation for the eidarjr(>ment of our aj^ricul- tural industries. The reciMit work 011 cheese niakiiif^, which has been ])rielly sununarized elsewhere in this report, is a t^ood illustration of what may he accomplished in many lines if the financial resources of the experimenters are adequate for the work undertaken by them. By means of investigations costing' thousands of dollars and cxtendinj^ over a number of years the interests of an industry which is ninv large, but which is likely to be very greatly extended in the future, have been permanently ajid advantageously affected. The economy of using relatively large sums of money in fundamental iniiuiries has thus been signally shown. As pointed out in previous reports, there is another side of the work of the stations which needs to be greatly extended. It is, in many cases, not enough that the stations should discover new facts and principles. They must show definitely how these can be utilized in agricultural practice. This requires that they should be in a posi- tion to work outside of their laboratories and experimental plats. They must carry on experiments under actua,l farm conditions, and on a really practical scale, before it can be truly said that they have demonstrated the usefulness of their new discoveries. It used to be said that this was not the function of the stations, but that the fai'mers themselves must demonstrate the practical usefulness of the residts obtained hy the stations. There is, of course, a sense in which this will always be true, for the conditions of no two farmers are exactly alike, and whatever the stations do the farmers will still need to adapt the results to the requirements of their own farms. But, on the other hand, it is often a very expensive proceeding to the farmers to under- take to apply results obtained by the stations on a very small scale to even the general recjuirements of farm practice. It is usually true that la))oratory and plat results nuist )»e modified in various ways to make them practically serviceable, and this can be much more economically done by the stations than by the farmers. For example, if a station breeds a new variety of grain, it would be much better and less expen- sive for the station to retain control of this variety and carry on field experiments with it on a considerable nimil)er of farms in different localities than if the seed is at first distributed to farmers indiscrim- inately. Much of this more practical work can be carried on in cooperation with farmers, but to do it efficiently will require more funds than the stations at present possess. NEEDS OF THE STATIONS. 33 Since the .stations Were established under the Hateh Art, tlic States have materially increased their ai)propriations for their maintenance, and it may be asked why should not the States be called upon to add to the resources of the stations whatever additional funds are needed for their more perfect development. In reply to this it may l)e said that there are likel}- in the future to be such demands on the States to pi-ovide for the extension of agricultural education in o^eneral that it will be increasingly difficult for them to add to the resources of the stations. This has already been the case in a number of States. Thus far, in most of the States, the stations have been aided by appropria- tions for l)uildings and equipment which have Vjeen for the joint use of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations. The increased interest which is now being manifested in those forms of education which are furnished by the agricultural colleges has had the result thtit the number of students in those institutions is increasing more rapidly than the facilities provided for them. This is putting addi- tional burdens on the officers of these institutions, manj' of whom are employed in both college and station, and is making the new buildings inadequate for the purpose for which thev were intended. Moreover, outside the colleges there is a rapidly growing demand for secondary schools of agriculture and the introduction of agricultural subjects into the public schools. The States will therefore need to provide largely increased funds for agricultural education, and this is likel}' to absorb their revenues to such an extent that it will not be practicable for them as a rule to materially increase the resources of the stations. Thus far the stations have been maintained mainly by National funds, and this polic}' having been once adopted it seems reasonable that the nation should increase its contributions to the support of these institutions as the demands of their work increase, and thus leave the colleges more free to advance the agricultural education of the people with the aid of State funds. This argument has more inqjortance from the fact that the results of the work of the stations are more and more depended on to furnish the materials on which courses of instruction in agi-iculture of different grades can be suc- cessfully based. If the nation makes the institutions of research in agriculture strong and far-reaching in their work, it will thereby la}'^ the foundation for a system of agricultural education which, if the States and local communities do their duty, will eventually profoundly affect the material and intellectual well-being of the masses of our riwal population. The theory on which appropriations of public monej' are made to the agricultural colleges and experiment stations is, that since these are institutions for the promotion of an industry on whose success the whole fabric of the nation's material prosperit}' depends, all oui' people S. Doc. 148, 58-2 3 34 KKi'oirr of okkiok ok expekimknt stations. arc iiitorostcd in aiul iillVctcd by the iTsults of their work, and there- fore it is proper that the peo])ie trenerally should conti'ihute to thiur niuintenanee. If such a tlieory was reasonahh' when the vahie of the work of the experiment stations was pi-obh-niatieal, it should certaiid}' be much more etlective now that they have jjroved, their ^wnt useful- ness as agencies for the promotion of agriculture throughout the United States. STATISTICS OF THE LAND-GRANT COLLEGES. Educational institutions receiving the benefits of the acts of C-ongress of rJuly 2, 1802, and August 30, 1S9(), are now in opei'ation in all the States and Territories except Alaska, Hawaii, and Poito liico. The total number of these institutions is (55, of which 63 maintain courses of instruction in agriculture. The aggregate value of the permanent funds and equipment of the land-grant colleges and universities in 1903 is estimated to be $69,778,463.25. The income of these institutions in 1903, exclusive of the funds received from the United States for agri- cultural experiment stations, was $9,248,378.40. The value of the additions to their permanent endowment and equipment in 1903 is estimated to be $2,743,683.38. The number of persons in the faculties of the colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts was 2,461, and in other departments, 1,141, making a grand total of 3,602. The number of students in 1903 was 52,489, of whom 3,146 were in four-year courses in agriculture and 7,550 in shorter courses in agriculture, dairying, horticulture, and veterinary science. The graduates in 1903 were 4,524, and since the organization of these institutions, 53,252. PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The advance movement in agricultural education in this country has continued during the past year and is exerting a constantly widening influence. Results of agitation along these lines are seen in many wa3^s. Provision for the higher education of agricultural experts is being made in larger measure in the Department of Agriculture and in some of our strongest agricultural colleges. There is a continued demand for the establishment of a National graduate school of agri- culture on a permanent basis. The regular courses of the agricultural colleges have been more liberall}^ equipped through enlarged appro- priations by the State legislatures, and these courses are becoming much more effective through increasing specialization of instruction and its extension to include such subjects as rural engineering and rural econora}^, which have hitherto been largely neglected in these institutions. The colleges are also making larger provision under their direct auspices for secondary schools, short courses, summer schools, normal courses, correspondence courses, farmers' institutes, and other forms farmers' institutes. 35 of iiniversity-extcn.sion work. They are thus meeting the needs of a much hirger both' of students, and ai"e at the same time puttinjif into shape courses of instruction Avliich are destined to be followed in many- other institutions throughout the country. During the past year a number of separate agricultural schools of secondary grade have been established under pu))lic or private control. Discussion of (juestions relating to the improvement of the rural common schools and the introduction in them of elementarv courses in agriculture has taken a wider range. The general officers of edu- cation and the teachers' associations in the different Stiites are earnestly considering these matters, and the farmers' organizations are increasing their demands that detinite pi'ovision for such instruction shall })e made in the public schools. Alread}' a number of States have special legislation relating to this subject. Courses for the instruction of teachers have been established in a number of agricultural colleges and normal schools, and under various forms instruction in agricul- tural su))jects is already given in a considerable number of elementar}^ schools i n different parts of the country. One of the most encouraging features of this movement is the appearance of a number of text- books prepared especial!}' for elementar}^ instruction in agriculture. It is now possible for the intelligent and s^-mpathetic teacher to readily obtain the information necessar}' to make such courses a success. In these various ways the movement to make instruction in ao-rlcul- ture a regular feature of our public school sj'stem has received great impetus. There must of course be a period of experimentation in which the methods of instruction and the text-books shall be tested and improved. There is always danger when a movement of this kind gets under way that it will proceed to extremes with a resultant reaction. Against this the friends of agricultural education should be on their guard, l)ut they can now more contidenth' than ever before assert the claims of agriculture to recognition in our public school svstem and justly claim that the means are at hand for makino- a fair and thorough trial of elementary instruction in this subject in these schools. THE FARMERS' INSTITUTES. During the past year 3,17H farmers' institutes were held in 46 States and Territories. The total attendance at these institutes was over 1*(H),(M)0, Appropriations varying from $85 in the Territory of Hawaii to ^20,000 in the State of New York were made for the support of the institutes, the aggregate for 45 Stjites and Territories reported })eing !j^lNT,!i2G. The institutes were addressed b}^ 924 lecturers, employed by the State directors, and by a))()ut three times as many more employed by the local managers, making a total api>roximating 4,000 persons who gave instruction at the institutes during the year. One 3() KKl'OUT OK OFKK'K OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. liuiulicd :iii(l iiiiiot3'-^iix of tliotsc were, incmlxTs of the ji<^rifiiltui"iil ooUc*,''!' or ('xpt'riiiu'iit station stut!', who coiiti-ilmf^'d 1, <'.«'»(; days of time to this work. :itt('ii(liii>i- in all 7.")ii institutes. Tho ei'ji'lith annual convention of the American Association of Farm- ers' Institute Workers was held at Toronto, Cunada, in June, ll»(»;{, and was attended hy delegates from seventeen of the Stiites of the Union and four of the provinces of the Dominion of Canada. The proceedings of this convention have been pul)lished as Bulletin No. 138 of this OtKcc. An account of this convention is given on page 57. The work of this Office relating to the farmers' institutes has l)een put on a permanent l)asis during the past 3'ear, and a special officer has been ai)pointed to take charge of this work. The duties of this officer, as stated in the act making the appropriation for this work, are "to investigate and report upon the organization and progress of farjuers' institutes in the several States and Territories, and upon similar organizations in foreign countries, with special suggestions of plans and methods for making such organizations more effective for the dissemination of the results of the work of the Department of Agriculture and the experiment stations, and of improved methods of agricultural practice.'' Since the work of this Department relating to the farmers' institutes is based on the principle of giving aid to the institutions maintained under the authorit}" of the States, this Office has established the rule of working in this line through the State officers charged with the man- agement of the institutes. It is the intention to consult freel}' with these officers, to welcome suggestions from them regarding the devel- opment of our work, and to recognize them as the proper authority through whom to deal in matters relating to the institutes in the several States. It is our purpose to endeavor to strengthen the St;ite organizations for the management of the institutes, and to create a national system of institutes b}' promoting the reasonable coordination of the work throughout the country and the cooperation of the State organizations without weakening or destro^'ing their autononn'. Considering the conditions under which our work nmst be per- formed, it is our intention to concentrate our efforts for the present on a few of the most pressing lines in which it appears that the institutes need the aid of this Department. It is generally agreed among insti- tute managers that the most urgent pro])lem in institute work just now relates to the securing and maintaining of an efficient corps of institute lecturers. The longer farmers attend the institutes the more they demand that the lecturers shall not confine themselves to stating individual experiences, however successful these may have been, but shall interpret to them the teachings of wide practical experience as related to the results of experimental investigations conducted under scientific direction. This means that the lecturers must be constant farmers' institutes. 37 students of the progress of pnictical and scientific agriculture. Thev must, therefore, have the means of acquainting themselves readily and satisfactorily with what is going- on throughout the world in the line of their specialties. Besides this, the}' must be provided with the best facilities for the clear presentation of their su))jects to their audiences. This means that they must have the right kind of specimens, charts, photographs, lantern slides, etc. This Oftice, therefore, intends to give much attention to whatever concerns the best training of the farmers" institute lecturers. It will also aid the institute managers to secure the best availaljle lecturers in the diiferent branches of agriculture. In the appropriation act making provision for the work of this Office in relation to the institutes it is made our duty to bring the results of the work of this Department before the farmers attending the institutes. As a result of this provision we are already receiving numerous calls for the personal attendance of officers of the Depart- ment at the institutes. These calls are welcomed as evidences of the public interest in the work of the Department, and special pains are being taken to meet them satisfactorily as far as possible. In this way it may be expected that the Department will be much more generally represented at the institutes in the several States than it has been in the past, and the work of the Department will be explained to thou- sands of farmers who hitherto have had onl}' vague understanding of its relation to practical agriculture. Since it is obviously impractica- ble for the Department to be personally represented at all the insti- tutes, the plan will be followed of sending its representatives especially to the round-up institutes and such other meetings of large numl)ers of representative farmers as will be likely to secure the most effective dissemination of information regarding the Department's work in different sections of the country. It is difficult to realize the extent and importance of the farmers' institute movement and its vital relation to the successful incorpora- tion of the results of scientific investigations in our agricultural practice. Under present conditions, with the rapid changes in the personnel of our agricultural population and the almost entire absence of agricultural instruction in our elcmentar}^ schools, it is of the greatest importance that our adult farmers shall receive definite information regiirding improved methods of agriculture and the prin- ciples which lie at the foundation of progress in agricultural practice. Already it is estimated that nearly l.(K)0,000 of our farmers arc reached at least to a limited extent bv the institutes. To sfive this great body of men sound instruction, and to biing the remaining <>,oO0,000 farmers of the United States within the direct inlluenc(> of the institutes, is a vast undertaking. (Considering the very limited funds which the institute managers ha\e had at their disposal they 38 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. hiivo accoiiiplishod wonders. And when tlic [)uhlic and our Icj^islators understand tli(^ siu'iiiticiinfc of tlif institute movement in its relation to the mental and material \v»'ll-l)ein<;' of our people there will be no diliiculty as i-ei^ards funds foi' the proper development of the institutes. It was doubtless necessary to gather the data for the science of a<:riculture throut*-!! th(> work of the I)(>partnient and the ex])eriment stations, and to ti'ain tlie headers of aj^ricultural pro<,^ress in our aj^ri- cuhuial colle<^('s, before it was possible to j)ut po})ular movements for a<;ricultural education on an etiective basis. Hut the time is now ripe for a great advance movement for the wide dissemination of agricul- tural knowledge among the masses of oui- people. Workers must be trained for this purpose, but the}' will come with the enlargement of the demand for them. Wise provision for the luaintenance of these workers b}' Congress and the State legislatures will liear a])undant results in popular approval and the advancement of the national inter- ests. Intelligent and active leadership in this cause will prove ver}- effective at this juncture, and all who are in a position to render valu- al)le service in this line have good reason to belie\'e that their eti'orts will be crowned with early success. THE ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND STATIONS. The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations held its seventeenth annual convention at Washington, D. C, November 17-19, 1903. This meeting was more largely attended than usual and was notable for its harmony and the expedition with which business was transacted. Amendments to the constitution were adopted which, it is believed, will make the association more effective as an administrative body and permit the more thorough discussion of the general questions relating to the organization and policy of the educa- tional and research institutions comprising the membership of the association. The work of the standing committees of this association is assuming larger importance. In this way the matters in which the association is especially interested are being much more eft'cctiveh' dealt with than if their discussion were confined to the annual meetings. A brief account of the Washington meeting is given on page 50. THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The business of the Office of Experiment Stations has continued to grow during the past 3'ear, and several new features have been espe- cially developed. Work in relation to the farmers' institutes has been put on a permanent basis, and systematic efl'orts are being made to bring the Department into close relations with the State organizations through which the institutes are managed. STATIONS IN ALASKA, HAWAII, AND PORTO RICO. 39 In the work of the Office relatint^ to at^ricultural education special emphasis has been phiced on encouraging the establislinient of secondary and elementary courses in agriculture, and to aid this movement pub- lications have been issued showing the progress 'already made in these lines. Advantage has been taken of a considerable numlier of oppor- tunities to bring these matters directl}" to the attention of teachers at meetings of their associations in different parts of the country. The Office has continued to have charge of the agricultural experi- ment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and of the nutrition and irrigation investigations which are conducted in different parts of the country, largel}' in cooperation with the agricultural colleges and experiment stations. In cooperation with the Association of American Agricultural Col- leges and Experiment Stations, the Office has undertaken a large amount of work in connection with an exhibit of the progress of agri- cultural education and research at the St. Louis Exposition. With the development of the work of the experiment stations and kindred institutions in this country and abroad, the pu))lications of this Office based on the reports of these institutions have increased in number and variet}-. Results of the special investigations in charge of this Office have also accumulated so as to afford more material for useful publication. For these reasons, the extent of the publications of the Office has increased during the past year. Special efforts have, however, been made to publish this material in forms which will con- tril)ute to its effective and economical distribution. The records of the Division of Publications for the fiscal j^ear ended June 30, 1!H)8, show that out of a total of 456 original publications issued b}' the Department during that year 128 were from this Office, and that 182 of our documents were reprinted out of a total of 482 for the Department. The aggregate number of copies of publications of this Office issued during the year was 2,255,400 out of a total of 11,698,564 for the Department. Of these pu})lications 1,998,000 were Farmers' Bulletins prepared in this Office. From this statement it will be seen that the Office is doing a large work in providing means by which the results of agricultural investi- gations made by our State experiment stations and kindred institutions throughout the world can readilv be made use of bv farmers through- out the United States. A brief account of the general ))usiness of the Office will be found on page <>(), and details of its operations are given in other portions of this report. EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN ALASKA, HAWAII, AND PORTO RICO. In Alaska experiment stations were maintained during the past fiscal year at Sitka, Kenai, and Rampait. A new station was estiiblished at Copper Center, and co()]iei:iti\ c investigations wei-e carried on in a 40 RKI'OKT OK OFFirK OV KXrFRIMKNT STATIONS. iimiibcr ol' lociilitics. In this way foii.si(lenil)l(' iidditioiial cvicU'iice was ohlaiiu'd that vegcta1)lo.s of various kinds may ho succossfully grow 11 ill ditloi'ont parts of the Territory, ami that there art- coiisidor- aldc aicas in which oats, harlcy, and wlieat can l»t' iiiatur<'(l. and an alumdanco of grass be grown for the maintenance of live stock. Important testimony ivgarding the agricultural possibilities of Alaska has recently been given by Gen. A. W. (ircely, Chief Signal Ollicer of the Tnited States Army, in a letter to the Secretary of Agii- culture, in connection with which he transmitted samples of vegetables grown in the garden of Gov. John G. Brady, of Sitka, Alaska. In this letter he makes the follow ing statements: They are n«t hothouse plants nor are they simply examples, but they are part of larjre (piantities of vegetables — potatoes, turnips, carrots, parsnips, beeta, oniouH, and celery. Fully 200 bushels of potatoes of the finest possible character were trrf)\vn in this garden during tlie past summer. They are illustrations of the capabilities of Alaska as regards the growth of vegetables. To my knowledge lar^e quantities of similar vegetables are grown in the valley of the Yukon, especially in its lower part. I do not compare the agricultural jwssibilities of Ala.ska with those of the United States, but feel confident from personal observation tiiat there are tliou.sanK KXl'F.ltlMKNT STATIONS. nuul«' possible by ('li!in«JCOs in tho :ii)|)!ir:iltis inudc uikIim' :i Liraiil from the C'liriiciric Institution. Consick'nibli' luklitioniil dutii r(>i>fiirdin<( the niilritixc \ uhir <>i' I'liiits and nuts havo been obtain(Ml, and a report on this siil)i('ct has been pub- lislied. Additional data on the dii^ostiltilitv and nutritive value of bread have also been pul)lished, and, as the result of the investij^ation.s of this Oflice on this subject, it has l)een eleai'ly shown that ordinary wheat flours arc thorou<;hly di<,'"ested and have a hi<^h nutritive value. Six bulletins riH-ordiii"- the results of nutrition in\estirly, and that fanners must stuch', in a wa}' not necessary when irrigators were few and the water sui)ply abundant, tlie best means of spreading the water over their fields. They must do this in order to lessen losses from evaporation, increase jnelds, and prevent damag'e to the land either throuo;h the rise of alkali or the creating of swamps and marshes in areas where natural drainage is imperfect and artificial drainage has not been provided. AVith the growing necessit}' for better s3'stems of distri])ution and application and the increasing price of water, the need for its more accurate measurement is btcoming more and more manifest. In other words, tiie next step in the development of irrigation in the AVest is largely dependent upon the adoption of better methods and practices on the part, of farmers, and this Office is being looked to for aid in the discovery and substitution of these better practices for the ones hitln'rto followed. For this reason the character of the practical studies carried on b)^ this Office has largely changed within the last two 3'ears. The first step in this investigation was to determine the requirements of irrigation \mder the methods in common use. The next stei^was to discover better methods of application. The investi- gations already made have shown that from one-fourth to one-half of the water diverted by canals is lost by seepage, reducing the areas irrigated and the productive value of the canals, as well as rendering unproductive for the time large tracts of land. The measurements made in California in 1903 show how much the dutv of water may be increased b}' the adoption of better methods. Where water was applied to the hot surface soil, 93 per cent disap- peared in evaporation; where it was applied in shallow furrows, 83 per cent was lost; where it was applied in deep, narrow furrows, only 62 per cent was lost. In all cases the loss Avas sufficiiMitly large to warrant the belief that the water now used to irrigate one acre will in time serve to irrigate two acres. METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION OF WATER. Another step in the improvement of irrigation methods is the better organization of comnumities in the distribution of water. When all the water is needed wa.steful or unskillful use b}' one farmer means inevitable loss to a neighbor. Where all the water is sold oi- rented uncertainty of measurement almost always results in one fjirmer getting more than he pays for and another farmiM- getting less. The const nic- tion of storage works to supplement the natural flow of streams and the important agreements being entered into in Colorado, Utah, and elsewhere for exchanges of rights to the natural flow of streams for riglits in reservoirs are making the measurement of water an important factor in the success of farmers and in the maintenance of peace and harmonv in conununiti(;s of irrii^ators. Hence a studv of nirthods of 44 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. wutor Tno:isui"(MiuMit and tho workinj^ out of s^-stoms of diNision of tlie wattM" supply Ix'twi'cii the canals and resorvoirs and tlio connniinities dop(Mid(Mit on tlicni arc hocoiniiiii' nior(> and nioiu* ini])ortant foatur<'s of th(> work of this Ollicc. 'l'h»^ stnu'turos used in the nioasurcincnt and distribution of water ar(> under jroinji' as important chanffos as the methods omploypd l)y farmers in ai)plying water to tlieir fields. Theu.se of wood in Humes, head ^ates, and measuring boxes is beinj^ done away with, and metal, stone, and concrete structures arc being substituted. The pioneer canal ])uilders had to construct w^ooden Humes and wooden head gat^s, because this in many cases was the only available matcn-ial, and it was always the cheapc^st. Experience, liowever, has shown that wooden flumes are leaky. exj)ensive to maintain and operate, and their rapid decay makes their ai)i)ai-ent econoiuy a matter of grave (piestion. Along with the growing appreciation of their disadvantages has come a remarkable advance during the last four or five years in the manufacture of con- crete structures, especially of concrete strengthened ])v metal. The increasing use of this material in l)uildings promises to be duplicated in irrigation, and it bids fair to largcl}^ displace wood in the cotistruction of flumes, pipes, culverts, and in many sections in the lining of canals to prevent excessive losses from seepage. This Office can render irri- gation developnuMit no greater service than to collect and collate the results of practical experience in the use of concrete, stone, and metal, and in making tests to determine their efiiciencj' and cost in cases where improvements wait upon more definite information than is now available. IRRIGATION IN THE SEMIARID REGION. In the semiarid region which extends from Canada to Mexico, through the western parts of the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Okla- homa, and Texas, the rainfall in many years is sufficient to produce good crops, but in other years it is not, making agriculture, where rainfall is the sole dependence for moisture, a hazardous industry. This is a region of few streams, and the water supply must therefore be obtained from other sources, such as the storage of storm waters, pumping from wells, and from, artesian wells. Experiments were carried on at Hays Cit}^ Kans., and data as to the cost of artesian wells and the profits from their use in the James River Valley, South Dakota, were collected. Both in Kansas and South Dakota irrigation has proven very profitable, and it is believed that the methods used in these two localities have wide applicability to the semiarid region. IRRIGATION IN THE IIUIMID REGION. The importance of irrigation in the humid portions of this country is illustrated by the efl'ectof its adoption in the rice districts of Loui- siana and Texas. In 1903 more than half a million acres of land was IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. 45 iriii>iited in these two States, und the crop j^rown thereon had an esti- mated vahie of more than i^l•i,0(JO, ()()(), or uearh' $3(» an acre. In other words, the vahie of the single crop is far greater tlian the total vtiUio of this hind ])efore irriV OKFICE OF KXTPJIUMENT STATIONS. the governors and attoi'iiov-jjciKM-jils of KiuisaH, Nohrasku, NVyomiiij^, suul C\)l()ra(l(), and tlic State ciij^iiu'ers of Nebraska, Wyoming-, and Colorado, it was contduded to take uj) a study of tlie Icjjal and social j)rol)l(Mns created by tiie diversion and use of the Platte River in irrij^ation, the })lan bein*,'' to j^ather the facts showing th(» number of ditches, areas irrigated, character of the rights aciiuired undei- the laws of ai)i)roi)riation, influence upon the flow of tiie stream of the diversion of water l)y canals and its return in seepage through sti-eams and springs, and the influence of this interference with the natural flow on the rights of farmers and mill owners owning riparian lands in the portions of the stream's course where the riparian doctrine is recognized. The inauguration of this investigation was warmly welcomed by both State oflicials and farmers concerned. The collection of data has been a laborious imdertaking, and it is probal)le that another season will ])e required for its comi)letion. It is ])elieA'ed that this report will tiirow nuich light upon many of the important practical (piestions which nuist be considered b}- the United States circuit and Supreme courts in the litigation now pending before those tri))unals. A more extended account of the progress of the irrigation investiga- tions during the past 3^ear may be found in the report of the officer in charge on page 469. RURAL ENGINEERING. The opportunities for this Department to do useful and eflfective work in studies of other ))ranches of rural engineering are every year becoming more numerous and important. These include the laying out of farms so as to permit of the establishment of systems of rota- tion, and tlie economical cultivation and harvesting of crops; the construction and grouping of farm houses and farm buildings so as to secure efficiency and economy and contribute to the liealthfulness and attractiveness of rural life. In the movement of settlement to the West and the continued extension of civilized life to regions before unoccupied these matters have been largely neglected, and there is no dou))t that, in these particulars, the convenience and attractiveness of farm homes in this country are inferior to those in most European countries. It is equally certain that the betterment of these conditions will have much to do with checking the movement from the farms to the cities. In the construction of farm buildings, both barns and houses, the farmer is now almost entirely dependent on his own knowledge and ingenuity', and as a result the majority of farm Ijuildings are unsatis- factory, whether considered from the standpoint of appearance, dura- bility, or adaptation to the needs of their occupants. Some problems in connection wnth farm buildings need careful study in order to imDrove their healthfulness and convenience. One of these is ventila- RURAL ENGINEERING. 47 tion. AVe do not know either the ett'ect of poor ventihition or the most ollii'iont means of .sccurino- (rood ventilation. Anotlier is the improvement in the water system of both farm houses and farm barns. Heretofore, nearly all farm buildinj^s have been built of wood. A ehanoe to other materials is inevitable in the near future. Timber is l)ee()ming- scaree and costly and nuist be supplemented by brick, stone, and cement. On the other hand, improvements in the manufacture of cement and in the methods of utilizing it for different construction purposes have been one of the most marked developments of recent times. This Department can render the farmers of this country no greater service than by showing just how far it is possible for farmers to make use of these advances in our industri;d methods by determining the relative cost and value of different materials to be used. in the con- struction of houses, barns, fences, and other features of the equipment of a modern farm. It is believed, however, that the greatest opportunity for the improve- ment of the agricultural practice of the United States is to be found in the right selection and care of farm machinery. In no other country is its use so extensive, and the scarcit}^ and high price of farm labor will tend to its increased use in the future, rather than otherwise. The total value of implements and machinery on the farms of this country, according to the recent census, was $761,201,550, an average of $133 per farm, taking the country over, and of 90 cents per acre of farm land. Much of this machinerj^ is elaborate and complicated in con- struction, and re({uires mechanical skill for its most efficient operation and care, not to mention the making of small repairs. It represents an important part of the farmer's invested capital upon which he must pay or earn interest. That there is an enormous waste of money due to ncgh^.ct and unskillful handling of this part of the farm e({uipment must be obvious to anyone who has traveled through the regions where it is most used. The record of two tenants on neighboring farms in Nebraska is a case in point as showing how much of this waste may be avoided. These two men have been living on the same farms for the past nine years. One of them is still using the same harvester which he pur- chased th(! rirst 3'ear he took the farm; the other has bought and " worn out'' three self-binders. In eight and a half 3'ears there has been a difference of $1,J>00 in the outlay- for farm machinery by these two men. Both farn)s are about equally eijuippcd. The difference is that, as a result of better care and more skillful use, one man's tools have lasted about three times as long as the other's. Such examples of extravagant management are by no tneans uncommon. The American farmer, with all his mechanical aptitude and iincntive skill, has been straiigelv nciilrctful in his management and care of agricultural machinery, and until recently there has been little demand for studies 48 RI'M'OKT OF OFFICK oF KX I'KKIM KNT STATIONS. of this siil)jert hy this I)('i)!irtiiieut and th(^ iij^ric-ultiiral (•()lU'<(('s dl" this count rv. In (icniiany. I'ranct', and ni()r(\ recently in Kniiition which technical education is now receiving, due in no small degree to the influence of the land-grant colleges of this country. A high tribute was paid to the great work of these institutions, which the speaker declared ha\'e given a new conception of maiuial training and set the pace for scientific stud\' and experimentation in America. The a^jpiication of their work he pronounced far in excess of the original conception, and their experi- ence and the methods which they have worked out have served as an example to other counti'ies. The speaker pictured the future of this country and the future development and position of the land-grant colleges, whicli he thought would occupy an increasingly' prominent and important part in promoting industrial development and in con- tributing to the advancement of both general and applied science. Pursuant to a resolution adopted by the association last year, pro- vision was made for memorial addresses on the late President AV. L. Broun, of Alabama, and the late President W. M. Beardshear, of Iowa. An address on the public life and services of Doctor Broim was delivered b}- President P. II. Mell, of South Carolina. Doctor Gunsaulus, of Chicago, who was to have delivered the address on President Beardshear, was prevented from l)eing present, but he was requested to furnish the manuscript of his address for publication. One of the most important items of business was the consideration of the amendments to the constitution proposed at the Atlanta meet- ing. These amendments had been l)efore the association for a year, and were adopted with practically no discussion. The}' provide foi* a reduction in the number of sections to two, one on college work and administration and the other on experiment station work, three mem- bers ()i the executive connnittee to be chosen by the first section and two by the latter. No action on public and administrative questions is to be final without the assent of the college section. There is pro- vision for each section to create such divisions as it ma}' find desirable, l)ut no such divisions have yet ))een made, and the report of the com- mittee on the oi-ganization of the new section for station work recom- mended that for the })resent no such divisions be made. The section on horticulture and botany, however, expressed a desire to continue its meetings in the future, and appointed a committee to confer with the executive connnittee with i-eference to this matter. A standing connnittee on programme was provided for by each of the new sections to which subjects for discussion may be suggested. The executive connnittee, in its report, read l)y II. C. White, chair- 52 REPORT OF Ob'FlCE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. niiin. noted iho cflorts of tlio coniinittec to .secure the consideration of tlic niinini;- school Itill and the steps which hav'C been taken toward inakiiiu- a canipaij^n for an increase in the Federal appi'ojjriation for experiment stations. It was successful in securin*^ an appr<)j)riation for a college and station exhil)it at the St. Louis Exposition, and has ascertained that the a total receipts during the year to be $1,688.55, and the total expenditures $1,425.29, leaving a balance in the treasury of $263.23. It was voted to continue the annual assessment at $15. The report of the bib- liographer. A. C. True, called attention to the more important bibliographies which have appeared during the j'ear, a list of 110 bibliographies,. Avith explanatory notes, constituting the main part of the report. Special mention was made of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. The incompleteness of this catalogue in regard to certain lines of work in agricultural science, notabh' the work of the experiment stations, was a matter of much regret. The standing committee on indexing agricultural literature called attention in its report to the index cards for the publications of the Department of Agriculture which are being prepared by the library, and also to the cards for the accessions to the Department library. The latter are now being printed by the Library of Congress, and can be obtained at small cost, as may also the catalogue cards for the Library of Congress relating to agriculture. The card catalogue of the Department lil)rary now contains over 110,000 cards, and the library is thus in position to render more efficient aid than ever before to the agricultural colleges and experiment stations by furnishing them information in regard to the literature on particular topics, loaning books, etc. Attention was called in this report to the com- bined index, now in press, of the first twelve volumes of Experiment Station Record, and to the card index of agricultural literature issued b}^ this Office. By request of the association this report has been pub- lished as Circular No. 54 of this Office. The report of the committee on methods of teaching agriculture, presented by A. C. True, was on the relation of the natural sciences to agriculture in a four years' course, and presented a plan for a course of study including these natural sciences, together with brief mention of the principal subjects to be covered under each. The report pointed out that the older method of arranging the courses in agriculture tended to make specialists in such subjects as agricultural chemistry, ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 53 or vegetal)lG patholocry, rather than to make trained agriculturists. It was urged that there should be a sufficient period of general study before specialties are taken up, and that the paths of the specialist and the agriculturist should early div^erge. The college course can not be expected to fit men for expert work in this Department, the experi- ment stations, and similar institutions, but for such work, at least, the master's degree, and ere long the doctor's degree will likely be required. This paper brought out much discussion, illustrating the marked interest which has developed within the past few years in the matter of courses of study and in agricultural education of different grades. There was considerable discussion of the subject of the graduate school of agriculture, and the hope was expressed that it may be pos- sible to arranofe for a session of this school next summer. This matter was placed in the hands of the conmiittee on graduate stud}- at Wash- ington, whose title was changed to the committee on graduate stud}^. President Northrop withdrew from this committee, owing to his ina- bilit}' to satisfactorily look after its interests, and President C. W. Dabney was appointed chairman in his place, the vacanc}' on the committee being tilled by the appointment of L. H. Bailey. The report of the standing committee on military instruction in land-grant colleges was made by G. W. Atherton. The committee reported interviewing the officials of the War Department and receiv- ing from them an unfavorable report relative to any change being made in General Orders 94, which increases the amount of military instruction in the colleges and reduces the detail of officers to two years. This order was characterized by the chairman and by other speakers as impossible of execution, and called forth a vigorous dis- cussion, which resulted in the adoption of a resolution requesting the connnittee on military instruction to continue its efforts to secure a modification of General Orders 94 and to formulate a practicable scheme for military instruction at the colleges. The standing connnittee on agricultural engineering presented its first report through W. E. Stone, chairman. The report pointed out the increase in the number of engineering problems in agriculture and their prominence, the enormous extent to which agricultural machinery is being used by American farmers, the problems of irriga- tion and of drainage, the terracing of hillsides, the construction of roads, and other matters, as illustrating the desiral)ility of more s^'stematic attention to instruction in these topics in connection with the college courses and of extended scientific investigation. The com- mitte<' declared in favor of separate departments of rural engineering in the colleges, and the enlargement of the work of this Department to includ(^ agricultural engineering in addition to irrigation, and rec- onunendcd that the executive connnitte(r of the jissociation aid in securing the increa.sed appropriation asklished in eiivulac fonn, and it has been issued as Ciri'uhi^ No. 5H of tins Office. The rei)oit of the eommittco on eolleetivc (•ollet»-e and station exhil)it at tho St. Louis Kxposition was pre.sent(^d l>y W. II. dordan, cliair- mati. wiio outlined tiie oi'i^in and history of this nioNcnient, and jrave an abstniet of the law inakine" appropriation foi' the exhibit, details eoncernint'' the exhiMt. and a list of the persons in charo'e of the different exhibits. The repoi't of the eoniiiiittee on cooperation between the .stations and this Department, presented by E. A. Bryan, called attention to the statement of fundamental principles embodied in the two previous reports, expressed gratification at the appointment of a connnittee within the Department of Agriculture for perfecting the details of a system of cooperation, and reiterated its belief that a full and free consultation l)etween the stations and the memljers of the Department forces in regard to the work undertaken in the several States is very desirable and would do much to remove possible sources of friction. The standing connnittee on uniform fertilizer laws, of which H. J. Wheeler is chairman, called attention to the satisfactory progress which is being made in the direction of greater uniformity, the recom- mendations of the association having been of value in securing the recent passage or amendment of fertilizer laws in Alabama, Florida, Indiana, Missouri, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. This report also included reconnnendations concerning the provisions of laws for feeding-stuti' inspection. The repoi't of the standing committee on pure-food legislation, made b}' W. A. \\'ithers, noted considera})le progress along the line of pure- food legislation during the 3"ear. New legislation was enacted in two States, and provisions made ])y Congress for the inspection and control by this Department of foods imported from foreign countries. This was pronounced an unusually important step in food legislation, and its execution has resulted in considerable progress in the preparation of standards of purity. The report of the standing connnittee on animal and plant breeding was presented by the chairman, W. M. Haj's, who reported progress and announced a meeting to ])e held at St. Louis, Decem])er 29 and 80, 1903, for the purpose of forming an association of plant and animal breeders. The committee on revision of methods of seed testing recommended certain changes in the previous report, published as Circular 34 of this Office. These changes relate to an improved germinating chamber and other apparatus, instructions for sampling, etc. ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND STATIONS. 55 Tho fiirniers"' institute woi k. which the Depaitineiit haa taken up through this Office, was outlined by A. C. True, who stated clearl}^ the policy of the Department in regard to this work. There will be no attempt to interfere with the State management of farmers' insti- tutes in any way, but rather to cooperate with the State officials and to aid them in l)uilding up the institutes in the several States. The Department will l)e a general agency for coordinating and strengthen- ing this work throughout the country. One of the main ol^jects at present is to help to increase the efficienc}^ of the institute lecturers, now numbering over S(K), less than half of whom are connected with the work of the colleges or the stations. A corps of specially trained institute w^orkers was recommended as eventually desira])le, to relieve the college and station men of nuu-h of the burden of this work, as it is still the opinion of the Office that the prime object of college men is to teach and of the station men to investigate. A resolution presented by C. E. Thorne commended the reviews furnished by the Experiment Station Record, and suggested an exten- sion of these to include more full abstracts in the case of some of the foreign pul)lications, which are accessible to only a portion of the sta- tion workers, and directed the executive committee of the association to urge upon the Secretary of Agriculture the securing of additional funds for this purpose. The plans of the new l)uilding for the Department of Agriculture were exhibited and explained l)y B. T, Galloway. The three sessions of the section on agriculture and chemistry were occupied chiefly with papers and discussions relating to soils, especially soil fertility. Throughout these discussions there were frequent ref- erences to the principles laid down in Bulletin 22 of the Bureau of Soils, and their conflict with views w^hich have previously been held regarding soil fertility and maintenance. The papers presented included The Present Status of Soil Investigations, l)y C. G. Hopkins; The Chemistr}' of Soils as Related to Crop Production, by E. W. Hil- gard; two papers on Methods of Conducting Investigations Relating to Maintenance or Increase of Soil Fertility, by C. E. Thorne and E. B. Voorhees; and a discussion of the same subject by II. W. \\'ilev; Differences between four Southern and four Northern Soils, and Improvements in Soil Management which these Diflerences Suggest, by F. II. King; Methods for the Extension and Practical Application of Soil Survevs, l>v R. H. Forbes; Methods and Value of Securino" Irrigation Supplemental to Rainfall for Humid and Semiaiid Districts, by L. (J. Cai-i)entei-: two psipers on Experiments in Animal Breeding, by F. B. Mumt'ord and C. S. Plumb. There was also a discussion of jMethods for the Extension and Practical A|)i)lication of Soil Surveys, by Milton Whitney. The topic of Botjuiy and Horticulture was the main theme of a dis- 56 RKPORT OK OFKICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. cussioii in the section on horticultmc uiul hotiiny. A. F. Woods p rose M tod, for the coimDittec on courses in hotaiiy, lui outline of a course in elenientarv botany, togetlier with sugi^^estions as to more advanced courses. Botany in the A«^i"icultural Course, was the subject of :i ])!\})»r t>y L. II. Painnicl; The Foundation of Aj^ricultural Teach- intf, l>y H. Metcalf; and. Methods of Practical Instruction in Horti- culture, )»y IT. L. Ilutt. Other topics discussed were, Desert Botanical La)>oratory, by F. V. Coville; Cooperation and the Granville Tobacco ^^'ilt, 1)V F. L. Stevens; and (hoj) Uotation as a Factor in Combatint^ Plant Diseases, by \V. A. Orton. The committee on plant-breedinj^ nomenclature reported in favor of the use of the word "clou" which has lately been proposed by II. J. Webber for plants grown from cuttings, bulbs, etc., the progeny all being members of the same individual. In the section on entomolog}' a number of interesting and instructive papers were read, including the following: Problems of Forest Ento- mology, by A. D. Hopkins; Keeping Entomological Notes, by C. M. Weed; The Necessity of Uniform Methods of Inspection of Nursery Stock, by A. J. Burgess; The New Jerse}' Ideal in the Study and Report upon Injurious Insects, by J. B. Smith. The latter argued that the farmers desired practical information and did not care for technical details. The entomological bulletins should be educational, but should not contain material relating to synonymy, or even descriptions of new species. The feeding habits of insects should be described, likewise the nature of injur}' caused by them and the reason for the application of the recommended treatment. Attention should also be called to the relation of the treatment of agricultural methods and the life his- tory of the insects. The attention of the section on college work was given to tw^o sub- jects: The Mission of the Land-Grant Colleges, and Short Courses. The first subject was introduced by W. O. Thompson, of Ohio, in a paper setting forth (1) the history of the movement bringing the land- grant colleges into existence, and (2) the writer's interpretation of the first and second Morrill acts, based partly on the discussions in Con- gress ])earing on those acts. Briefl}^ stated, the writer's conclusions were that those favoring the establishment of the land-grant colleges were of the opinion that some other form of education than the clas- sical may he liberal; that it was the intention of these men to give a li)>eral as well as a practical education, impljnng that industrial educa- tion is liberal; that precedence was to be given always to agriculture and the mechanic arts, and that military instruction was intended to occupy a subordinate position. A round-ta])le discussion of short courses was participated in by nearly a dozen speakers, who presented the various conceptions of the scope and function of the short courses in the agricultui'al college. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FARMERS' INSTITUTE WORKERS. OFFICERS. President, B. W. KiLGORE, of North Carolina. Vice-President, E. P]. Kaufman, of North Dakota. Secretari/- Treasurrr, G. C. Creelman, of Toronto, Canada. Executive Committee, Geo. McKerrow, of Wisconsin. H. G. Easterly, of Illinois. J. C. Hardy, of Mississippi. Ex-officio: The President and the SErRETARY-TREAsxTRER. EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING. The eighth annual meeting of tlie American Association of Farmers' Institute AVorkers was held in the Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Can- ada, June 23-26, 1903. Seventeen of the States of the Union and four of the Provinces of the Dominion of Canada were represented b}- their institute officials. The association was welcomed to Canada by the Hon. G. W. Ross, premier of Ontario, who spoke of the remarkable progress which agriculture had made in recent years, both in the United States and in the Dominion of Canada, and of the f riendl}^ competition that exists between the two countries. The president, W. C. Latta, in his annual address, reviewed the sco])e and growing importance of the farmers' institute work, dealing particularly with the means of making it more effective for good. Hefci-ring to the training of the institute worker, he said that this should be special and "should include a boyhood spent on the farm, a common and high school education, a thorough technical training at an agricultural college, and, after graduation, several years of experi- ence in some line of practical agriculture." The (jualitications of the workers and the orjrani/ation of farmers' institut(\s were discu.s.sed at length. The ])rogranmie included the following papers, mo.st of which were (juitc fre(^ly discussed: Training for Institute Work; Prime Qualifica- tions; Should the ^^'<)^1^('I• li:i\»' Special 'i'raining? How may it be 57 58 KKl'oKT <>1" OKFICK (»K KXI'KKIMENT STATIONS. Socuiod^ Fniiilaiia. 111. How fai' is it Praetiealde to C'ouduet a Season's Canipaij^n in soiiui Aj;;rieul- tural Inteiest' What interests may be Appropriately and Success- fully .Vd\ a need, such as Roads. 1 Ionics, Reforesting, Agri(!ulturc in Hi*>h Schools, or Agricultural Education? V. K. Oavvley, Fayetteville, N. ^ . I low to Advertise Institute Meetings, Geo. McKeiiow. ]\radi- son, \\'is. The Evening Session — How to make it Intenjsting and Insti'uctive: (a) TIk^ Romance of Agriculture, C. C. James. Toronto, Canada; and (h) Local Heli),AV^esle3' Wehh, Dover, Del. Some Essen- tials to the Permanency of Farmers' Institutes, E. B. Voorhees, New Brunswick, N. J. How the Farmers' Institutes and the Agricultural Colleges may be mutually helped. Dr. James Mills, Guelph, C'anada. How the National Department of Agriculture may through its Insti- tute Office assist the State Institute Meetings, John Hjunilton, Wash- ington. D. C. Women's Institutes, Miss Laura Rose, Guelph, Canada, and Miss Agnes Smith, Hamilton, Canada. How the Institutes can Bring the Most Good to Our Girls, Miss Blanche Maddock, Guelph, Canada. How to Enlist the Interest of Our Boys in Agriculture, Hon. John Dryden, Toronto, Canada. There was a discussion of problems and methods in institute work, participated in l)y delegates selected from different sections of the coun- tr}^; and the institute work from the standpoint of the worker was dis- cussed by D. C. Anderson, Andrew Elliott, and Henry Glendinning, of Ontario. The reports of the directors giving account of the institute work in the several States all indicated that prog-ress had licen made during the year, and that appreciation of the work is becoming more general as the public becomes better acquainted with what is being done for the benefit of agriculture through this method of instruction and with what is possil)le to be accomplished. Expressions with regard to the quality of the work required showed that the people were not satisfi(Kl with anything l)ut the best. The problem now confronting the institute directors is that of securing a suflicient number of capal)le instructors to meet this need. Two of the State directoi's reported that they were about to introduce into their system a normal school })lan for training lecturers, the instructors in these schools to be selected from the forces of the agricultural college and experiment station and the school to continue from one or two or three weeks, as the necessities in each case seem to justif3^ On Thursday the members of the association and their friends were given a complimentary trip to th(^ Ontario Agricultural College, at ASSOCIATION OF FARMERS^ INSTITUTE WORKERS. 59 Gnclpli. where luncheon was served iuul visitors were escorted over the orounds and throuoh the huildinos hy the members of the facultj\ The president. Dr. James Mills, explained to the association tlie work and purpose of the college. At a business meeting on Wednesdav several amendments to tiie constitution, proposed at tlie last annual meetinj^', were considered and ado})ted. Among- them was one providing for representation of this Department in the association by two delegates, one from the Depart- ment at large and one from the Office of Experiment Stations. Reso- lutions were passed expressing appreciation of the interest manifested l)y the Department and the Office in the institute work and in the meetings of the association, and approving the step which has l)een taken in (Establishing an agenc}' in the Department for its promotion and aid. St. Louis was selected as the place of the next meeting, tlie date being left for the executive committee to tix. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Tho l)usinos,s of the Office of Experiment Stutions has continued to jjrow durinji" the past year, and several new features have been especially developed. The work in relation to the farmers' institutes has ))een put on a permanent basis, and systematic efforts are now beinijf made to bring the Department into close relations with the State organizations through wliich the institutes are managed. Attendance at the institutes now aggregates about 1,000,000 persons. It is believed that they may be made a very effective means for the more thorough dissemination of the information gathered by this Department and the experiment stations. There has been increased intei'est in the work of the Office relating to agricultural education. During the past year special emphasis has been placed on encouraging the establislnnent of secondary and elementary courses in agriculture. The agricultural experiment stations in Hawaii and Porto Rico have made good prog- ress in the institution of systematic investigations, and gratifying recognition of the value of the work of these stations has been made by the insular governments, as indicated by liberal appropriations for their equipment and the extension of their work. In Alaska a begin- ning has been made of investigations in the Copper River Valley, where there is a large region suited to agriculture, and it is hoped that means may be provided for the establishment of a permanent station in this region. In the irrigation investigations greater attention has been given to studies of the duty of water in different regions and for various crops, with a view of determining how the water supply of the irrigated region may be most economically and efficiently used. Attention has also been given to the legal and economic problems involved in the use of interstate streams for irrigation. Special efforts are being made to enlarge the work of the Office in the investigation of problems relating to farm machinery and the use of different kinds of power for agricultural purposes. It is believed that the investigations in this line might l)e extended with great advantage to the agriculture of the countrj'. Their results would also aid the agricultural colleges to put on an efficient basis the courses in farm mechanics, for which there is now a great demand and which some of these institutions are alread}^ establishing. A new feature of the nutrition investigations has been a large cooperative investigation in 60 PUBLICATIONS. 61 the Govorninciit Hospital for the Insane in tlie District of Cohim})ia, whicli has resulted in showinj^ that, while the diet given tlie patients and employees in tliat institution was ample as regards its luitritive value, greater variety might he atiorded, and at the same time nuich waste might ])e avoided, l)y stricter supervision of the food supply as related to its nutritive value. Import^mt investigations on the diges- tibility of cereals, fruits, and meat were completed, and reports on a large series of metabolism experiments with the respiration calorime- ter were prepared for publication. In cooperation witli the Associa- tion of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, the Office has undertaken a large amount of work in connection with an exhibit of the progress of agricultural education and research at the St. Louis Exposition. LINES OF WORK. The work of the Office of Experiment Stations during the past year, as heretofore, has included the supervision of the expenditures of the stations; conferences and correspondence with station officers regarding the management, ecpiipment, and work of the stations; the collection and dissemination of information regarding the progress of agricultural education and research throughout the world b}' means of technical and popular bulletins; the management of the agricul- tural experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico; special investigations on the nutrition of man and on irrigation, conducted largely in cooperation with experiment stations, educational institu- tions, and other agencies in diti'erent States and Territories. A new feature of the work of the Office has ])een the systematic promotion of the interests of the farmers' institutes throughout the United States. INCOME. The income of the Office during the past fiscal year, derived wholly from appropriations by Congress, was as follows: For the general ])nHiness of the Office $37, 000 For the Alawku Kxperiineiit Station-s 15, 000 For the Hawaii Experiment Station 12, 000 For the Porto Rico Experiment Station 1 2, 000 For nutrition investigations 20, 000 F'or irrigation investigations (>o, 000 Total 161,000 PUBLICATIONS. During the year the Office pul)lished 44 documents, aggregating 4,112 pages, a substantial increase over the output of the previous year. The publications issued include 18 numbers of the Experiment Station llecord, 14 technical bulletins, 15 l)ulletins of the Porto Rico 62 KKrORT OF OFFICE OK KXl'EHIMENT STATIONS. ExjKMiinciit StjitioM (Knined in the Ammal Re])ort of the Oflice of Kxpei'iment Stations, as was don(> last year. Kxjii'i'liiient Station Record^ ]'<>l. XI\\ pj^- -?^6'7. — This contains abstracts of 377 l)ulletins and 52 reports of the experiment stations in the United States, 176 publications of the Department of Agriculture, and numerous i-eports of foreign investigations. The total num])erof abstracts is 4,020, classified as follows : Chemistry, 230; botan}'^, 177; fermentation and bacteriolog}^ 4i>; zoology, 51; meteorology and cli- matology, 102; air, water, and soils, 1S3; fertilizers, 184; tield crops, 344; horticulture, 4(i3: forestry, 199; seeds and weeds, 73; diseases of plants, 371; entomology, 371; foods and nutrition, 257; animal produc- tion, 344; dairy farming and dairying, 208; veterinary- science and prac- tice, 670; technology, 27; agricultural engineering, 158; statistics and nii.scellaneous. 159. This volume contains condensed accounts of the convention of the Association of Official Agricultural C'hemists, 1902; International Con- ference on Plant Breeding and Hybridization, convention of the Asso- ciation of AnuM'ican Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, and the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science as regards agricultural science; a description of the new l)uild- ings at the New Hampshire and Missouri agricultural colleges, and an article on Values in Science, by W. H. Jordan. The following topics are discussed in the editorials; Increased funds for station maintenance; education of the American farmer; Royal Society's catalogue of scien- tific papers; fiftieth anniversarj- of the first State experiment station; Prof. A. Petermann, founder of the experiment station s3"stem of Bel- gium; Jacob Richards Dodge, agricidtural statistician; Virchow's serv- ice to agriculture, progress in plant Itreeding; Dr. Ro])ert C. Kedzie, a pioneer in agricultural science; new yearbook of the Russian experi- ment stations; overworking among experiment station men; need of extending the scope of station operations; some factors in research work; P. P. Deherain, deceased; agricultural experimentation in the Philipj)ine Islands; the agricultural appropriation act, 1903-4; the De- partment publications; the soil survey" in 1903; school garden at the Department of Agriculture; need of experiments with horses; an index STATIONS IN ALASKA, HAWAII, AND POKT( » RICO, 63 Ciit:il()d form the index contains about 125,000 entries, and is undoubtedly the most extensive index to the literature of agricultural experimentation which has ever been issued. MiscelJanemis technical pvhlications. — These included a Digest of Recent Experiments on Horse Feeding; Progress in Secondary Edu- cation in Agriculture; Some Practical Results of Experiment Station Work; Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Convention of the Asso- ciation of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations; Proceedings of the Seventh Annual j\Ieeting of the American Asso- ciation of Farmers' Institute Workers: Organization Lists of the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations in the United States; Statistics of the Land-grant Colleges and Agricultural Experiment Stiitions in the United States; and })ul)lications on nutrition and irrigation, noted on pages 68 and 7(), respectivel3^ Fannei'i^ hnlletlns. — These included articles on Silos and Silage, Piinciples of Horse Feeding, and two numbers of Experiment Station AN'ork. ('(ir(T ivtJi'X. — Copy for 1. Too cards of the index of experiment sta- tion literature was prepared during the past 3'ear, and the- nundjcr of index cards distril)uted reached 'J8.0(»0. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN ALASKA, HAWAII, AND PORTO RICO. Agricultural expei'iment stations weic regulai'ly maintained during the past year, as heretofore, at Sitka and Kenai. and a new station was established at Copper Center, Alaska. The Hawaii Kxpcriniont Sta- 64 KEl'OliT OK OFFICE OF KXI'KKIMKNT STATIONS. tioii. lociilcd :it Honolulu, developed its work ulonjjf Ji munlu'r of use- ful lilies. riie Porto Kieo Station, the hejuhjuurters of wliicli were removed to Mayac, hus been inon^ fully or<;iini/,ed, and its work has hcen established on a pei'inanent basis. Foi- accounts of tiie work of these stations see })ages 81, 108, and 174. NUTRITION INVESTIGATIONS. Durinj^ the fiscal year ended June 30, H>03, the iiKjuir}' re<^arding the food and nutrition of man, conducted under the auspices of this Office, has been continued along the same general lines as hitherto. This work, as heretofore, has been in charge of Prof. W. O. Atwater. There was no increase in the appropriation granted by Congress ($20,000), and it has been impracticable to extend the work in some directions, as was desired; but for the amount expended large results have been obtained. As in former 3'ears, a considerable portion of the amount appro- priated has been divided among various educational, scientific, and similar institutions throughout the United States, the sum allotted serving more as an encouragement to research than as actual compen- sation for the work done. These cooperating institutions have thus been made centers of scientitic research in this particular line of inves- tigation and have in most cases contributed largely in laboratories, apparatus, libraries, the counsel and assistance of experts, and similar gratuitous service. By this method of cooperation the amount appro- priated has been expended more economically and 3delded larger returns, a greater variety of questions has been studied under di fie rent local conditions, a more widespread interest in the investigations has been aroused, a corps of skilled investigators throughout the country has been trained for the carrying out of such inquir}', and the results obtained have been made more extensively available. The nutrition investigations are devoted mainly to the study of the physiological, hygienic, and economic branches of the subject. The chemical work is confined chiefly to determinations of the composition of different food materials and excretory products involved in the experimental inquiries, and is only preliminary to the study of the ph3'siological branch of the subject, the principal object of the inquiry being to discover the fundamental laws of nutrition and their economic and sociological application to the food of man. To this end four general classes of investigations have been carried out: (1) Dietary studies; (2) digestion experiments; (3) cooking experi- ments, and (4) metabolism experiments. The dietary studies have been made in several widely different localities and have included the study of the diet of people varying in occupation, age, sex, and circumstances. Their purpose has been to procure data in regard to the kinds, amounts, and costs of food NUTRITION INVESTIGATIONS. 65 matpi'ials under diffcront conditions, to ^'wc ()})poitunity for compari- son with tho data obtained by investij^ators in other countries, and to assist in estalilishinjj a ijeneral dietary staiuUird. The dig-estion experiments have also been carried on in diti'crcnt parts of the United States under var3'ing- conditions. These experi- ments have been made in order to obtain dahi with reference to the dig-estibility of various chisses of food materials, the amount of the material consumed which is made available to the body, and the estab- lishment of stiindards. Meats, lej^umes, cereals, fruits, and nuts have been the especial subjects of experiments the past year. The digestion experiments with meat have included the study of the influence of cooking, as well as of age and breed of animal, etc., upon the digesti- bilitv. The dig'estion experiments with cereals have included the study of the effect of ditierent methods of the milling of flour upon the digestibility of bread made from it. The cooking experiments have been made only with meat, and have included the study of the effects of cooking upon the flavor, palatability, and digestibilitj' of the meat, beef being usually used for the purpose. The metabolism experiments have been of two general sorts: (1) Those in which the income and outgo of nitrogen were studied, and (2) those which took account of the income and outgo of nitrogen, car- l)on. and energy. The former have been made in connection with all the digestion experiments. The latter have been made onl}' at ^liddle- town, Coim., as they necessitate the use of the respiration calorimeter. In connection with all investigations some analytical work, both physical and chemical, was, of course, necessary for the successful carrying out of the experiments. The development of apparatus and methods has received nmch attention the past 3'ear, especially at Mid- (lletown. A large amount of editorial work, including calculations and the veriHcation of data, has also been required at both A\'ashing- toii and Middletown to prepare the results of the investigations for publication in both technical and popular form. THE WORK AT DIFFERENT PT-ACES. The Washington oflice, in addition to editorial work, has had general supervision of the plans and expenditures of the nutrition investigations during the past year. The results of such incpiiry in this country and in Europe, not generall}' available, and bibliographical data, have been collected, and the current literature on the subject of nutrition has been reviewed and abstracts made, partly for use in the Experiment Station Record and partly for such other purposes in con- nection with the general incjuiry as seemed desirable. In cooperation with the I)e])artment of the Interior, some ver}' interesting dietary studies have been carried on in the Government S. Doc. 148, 58-2 5 66 KKroK'I" OF OFKKI': <»|- I'lXl'KllIMKNT STATIONS. II<)si)il:il for till' IiisMiir. A\'jisliiMot()n. 1 >. ( '. Tlu'sc invest ijrjitions >V(M'o iii:iur. A. 15. Ricluirdsoii, super- intendent of tlie ( lo\ crnnient li()sj)itiil, as a j)ait of liis j^renei-al plan for niaintainiiit:" a liiuli standard for tlu' conditions under \\hicli the patients and iMuplovees li\'ed in this j^reat institution. By reason of his intellij^ent appreciation of the re(|uirenients of such work satisfac- tory arrungonients were made foi' its prosecution. ilie studios were under the direct chariife of II. A. Pratt, who had i)reviously assisted in such investijj^ations at the Khnira Hefonnatory, Elniira, N. Y., and elsewhere in connection \\ ith similar studies made under Professor At water's direction. Twenty-seven dietary studies we're made in all, with ahout 1, (!<»() male patients and 125 employees. The results of these studies have been edited and are nearly read}' for pul)lication. Investi<;atiou has shown that in general the food of the Goveriunent hosi)ital is whole- some in (jualitv and adequate in an)ount. In many cases it was found that the waste was excessive. Steps were immediately taken to check the waste, and as a result tlie cost of the food for the year was con- siderably lowered without afl'ectino- in any way the quality or amount. A consideration of the details of the studies su^^gests numerous ways in which the results can be further a})])licd. The work at jSliddletown, Conn., under Prof. W. (). Atwater, chief of the nutrition investigations, has included the planning and direct supervision of the cooperative investigations throughout the country; improvements in apparatus and methods; the carrying out of special inquiries with the bomb and respiration calorimeters; such analytical work as was necessar}- in connection witli the investigations; editorial work in preparing the results of the iinjuiries for pu])lication; the compilation of results of investigation in this and other countries on the food and nutrition of man; correspondence and general adminis- trative work. The work with the respiration calorimeter, which is under the more immediate supervision of Prof. F. (i. Benedict, has been largely devoted to the modification and im})rovement of the apparatus, with such experimental work as was re([uired to test its accuracy'. In its modified form, the ventilation air current is in a "closed circuit," that is, the same air is used over and over again. The water and carbon dioxid imparted to the air by the subject are <'onstantly removed l)y passing the current through sulphuric acid and through soda lime; ox3"gen is then added to replace that used by the man mider experiment. This arrangement permits the more accurate determination of carbon dioxid and water and, a still more important feature, the direct determination of oxygen, which has been made possible by the changes in the apparatus .made under a grant from the Carnegie Institution.. NUTRITION INVESTIGATKWS. 67 The nutrition invcstit^ations at the University of California, con- ducted by Prof. M. E. Jaffa and his associates, were a continuation and conjplotion of th(> work boirun in 1001-2, which has comprised 30 digestion experiments, including- the income and outgo of nitrogen, with subjects whose food consisted of fruits and nuts only or hirgely, as well Jis seven dietary studies with fruitarians, and a number of analyses of samples of food materials and excretory products. Professor Jaffa has also written a complete report of the two years' work, at the same time compiling and collating much useful material on the nutritive value of fruits and nuts to round out his report and make it more complete. The result forms a publication of much interest, particularly in view of the fact that hitherto comparatively little attention has been paid to this subject, which is of especial importance to the people of California, fruits and nuts forming so large a part of the agricultural products of the State. Tlie nutrition investigations at the Universit}" of Georgia, under the direction of President II. C. White, included the study of the dietaries of typical families of white people of limited means in the mountain districts of the State, and one dietar}' study of a negro laborer's family. In all 10 dietary studies were made and 55 analyses of food mate- rials and wastes. The results obtained show^ a verj" simple diet. The articles of food are few and the methods of preparation primitive. Prof. H. S. Grindlev has continued his \alua))le work with meats at the Universit}' of Illinois the past year. This included the carry- ing out of 20 digestion and nitrogen metabolism experiments with men, in which meat (beef) formed the chief part of the diet; (35 artificial digestion experiments with different kinds of meat to deter- mine the influence of cooking upon the digesti])ility; 47 cooking experiments with meats to determine the losses in cooking and its influence upon flavor, palatability, digestibility, etc. In addition to his experimental work. Professor Grindley has prepared a bulletin on the cooking of meats, which gives the results of his investigations in this direction. The chief studies undertaken at the Universitv of jSIaine, under the direction of Prof. C. IX \\'oods, were those carried out in logging camps, with men doing large amounts of muscular work luider severe conditions of cold and exposure. Six digestion experiments of six days each with wood choppers were made with the analysis of the food materials and excretory products. Two dietary studies were also conducted with crews in logging camps, analyses being made of the foods used. The dietary studies showed that the luml)ermen who })crformed very large amounts of work ate correspondingly large amounts, the diet being high in ])oth protein and energy. At the Universit}' of Minnesota. Prof. Harry Snyder has contiiuied his investigations regarding the nutriti\ e value of flour milled in dif- (IS HKI'itKT n|' OFKM'K n|' KX I'Klfl M IIN'I' STATIONS. fcrciil \\:i\> wlii'ii iikkIc into ltrc;i(l. TIh' iin|iiii-v li;is liccii rspcciiiUy siitisriiclory tlii> vrai'. as the cxpcriiiifiilal mill ot' lahoraloi'v si/c, ])urcli:is('(l last vcar, has made it ])()ssil)lc to secure iiiiiroriii i^i'iuUis of tloui' for use in (he investigations. Prof. ('. K. ^\'ait. at th(> I'niviM-sity of Teruiessco, Know ille, hus continueci his in\ est ieat ions alonj^" i\w sjinii; lines jis hcretofofe, two kinds of work l)eini>' undeitaken, nuinely, dii^tiirv studies witli wliitc pcoph' of limited means in the niouiitiiin districts, and dij^'estion ox])efiments for the ])urj)()S(; of stiidyiii*^ the di<^estil)ilitv <>f le<^uines. In connection with the hitter, the income and outyfo of nltro02, and an article prepared for the report of this OfHce for the same year. The subjects treated in these pu))lications are as follows: Dietary Studies in New York City in 1896 and 1807; Experiments on the Pjffect of Muscular Work upon the Digestibilit}' of Food and Metabolism of Nitrogen; Experiments on the Metal )olism of Nitroj^en, Sulphur, and Phosphorus in the Human Organism; Studies on the Digestilnlit}' and Nutritive Value of lircad at the University of Min- nesota in 1900-1902; Dietary Studies in Boston and Springfield, Mass., Philadelphia, Pa., and Chicago, 111.; Further Investigations among Fruitarians at the California Agricultui'al Experiment Station; Dietary Studies of Groups, especially in Public Institutions; the Cost of Food as Related to its Nutritive Value. IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. The irrigation investioations of this Office have been carried on dur- ing the past year under the general direction of Prof. El wood Mead, who, in addition to the general oversight of the work, spent two months in Italy making a special stud}' into the irrigation laws and practice of that countr}'. A field office is maintained at Cheyenne, Wyo., for theKocky Mountain States, and one for California at Berkeley. Dur- ing the year C. T. Johnston, assistant chief of these investigations, resigned to accept the position of State engineer of W^'oming, and C. E. Tait was placed in charge of the Chej^enne office. Prof. S. Fortier has charge of the Berkeley office. The onh^ changes in the work from that of previous years were along the lines of greater thoroughness and more advanced investigations in the determination of the duty of water and in studies of the best means of distributing and apidying it. It is l)elieved that the investigations carried on during the year were in a field of urgent practical necessity IRRTGATTON INVESTIGATIONS. 69 to tho devolopinont of th(^ !ioiicultui(' of \\\v iirid iind seniiiirid portions of tills counti'v, !uul wove iiulisp(Misiil)lc to the sec-urint^" of the ])est use of hind Jind water. The work in drjiinao'e was o-reiitly extended during the year, and is destined to have j»'reat practical usefulness in reclaiming land no\\ unproductive and in promoting the success of farming in nian\ of the leading agricultural States. The investigations authorized by Congress, of the use of various forms of power in farm work, which were assigned to this Offic(\ deal with the feature of American agriculture which has given us our supremacy in the markets of the world. Other countries where this phase of agi'icultural iMigineering litis not one-tenth the importance it has with us are carrying on comprehensive investigations in the care and use of farm machinery, and we can not wisely longer neglect them. INVESTIGATIONS IN THE ARID REGION. The distri])ution of the tield work in the various arid States has been governed In' those features of irrigation practice most needing to be improved and the places where they could be most effectively studied, the latter being influenced in part by natural conditions and in part by our cooperative arrangements made with tho State experiment stations and the State engineers' offices. The following are the leading lines of work carried on in the dift'erent arid States: (1) Kxperiments to lessen the loss and damage from seepage. {•2) Tmpro\'ement of methods of distributing and applying water, so that the (juantit}" now used on one acre will suffice for two. (3) Gathering more accurate information about cost and feasibility of pumping water for irrigation. (4) Improving methods of measuring water, and the organization of farmers for its more just and S3'stemati(^ division among them. (5) Surve3's and investigations of districts needing drainage and giving advice to districts and communities regarding the legal and engiiu'cring ])ro1)lems of drainage. ((!) Studies of the legal and social questions connected with the diversion and use of streams in irrigjition. The need of the exercise of economy and skill by irrigators in the use of the western water supply is becoming more and moi"e manifest. The great extension of irrigation of citrus fruit in southern California has so increased the demand for water that the surface and under- ground supplies now availal)le will meet present needs only through the eniplo3'nient of the best methods. As these orchards grow older more water will be needed and their growth and maintenance re<(iiire that waste and loss of water be stojiped as far as possi))le. Methods can not be j)erfected by the uiiaide(l individual irrigator. The (|ues- tiorw involved are so complex as to re(piire careful study b^- capable 70 RF.POltT OF OFFIi K OF KXPERTMF.NT STATIONS. anrl (^\]>(>ri(Mic(Hl men :iiiil ;i larLi'i' ("Xjx'iitlituic ol" (iiiic and monoy. It is not simply a iiiicstion of rmdiiiji" out suitaldc iiictliods, hut of work- iiit; out tlic lu'st detail and practice of tliose luclliods. It is one tliiii<4", foi" exanipl(\ to detonniiu» that llic clieck system of ini vai'ious methods, l>ut the comparative cost and eflicicMicy of ditl'erent ])att(M"ns and diU'erent mat(M"ials used in i)ipes, Humes, l>oxes, and other conti"i\ances which nuist be used in carrying; out tliese plans. Closely associated with efficiency in a|)plyin<( water is elliciency in cpei'atinfj ditches. We are learninj^ that certain soils are not suited to the carr3'ing of water in earthen channels. The crossing of uidined canals over gravel ])eds or soils impregnated with gypsum is too waste- ful of water, and is also too great a menace to the fertilit}' of the lands affected 1)}' the escaping water, to be continued. The construction of irrigation ctmals will therefore soon have to h{\ supplemented by other improvcMuents in iri'igation; either the lands ])elow canals which leak will have to be drained or such canals will have to be lined to prevent excessive leakage. We are aiding comnumities in overcoming the injuries already wrought and in taking steps to prevent them in the future, by measuring the water which escapes bj^ seepage, determining the i)laces of excessive loss, and kc^eping records of the rise of water in the soil. Sup])lied with these facts, irrigators will be aide to deter- mine the location and sizes of drains m^eded to prevent the swamping of large areas. So urgent is the demand for the information gathered this year that we are issuing circulars giving the report of the past season's measurements in advance of the regular reports. The conditions in the Yakima Valley, Washington, serve to illus- trate the possible ))cnetits to come from the perfection of S3' stems of distri))ution. The report of Professor Waller, who has charge of our investigations in that State, shows that if a duty of 110 acres for each cubic foot of water per second can be secured the water of the Yakima Kiver w^ill serve to irrigate 800,000 acres of land, but if the low duty now prevailing under a num})cr of canals is continued, not one-third of that area can ))e irrigated. Cooperative arrangements for the conduct of these investigations have been made with the State engineers' offices and the State experi- ment stations in the following arid States and Territories: California, Oregon, Washington. Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and NeW' Mexico; and in the following somiarid States: South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas. IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. tl The liivofost oxponditurc in any State is being made in California, the work \w\ujt curried on under the direction of Prof. S. Fortier, until recently the director of the State experiment station of Montana. Associated with Professor Fortier in this work are Prof. J. N. LeConte, A. 1*. Stover, and J. F. Roadhouse, of the University of California. The field investio-ations in pumpinjr are under the direction of A. J. Turner. In ()re<,'-on the held investigations are being carried on hy Prof. »T. Withycombe, director of the Oregon Experiment Station. In Washington, Prof. (). L. Waller, irrigation engineer of the State Agricultui-ai College, at Pullman, has charge of the field work, and was assist(>d in 11M)3 by S. O. Jaynes. Professor Waller measured the water diverted from the Yakima River in order to determine the general duty obtained, the amount needed to satisfy the rights already acquired, and the amount available for future extension of irrigation along this stream. It is an important work and justifies a larger expenditure of funds than this Office has been able to provide. The lack of funds, however, was largely overcome by the energy and economy which distinguished the management of Professor "Waller and his assistant. The work in Idaho was under the direction of A. E. Wright, one of the assistants of this Office, who worked in cooperation with the State engineer's office in a stud}' of seepage losses in the valleys of the Raft and Lost rivers. In Montana the work was carried on under a cooperative agreement with the State experiment station, Prof. J. S. Baker of the station having personal charge. It included studies of the dut}'^ of water along a number of streams and the beginning of an investigation to dot(Minine the l)enefits of winter irrigation and the best means of utilizing small (juantities of water in some of the districts where agriculture can be successfully carried on most of the time by rainfall alone. In Utah the field work was carried on in cooperation with the State engineei'\s office bv E. R. Morgan. It included the installation of Humes and weirs for the measurement of water on Weber River, pre- paratory to a determination of the duty of water from that stream. A cooperative agreement has been entered into with the State experi- ment station for a study of the most economical methods of distributing and using water and for the inauguration of some experiments in drainage for the relief of overflowed lands and the removal of alkali. The irrigation investigations in \\'voming were canned on in part f)y the regular force of the Cheyenne oflice and in part through a coop- erative agreement with the State experiment station, Prof. B. P. Fleming of the station being in charge. 72 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT RTATI0N8. INVESTIGATIONS IN TMK SKMIAUID DISTUK'TS. HetwoiMi the ciistcin ]):ir( ot" Toxas. ( )kliili()iiiii. KjiM>as, Nclu'aska, and llic Dakotas, and the (lisliiictivclN arid coiinli'v wliicli lies at the western Ixudcr ol' tlicvsc States, tluM-c is a broad strip of coiiiiti-y wliicli extends from the northeni bouiidai-y of the I'liilfd States ahiiost to the Gull" of Mexico. In lliis Ixdt there-is plenty of rain in man}' seasons to pi-oduce crops, hut in others a<,''ri<'ulture without irrii«;ation is a failuiv. In all years the period in which irri«,nition is necessary is of hrief duration oidy. In these sections fai'niers ai'e confronted l)y two problems: How to make the limited water su})ply of that rej^ion available, and how to utilize it to the best advanta«rc. Owin^ to the absence of large rivers and the intermittent character of the streams, farmers must depend upon two sources for their water supply^ — on what they can pump out of the subsoil of their farms and what they can store in small reservoirs. In this reoion there have been recur- ring periods of wet and dry years, wdiich have peopled and depopulated certain sections three or four times. Rainy 3'ears attract farmers and dry years drive them away. A special system of agriculture nuist l)e worked out for this part of the country, in which the total holdings of land will l)e comparativcl}' large, but where each settler will be forti- fied ])y having from lO to 2(1 acres of ground which he can irrigate and which will assure him every year, whi^ther it ))e a wet or a diy one, an ample supply of vegetables from his garden, a few fruit trees, and enough alfalfa and forage to support his milch cows and other live stock. This Office has received numerous petitions from individuals and associations of farmers to take up the stud}- of irrigation nietliods suited to this region and to outline plans for agricultural development based thereon. We made a beginning b}^ cooperating this year with the station established 1)}^ the State of Kansas at Ha3\s. This work was under the personal direction of J. G. Hane}", a member of the station staff of the Kansas Experiment Station. It included the instal- lation of a pumping plant, the measurement of water used in irrigation, and a record of the cost and of the increased yields of crops. In South Dakota the investigations were cai'ried on by A. B. Crane, professor of civil engineering in the State Agricultural College, and included a stud}- of irrigation from artesian wells in the James River Valley. The investigations in Nebraska arc carried on under a cooperative agreement with the State experiment station and are luider the per- sonal direction of Prof. O. V. P. Stout. The}' included studies of the duty of water under a canal system near Culbertson, which lies on the border line between the humid and scmiarid States, and will help to determine the amount of water required and the best methods of its IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. 73 utilization under the peculiar cliniatic conditions of this part of the country. Professor Stout also assisted in the interstate water-ritrht studies carried on on the Platte liiver. INVESTIGATIONS IN THE HUMID REGION. In the humid region we arc cooperatinjr with the State experiment stations of Wisconsin, Missouri, and New Jersey in the study of the advantaj»es of irriji^ation and the best means of apply ine studied. A small reservoir has })een constructed and measurements of seepage and evaporation have ali-eady been l)egun. The success of the cranberry industry depends upon the proper use and control of water. It must be applied at the right time and withdrawn (juickly at the right time. Until the last few years there was no attempt made in growing cran- berries in AVisconsin to exm'cise control over the water. If nature failed to cover the vines at the right time or uncovered them at the wrong time the crop would sutt'er. The seven; drought of 1895 almost destroyed the industry in that State. With the revival of this industry have come better methods. Dams arc l)einir ])uilt to collect the surface water. Canals are being constructed to carry water pum[)ed from the streams. The development of the industry and the extension of the area under cultivation have l)rought new ditHculties. Moif water is needed, re<(uiiing larger ditches. Greater uniformity in the matt<'r of drawing oti" water is imperative to prevent the opera- tions of one neighl)or damaging those ])elow him. Much litigation has been caused In a lack of arrangenuMits for cooperation and by the consti'uction of inadecjuate woi'ks. This calls for more knowledge as to th(! i)iinciples which should govern in this work, which this Otlice is endea\oring to collect and i)rovide. In order to make this eti'ective expert din'ction is needed. Thi-ough tlu' lack of this, many costly failures have occurred. The work undertaken is being prosecuted along the following lines: 74 REPORT OK oFFrCE OF EXPERIMENT RTATIONS. (1) 'I'lic collection of lfare of several States. The distribution of these rivers among individuals, connuunities, and States is as complex a problem in trans- portation as the operation of a railroad or an express system and requires the same kind of systematic organization. The studies here- tofore undertaken were planned to collect and present to the people concerned the facts relating to the operation of existing institutions in concrete form. The only new work inaugurated this 3^ear was in compliance with a provision in the last appropriation bill which requires us to study the laws affecting irrigation and the rights of riparian proprietors. The laws for appropriating water by irrigators and those recognizing lh(> rights of riparian proprietors come directly in conflict on the streams flowing east from the Rocky Mountains. They rise in States where the riparian doctrine is abrogated and flow into States where it is recognized. After consulting the governors and attorney generals of Kansas, Nel)raska, Wyoming, and Colorado, and the State engineers of Nebraska, Wj'omi ng, and Colorado, all of whom welcomed this in(|uiry under the plans pi-oposed, it was concluded to take up a stud}'^ of the Platte River and gather the facts showing the numl)er of ditches taking water out of the stream, the amount of the rights under the laws of ap])r()priation, the use being made of the water, the value of the products, the amount of seepage that comes back from the diver- 70 KKP(»UT OF OFFICE OK EXPERIMENT STATIONS. sioiis, ;uiil tlic iiniiiiici' in wliicli this divcrsioM of tlir sticiiiiis has iiitci-t'crrd w itli natiiiiil coiulit i()ii> as (lu>v existed hcforc di\('rsions hciiaii. Iliis woik lias hccii caiTiod on. since the, n'sii^iiatioii of C. T. rlolmston. iindii' ilir direction of ('. K. Tail, assisted l»y Frank Adams, W. B. Diintoii. W. F. Hartlctt. Professor Stout of (he Fniversity of Nebraska, and Professor FlcMiinii- of the Univ'crsitv of \\'vominjr. I'rof. Hichai'd T. Fly. of the rniversity of Wisconsin, has been eneao-od as a special expert to study the social and economic (juestions in\()lved. The collection of these data has been a laborious undertakine- aiid one season is not sullicile phosphoric acid in (he raw materials used in making connnercial fertilizers, and in the making of sirup from sugai' cane. The veterinarian is making a test of inoculation as a i)rotection against 77 78 KKPoirr «>i' okfkk ok i<:xi'1';kimknt stations. splciii't ic rcNci' ill calllc, uikI of (lie loxic cllVcts of cotton-scod iiical oil lio«;s. 'riic ItotMiiist, :imoM<,' otlicr tliin<^s, is invest i^'-iitiii State lej^-islature horti- cultural inspection has heen provided for and placed in charge of the horticulturist. Arrangements have recently l)een made by which the department of aj^riculturc of the station is to have increased funds from the fertilize!' inspection, and it is hoped that the State will also provide for the holding of farmers' institutes without expense to the college and station. These changes will greatly relieve the station and place itinapositionformorecffective investigations, andyetmuch larger funds could be profitabh' utilized in the investigation of numerous prob- lems in the restoration of agricultural areas through the introduction of animal hus])andrv, the more extensive use of legumes, of improved vai'ietics of staple crops, and of modern methods of farm management. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Alabama Station dur- ing the past 3ear were as follows: Botany — grasses, native trees, vari- eties of castor-oil beans, and of cotton; soils — renovation with manures and leguminous plants, inoculation experiments; analyses of fertilizers and food materials; field and pot experiments — f(U"tilizers, barn3'ard manures, cereals, cotton, forage crops; horticulture — varieties of strawberries and other fruits and asparagus, irrigation of garden veg- etables; plant ])reeding— cotton, cowpeas; diseases of i)lants; feeding and pasturing experiments with beef and dairy animals and hogs; dis- eases of animals; dairying — milk, butter, and cheese production. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: LlnikMl States^ ai)i)r(.priation $15, 000. 00 Fees for the analy-sis of fiTtilizorn 8, 137. 06 Farm products 566. 85 Miscellaneous 377. 69 • Total 24, 081. 60 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. ALABAMA. 79 I'UJiLlCATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 121-124 and the Annual Report for 1902. The Inille- tins include the following subjects: Dairy herd record and creamery notes; gnizingand feeding experiments with pigs; vetch, cowpoa, and sov-bean hav as substitutes for wheat ])ran; and the horticultural law — notes on some of the insects and fungus diseases affecting horticultural crops. Canebrake Agricultural Experiment Station, Uniontown. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Control: R. K. Poole {Commissioner of Agriculture, ex officio), Monigom- erij; J. Ilnggins, Newhern; A. Sledge, Whitsett; G. D. Stollenwerck, Uniontown; W. M. ^lunford, Uniontown; J. B. Garber, Laneville. STATION STAFF. J. M. Richeson, M. S., Director; Secretary. William Munford, Treasurer, J. F. Connor, V. M. T)., Veterinarian. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The work of the Canebrake Station has been devoted as heretofore to field experiments with legumes, fertilizers, and barnyard manure as means of improving the depleted soils of the prairie region. Cow- peas, melilotus, velvet beans, vetches, and clover have been grown as soil correctives and nitrogen gatherers, and some attention has been given to drainage, methods of cultivation, and experiments with up- land rice, fiax, and fruits. LINES OF WORK. Th(! principal lines of work conducted at the Canebrake Station during the past year were as follows : Soil improvement, field experi- ments, horticulture, floriculture, diseases of plants, and diseases of animals. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows : State appropriation $2, 493. 76 Farm products 383. 75 Totsd 2, S77. 51 No publications have })een received from this station during the past A'csir. Tuskeg-ee Agricultural Experiment Station, Thi.fkegce. Department of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Regents: R. R. Poole, Moiifgoinerij; George W. Cami»l)ell, Tuskegee; C'ha.-^. W. Hare, Tuskegie; Lewis Adams, I'uskcgcc; Booker T. Washiugtun, Tuskegee; Warreu Logan, Tuskegee. bO KKI'<»K1' OK OKKK'K oK KX I'KKI M KNT STATIONS. STATION STAIT. (i. W. ('jirvcr, I 'irriiiir. (I. W. <)\\ciis, l>itiri/iiiij. R. M. WtwvW, SiipcrinlnKhnt of Fiiinihi. A. WilliHtoii, Ijaiulscdjii' (inrdrniiHj. G. l\. I?ri(lgrfi>rtli, Slurf: Jinisiiiij. C. .1. Calloway, Bureau of Nature iSliuly. .1. I'>. r.rowii, Triirl: Hardening. (JKNKKAL OUTLOOK. Tlu* Tuskciji'cc Station lias (.•oiitiiiucd its (lonioiisti'atioii (^xpcriiMciils with various .soil renovators, with the o])j('ct of showing what can be done hy tlic poor farmer of Alal)ania in huihlino- up ii worn-out soil with litthi cash outlav. This has seemed desira})le, l>ecause the ma- jority of the neg^ro farmers in the vicinitv of Tuskegec are men of small means and are under the necessity of earning a living while bringing their land up to a condition of productiveness. Emphasis has been laid upon intensive methods of cultivation, and under these methods the station has sliown results tliis year giving a net gain of nearly $100 per acre. A series of experiments on fodder plants has just been brought to a close, and the results are being tabulated for publication. The station has cooperated with a number of farmers throughout the State in growing cotton, corn, cassava, and other for- age and food plants. Cooperative work has also been carried on Avith other stations and with this Department, The extension work of the station, consisting largely of the distribution of leaflets among farmers, has been continued. Children's gardens have also been conducted in connection Avith tlie agricultural department of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. The station* is slowh^ acquiring a good ecjuip- ment of farm implements and is in a better condition than formerly for conducting investigations. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at tlie Tuskegee Station during the past year were as follows: Field experiments, horticulture, diseases of plants, animal industry', and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station dui'ing the past fiscal 3'ear was as follows: State appropriation $1, 500 PUBLICATIONS. No pu})lications have been issued, it having been found that the station could exert its influence most effectually through conferences of farmers. ALASKA. 81 Alaska Agricultural Experiment Stations, Silla, Knmi, and Copper Center. Under tliu sui>ervision ui A. C. Truf, Directur, Ollicct)!" Kxperinie'iit Statioua, United States Department of Agriculture. STATION' STAFF. C. C. Georgeson, ^I. 8., Spccud Ayail in U. ^^'. I)e Arinond, J.ssvWaji/ r/< jSV/ivj. Cluirtje, Sitka. 11. 1*. Nielsen," AaaiHlaid al Kenai. F. E. llader, Am^tant at iiUka. J. W. Neal, Assistant at Cupper Center. GENEllAL, OUTLOOK. DuriniT the tiscul year endcdJunc 30, l'J()3, experiment .stations were maintained at Sitka, Kenai, and Kampart. A new station was estal)- lished at Copper Center, and cooperative investioations were carried on in a number of localities. The expcu-imental work for the greater part included the growing of cereals and vegetables; methods of reclaiming, draining, and fertilizing land, and the curing and ensiling of crops. The distribution of seeds of hardy varieties of vegetal)les, cereals, and grasses has been continued and extended, seed having been distributed to more than 1,000 addresses during the year. The efforts that have been put forth in this direction have already produced many beneficial results, as is shown by the increasing nund^er of gar- dens and other plats of ground which are brought under cultivation. An address list of about 1,500 names has been prepared, to which the publications of the station and other information are sent from time to time. The sui)ervision of voluntar}- observers of the Weather Bureau in Alaska has been continued as in former years. There are now twenty meteorological stations supplied with instruments by thd" Weather Bureau which report to the experiment station at Sitka. Tlie new station, which has been opened in Copper Center in the valley of the Copper River, cm})races a tract of about 775 acres, which has been temporarily withdrawn f lom entry b}- the Secretary of the Interior and fict aside for the use of the station. During the past summer the special agent in charge of the Alaska stations visited this station and reports that about ten acres of land had been cleared, plowed, and seeded to spring crops, w^hich consist chiefly of varieties of oats, l)arley, spring wheat, ennner, ])uckwheat, and grasses, and in spite of a backward spring, with the exception of the wheat, some of the varieties of all the cereals matured. Peas, radishes, and lettuca were being supplied on the table at this time and other hardy vege- tables promised well. At the Kenai Station there arc now about 15 acres under cultivation, and it is planned to cleai- lo acres more. All hardy vegetables did « ResigneK oFbMCK (>K KX I'KUI M KNT STATIONS. well, iiiul liuckw lirat, oats, and Itailcy iiiatuic*!. A lo;^ roidciicc lor the supiTiiitctKlcnl and a stock harii liaxc Id-en (IccIimJ. llic foniicr Containin<^ also slorcrooni lor ^^I'ains, seeds, etc. A l»c<4"innin<^' lias l)(>eii niJide here in animal industry, ;i cow and a call' lia\ int( Ikh-ii added to the live-stock ((luipiiient. I)iiriii ill |t:iliiis and lliis ymv a small woi-k is att ract iiie- iiiiicli atleiitioii. I»iil would )»e planters can not >eciir tiecn interrupted hy tlie resij^nation (d' the animal iiusl»an(hnaii. who has <,''one to Nevada. lie has heen succeeded b}' T. F. McCoinadl, ji.. formerly of Wisconsin, wiio has taken up .some work on the im[)ro\('ment and care of milk, the fcu'din*^ of daii'v cows mainly with alfalfa used as a soilinji' crop, and the feeding of stcMM's for l)e(d'. An exi)eriment has also been made on the eH'ect of bai"lev added to alfalfa on the ((uality of pork. Some successful experiments with melons have l)een conducted at IMio'iwx. (PI, I, ti«!^. 2.) About TOO yoiuig Encabjptas rudis arc ))einjj^ j)ropaeated and will be distributed next spring. This has been found to he the best variet}' for Arizona conditions, ])cing frost and drought resisting and hone}' producing. A study of the Colorado Kivcr water in cooperation witli the U. S, Geological Survey has V>ecn continued. The station is making verj' satisfactory progres.s considering the conditions under which it is working. It was given an appropriatif)n of $11,000 ])y the Territorial legislature last wintei" to be expended particularly in extending the date-pahn experiments and improving the station farm, and for the dissemination of results of .station work by means of puljlications, farmer.s' institutes, and short cour.ses of instruction. Institute work, including the giving of short courses of instruction, was undertaken at Thatcher, in the I'pper Gila region, and was cordially received. This evidence of good Avill on the part of the people of the Territor}^ is verj' encouraging. The desert la})ora- tory established near Tucson under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution is expected to be of material assistance to the station in the studying of native forage plants on the ranges under the control of the station. The work of the Ai'izona Station is now .so well organ- ized that it could protitably utilize larger funds in the more extensive study of the problems of irrigation, range improvement, and aninial husbandry, and might in this way more eli'ectually aid the agricultural development of the Territory. LINES OF WORK. I The principal lines of work conducted at the Arizona .Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of irrigation waters and their effects upon irrigated soils; botany; field experiments — cereals, forage crops; irrigation investigations; improvement of ranges; horticulture — date-palm growing, melons, vegetables, fruits, etc.; and feeding experiments — beef and dairy cattle, sheep, and hogs. Senate Doc. No. 148. Plate I. — -3\ iTa?*. , '*' Fig. 1.— Arizona Station— Deglet Noor Date Palm Three Years After Planti\g AT Tempe. Fig. 2.— Arizona Station— Melon Experiments at Phoenix. Animal Husbandry Part of Farm in Background. ARKANSAS. 85 INCOME. The iiicoine of the slution (hu-hi«^- the past liscul year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, OUO. 00 State appropriation 741. 89 Fann products 1, 694. 21 Miscellaneous '. o.'}. 06 Total 17, 489. 16 A report of the receipts and expenditures foi- the United States fund has been rendered in accordanec with the schedules prescribed b}' this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pul)lications of this station received durinj^ the past fiscal 3'ear W(M-e BuUetins 4-H-45 on utilizinuf our water supply, the river-irritrating waters of Arizona, and timely hints to farmers; indexes to Bulletins 1-32 and Annual Reports for 18'.H)-18'.>'J; and the Annual Report for ll»<>:^. The Animal Report, in addition to matter of an administrative character, contains articles on strawberries, eucalypts, the melon plant louse, and the "manteca" disease, forage crops, dehorning fattening steers, and the dair}' herd. ARKANSAS. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. Department of the University of Arkansas. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Control — Aijrrionltural Coniniittce: CJ. T. Brecken ridge, Paragouhl; J. C. South, Miniiilina lloiin ; (". ('. Ihiinby, I'rcscoll; H. S. Hartzog (iV('(l on alfalfa and \hki- mils w itli some "•rain (o liai'dcii the meat. Cotton-sctMl meal sct'iiis to he suite*! (otlio latt(M' ])ui'[)()S(\ and it iia-- liccii found that, wluMi feci [o pigs at a daily rate of (>.i?r) per (('ul of the lixc wciojit of tho pij>;', it accomplishes this result without injury to the animal. An interesting gOMoral result of the ex})eriiU(Mds on tlu^ ])()isonous etl'ects of cotton- seed meal is tliat "the hai-mful ell'ects of ov(>rfeedinu- with cotton-seed m(>al ai'e maidfest(>d in all si)ecies of animals so far tested. Hogs exinhit no great excess of susceptihility ()\er cattle when fe(l iu doses proportionate to their weight." Experiments on otiier important features of this subject ai'c being contiiuied. The effect of "liog- ranching" according to the above system, as well as the residual effect of leguminous plants on the fertility of the soil, are being studied. This woik has for its object the solution of the important question of increasing and conserving the fertility of the soil by simple farm methods. The cowpea has ])een found to be one of the most valuable crops for this purpose, and the station has in progress (piite extensive experiments in the improvement of this plant. Digestion experiments with a number of animal fats and vegetable oils have given results which indicate that the vegetable oils ai-e more completel}- digested than animal fats, that the digesti])ility of both fats and oils is increased by cooking, and that their digestibility decreases as their fluidity decreases. The station is cooperating with this Department in testing a large number of imported varieties of apples. The substation at Newport has l)een discontinued and tho work in pork production there trans- ferred to Fayetteville, where it will be continued in connection wnth rotation and soil improvement experiments. An appropriation of $1,000 has been secured from the State for the inspection and control of contagious diseases of animals. Several minor improvements in station eciuipment have been made, including the erection of an inex- pensive e((uipment for poultry experiments, th(^ moving of the barns to a more suital)le location, and the planting of shrul)berv and flowers for the beautifieation of the grounds. At the close of the year the director resigned and was succeeded by W. G. Vincenheller, who was at one time pomologist and institute worker at the station. The station is in need of aid in the study of plant diseases and of additional funds for printing. C-oincident with the recent revision of the mailing list a ciivular was sent out asking those who cared to have their names continued on the list to fill out and return the blanks. Over 90 per cent of the 5,500 recipients of this circular responded promptly and sent in the names of enough others desiring the station pu])licatiojis to increase the mailing list to over 20,000 names. This is an indication of one way in which tlie station might with additional funds reach a larger number of its constituents. It might reach many CALIFORNIA. 87 more if some provision were made for holdint;' farmers' institutes in the State. The president of tli(> university with which the station is connected is starting the institute work, ]>ut can not accomplish nuich in this direction without additional State aid. It is hoped that such aid and also additional funds for the station will soon ])e provided. LINKS OF WORK. The prin(i[)al lines of work conducted at the Arkansas Station dur- in**- the past 3'ear were as follows: Chemistry of foods — lard and oils used in cooking", eft'ect of diti'erent feeds on the quality of the fat of hogs; held experiments — selection of wheat and oats, culture of corn in c()niT)i nation with cowpeas, soy beans, rape, peanuts, etc., for for- age; horticulture— apjiles, peaches, small fruits, and garden vegetables, investigation of insecticides; plant breeding — cowpea; diseases of plants; fiMiding experiments — feeding and pasturing swine on peanuts, chufas, cotton-seed meal, etc.; and diseases of animals — swine plague, swine pest, and investigation of methods for appl3'ing vaccine. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriati< )ii $15, 000. 00 Fai'iii in'iKlncts 914. 79 T. .tal 1 5, 914. 79 A report of the receipts and expenditunvs for the United States fund has l)een rendertMl in accordance with the schedules prescribed b}^ this Department, and has been approved. ITIJLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal 3"ear were Hulletins 72-75, including reports on experiments with sweet potatoes, pork production and hog ranching, alfalfa, and the phosphate rocks of Ai'kansas. CALIFORNIA. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, Purkeley. Dcparf iiiciit of llic rnivcrsity of California. (;OVERNIN(i HOAItl). The Rcj^onts of the University: (Jovcnior < i. C. Panlee {cx-officio Prrsident), Sacra- mnilii; Aldcn Amler.'jon, .i Monjan itl., SuiKini ('ilij; Artiinr . Ivcinstciii, ..'/7 Sinisiniif si., Son FrK K.\ I'l.KI M KN'l' STATIONS. Hiiililiiiii, Sun I'Vanritnii; (iiirrct W. McMiutih'V, Xirmln JUarl:, ,S7 Si.rtreuth an:, <)uliniiaii, J^4 Siillon si., S!i I'ncilir dir.. Sun Fninrisro. STATION SIA KK. !•:. \V. Ilil-anl. I'm. I>., 1.1.. D.. hirrrlor; II. M. Hall, IV[. S., AsslMinil llntnnJst. C/ninist. A. IL Ward, 1'.. S. A.. I». V. M., rK KX I'KKIMKNT STATIONS. ])r()l>l(Mns iii"isinn- ill . Chatfield, O'ypsnm; B. U. Dye, Rockyford; K. II. Grubl), Carhondalc; (Jovernor J. II. Peabody {ex officio), Denver; B. O. Aylesworth {ex officio), Fort Collins. COLOKADo. 91 STATION STAFF. L. (i. Carpenter," 'SI. S., Director; Irrii/a- F. M. Rolfs, B. S., AnitiMmit Iforllenllurlst. lion EiKjiiuir. A. M. llawlev, Scrrttdrij. C. P. (iilU'tte, M. S., J'Jittoiiio/oijial. A. J). Milli^'un, Clerk, Stenoi/rtij)her. \V. P. Ileaddcii, :vr. A., Tii. I)., Cliemis/. F. C. Alfcnl, B. 8., AmMoul C/,emi.'V oKI'K'K <»K KX I'KKI M KNT STATIONS, Tlic ( 'lit'N cmir \\ flls farm is also leased. Tlie slatioii iiiaiiitaiiis two Held agents, one in the Arkansas \ alley and one on the plains, who have heen (loin<( eoiisiderahle useful woi'k in a pi'aetieal way and in the di>seniination of information, the colleetion of data, etc. A reser- voir with an area of 50 acres and an inlet for eonductin<,'' storm water from an extensive watei'shed iiave been under constinu^tion durin()2. The bulletins include a soil study — IV, the (riound water; the feeding value of beet pulp; swine feedin<^ in Coloi-ado; lamb feedino- experiments; feedinj^ l)eet pid^) to laml)s; unirrij^ated lands of eastern Colorado; the tomato industry of the Arkansas ^'alley; treatment of stinking snuit in wheat; laying down peach trees, and onion growing in the Cache la Poudrc Valley. The Annual Report contains the usual matters of an admin- istrative nature and reports from the different departments. CO?^^:N^l-CTltUT. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, \ew Hnven. c;ovEKNiN(; n(».\Ki>. Stiitt' liuurd of Control: I KKI'i'K'l' nh" (HKICK <»1'' KXI'KKIMKNT STATIONS. U) l)r one tit' (lir ItMditii; liiics of stiicily xiciit ilic iii\ fsliHiilioii. Tlio woik of (lie station lOrcsttT is iiK rcnsint;' |)<)|)ul!ir intcfcst in llif iitil- i/atioii of waste lands for tiiiil)fi- LjrosNtli. Water conipanics arc roalizini,^ tlic value of tiiiilxi- Liiowtli as a in'oteetioii to watersheds both in eoiisei'N ill!'" tile lairil'all and in lessening' the diin<'ei' of iiifcc- tioii. I'lie station has planted xaluahle tiinlier on 100 acres of waste land in oicUm- to test expei'inieiitally diU'ei-ent ways of ])lantin<^ and (•arin«4' for the trees and to furnish an object lesson in forest manaj^c- luent. The ex[)erinients with tobacco jjfrown under shade have been continued, and it is the opinion of the station authorities that there is a future foi' the production of Suuiatra leaf in this country when experience in handlinothe leaf has been gained. At the present time nuuh of the crop is spoiled in the process of fermentinji-. The station is cooperating witli the Bureau of Soils of tliis Department in testing tobacco seed imported from Sumatra, w itli the Bureau of Plant Indus- try in tests of novelties introduced l»y the seed trade and studies of the alfalfa plant, and with the Bureau of Forestry in tree ])lanting experiments. The inspection work of this station is growing steadil}' in variety and amount and absorbs an increasing amount of its energy. The work now" includes the inspection of fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, orchard pests, and dairy apparatus. The State does not always pro- vide adecpiate means for all of this work, so that it becomes something of a financial burden. In addition to the more practical enterprises the station is doing a large amount of strictly scientific work of great value and its influence is being felt throughout the State. LINES OF AVOKK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Connecticut State Sta- tion during the past year w'ere as follows: Anal3\sis and inspection of fertilizers, foods, and feeding stuti's; inspection of Babcock test appa- ratus and nurseries; chemistry -^stud}^ of vegetable proteids; diseases of plants; horticulture — fertilization of orchards and study of the anatomy of fruits; forestr} ; field experiments — tobacco, grasses for turf making and pasture; and entomology. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States aj)proj)riati( m $7, 500. 00 Statu approjjriation '.....' 15, 500. 00 IiKlividuals 10, 340. 00 Fees '.',, 019. 64 Farm proilucts 61. 97 Miscellaneous 20. 29 Total 36, 441. 90 CONNECTICITT. 95 A loport of the receipts smd expeiiditiiivs for the United St;ites fund has l)(M'M i('ii(kM-ed in ucconhmee with the schedules prescribed l>v tliis Department, and has Ween ap})r<)\(Hl. 1*L I'.l.K AllONS. The publications of this station rec('i\ cd durin"^' the ])ast tiscal vcar were Part IV of the Annual Report for il»ol, containin^if articles on the examination of Babcock apparatus, fertilization of peach orchards, tobacco g'rowino", composition oi" feeding- stutl's, the nucleic acid of the wheat end)rvo, and the report of the forester; Bulletins 18'.t-14;3 on the apple-tree tent caterjnllar, the white fly or plant-house aleurodes, commercial feeding" stull's in the Connecticut market, spray calendar, and two connnon scale insects of the orchard; and Parts I and II of the Annual Report for li)U2 devoted, respectivel}', to fertilizers, and the second report of the State entomologist. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Slurrs. « DL'partint'iit ut the ConiiectieuL Agric'iilliual College. COVEKNINC UOAKD. Boanl of Trustees: Governor Abiraiu Chamhcrlaiii {rx-offido Pirsidenl), Hartford; Vj. II. Jenkins {I'X-ojficio Vke-Pri'mh'ut), Xlw Ilarcn; George A. Hopson {Seen tarn), Ead ]]'alliii(jfur(l; B. C. Patterson, Torrimjton; E. S. Henry, llockrille; (ieorge S. Palmer, Norwich; D. W. Patten, North Haven; C. A. Capen, WiUiinanlic; A. J. Pier- pont, Wuterbunj; L. J. Storrs, Spring Hill. STATION STAFF. L. A. Clinton, M. S., l>iredor; Aijricul- H. L. ijavrigui', B. Aon., Assistaniin Field t n risl. Experimenlx. A. G. Gulley, M. S., Jlortlcidturist. E. li. Bennett, B. S., Afyxixtaiit Horticid- W. O. Atwater, Ph. I)., Siipcrriifor Nidri- tnri.st. tion Ime.itiyations (Middletomi). \V. M. Esten, M. S., Lahonidir;/ Assistant H. W. Conn, Pii. D., Supernsor Daii-y {Middlctoivii). Bartrriolofjii {Middletomi). B. F. Koons, Pn. ])., CoiiKidting Ento- C L. Beach, B. >S., Daini Hu^handrnan. mohxjixt. W. A. Stocking, jr., B. S. A., Ai^sistaitt B. B. Turner, Pn. J)., Con.'mUiiig f'he)ui.st. Iiii('n put in better condi- tion financiallv and as regards facilities for work than it has ever been in the past. The State appropriation of !j>I,S(Kt for Food and dairy work has been divided e(|ually between the supervisor of nutrition "Telegraph ail iinuli nioic f\l(Misi\ c work in dairyin«»', osix'ciallv dairy hactt'riolotrv. This, in tad, is l)ciii<'- niasts, cover crops, nitrogen experiments; })()ultry experiments; dairying'. INCOME. Tlu> income of the station durin*if tiie j)ast fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation ^7, 5{X). 00 State appropriation 1 , 800. (X) Miseellaneons :W. 55 Total 5), :ins. 55 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has ])een approved. PUWJCATIONS. The publications of this station received duriui;' \\\v past fiscal year were Bulletin 24, on the histoiy of a tuberculous herd of cows, lUdletin 25, on the covered pail as a factor in sanitary milk production, and the Annual Report for llMll. The latter contains in addition to administrative reports the records of meteorological observations, and reports on the followino-: An experiment on soil improvement, ])ot experiments with nitroo-cnous fertilizei's, field exptMiments with fertilizers, the digestibility and availability of food mat(U'ials. DETjAAVARE. The Delaware Colleg-e Agricultural Experiment Station, Xiimrk. Department of Delaware College. GOVEKNING BOAKn. Board of Trustees — Committee on A of the features given especial prominence are studies in soil bacteriology S. Doc. 148, 58-2 7 *.»S HKI'olM' OK (il'I'KK « U' K X I'KKI M KNT STATIONS. ;iii(l cliciiiist r\ . (Inii \ liii-r >|)i-:iyiii<^' iiiid orcliMnl iiiiiiiiij^'cliifiit in the State, iiii*l llir ■'liiilx <>|' (■(i\cr crops lor oicliiirds in coopcratioii with llic Bmcan of Plant Indiistrv ol" tins 1 )('partiin'nt . The stution i> also coopcial iny dames A. F(»ord. fonneily of CoiMudl rniviTsity and station. A huildiiie-, foiincily occupied in part hy the collej^c foi- a l;\ niiia>iuni and other purposes, has now heen tui-ne(l oxer exclusively to the station. it has heen mo\'e(l and retitted and will add materially to the station e(iui))iueid. In tin; college with which the station is coiuM'cted an especial (dl'ort is h(Mii<^' made to develop a<,Ticult ural courses, and- just now considerahle attention is Ix'ino- <>i\('ii to short courses. The station council system has ])oen abandoned and the aduiinistrati\'e ]>olicv is practically the same as it was ]>(»for«; the louncil system was adopted. The colle<^c and station lia\e oidy a very limited area of land for purposes of instruction or investio-ation, and additional funds mi_54'ht profitably be used in the purchase and ecpupment of a farm. The station should also have additit)nal funds for tli<» purpose of developinj^- expei-iments in a^jfronomy and scicMititic investii»ations in other lin(\s of work. Manv of the dilHcultios which this station and the ccdle^e with which it is coimected have encoun- tei"e(l in the de\ (dopment of their work have been due to a hick of sufficient financial support from the State. IJNES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Delaware Station diirin*^ the past yeai- were as follows: Chemistry; bacteriology — studies of nitrifying ))acteria and nitrogen-assimilating bacteria; field experi- ments—cultural experiments with legumes and other forage and field crops, ))reeding experiments with cereals; horticulture — study of cover crops for orchards, ])runing of orcliards, varieties of fruits; diseases of plants — study of blights and othei- diseas(^s of cardalou[)es, canker of pears and ap[)les, asparagus rust and other fungus diseases of fruits and vegetal)les; feeding experiments; diseases of animals; entomol- ogy — studies of insects attacking fruit and shade trees; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States ai»i>rupriati(Jii $15, 000 FLORIDA. 99 A report of the receipts and exponfiituros for the rnitod States fund has been rendered in accordance w ith the schedides prescribed l»y this Department, and lias been apprcncd. PUBLICATIONS, The publications of this station received durin on sonu^ destructive catei'[)illars, sundry notes on plant diseases, the San Jose scale, and the codlin»j;- moth. FTJ)KII)A, Agricultural Experiment Station of Florida, Ls for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedides prescribed by this Department, and has l>ccn approxcd. rUBIJCATIONS. The pul)lications of this station i-cccived during the past fiscal year were HuUetins 61-(;0, including (lie following subjects: Two jH'ach scales, the Peen-to peach group, })acking citrus fruits, Texas cattle fever and salt-sick, the kunKjuats, and tlu^ Mandarin orange group. The bulletins on citrus fruits, kumcpiats, and the Mandarin orange group are to be followed b}' others, comprising a series on intpuries regarding citrus frints. GF.OR(;iA. Georgia Experiment Station, E.q^erimrnt.t Department of (Jeor^'ia State Colle>;e of Agricultiiir and Mechanic Arts. CiOVERNINfi I50AKD. Board of Directors: O. B. Stevens {J'resldnit), Atlanta; J. B. Park, jr. {Srnrtnry and Treamrcr), Greensboro; Walter B. Hill, Athens; II. C. Wliitc, Athni.t; (i. M. Ryal.«, Savannah; P. E. Boyd, Leari/; J. T. Ferguson, DeSotn; .]. H. .Mohlcy, Ifani- i/ton; A. J. Smith, Conycrs; N. B. Drevvry, Cirifin; Felix Curpiit, ( 'arenpriui/; .Inhii Deaa!r!i)nan. Chemist. Josephine M. Wryimn, Stenoi/raphrr, Ac- H. N. Starnes, P>. A., Biologist, Jlorlicul- cauntant. tnrist. D. A. Dnffecf, Fnrnnan i)i Ilnrtictdture. GENERAL OUTT.OOK. Few changes in tiic lines of work were made a( the CJeoi-gia Station during the past3'ear. The icsults of investigations carried on indicate that sid)soiling is not a justili:d)l(' practice on soils available to the station; that l)oth cotton and corn should l)c planted in sipiares allowing cultivation both ways, and that the most effective connncrcial fertili/cis on the upland .soilsof middle (Jeorgiji are (I) for corn. !<» partsof avail- able phosphoric acitl, '1 ])aits of potash, and 5 ])arts of nitrogen: {'!) forcotton, 10 parts of available pliosi)horicacid, ;} partsof potash, and "Telegraph, freiglit, and express address, eaches, uppU's, and cherries; tests of carhon hisulphid for weevils in ji'rain. and th»' hyhrid- i/.ationof citrus fruits have l)een undertaivcn. The culture of <^insen^, which was discontinued in lSl(,S, has been resumed. 'The extensive vineyard of luunei'ous \arieties is heint;- I'cphiced Ij}' a limited numhor of appi"ov<'d \arieties of o-ra])es trained on diti'erent systems. Cooperative experiments with cantaloupes hav<' been dis- continued, })ut expei'iments will Ix^ <-ontiiiued at the station. The station is cooperatin*^ with this Otlice in nutrition investi«,^ati<^ns, w ith the Bureau of Plant Indnstry in testint;' varieties of corn, and with the Division of Kntomoloyfv in studies of the San Jose scale and the A.si- atic ladyl)ird. The pul)licati<)n of press hulletins has been resumed and farmers' institutes are heino- developed under the auspices of the State Colleo-e of A<;riculture and Mechanic Arts at Athens, with the cooperation of station oflicials. The work of this station is conducted on too narrow a basis to fully meet the needs of the aj^-riculture of the State. Its most important work thus far has Ikch jn liejd and orchard experiments and these should be extended to dill'erent regions of the State. The investiga- tions in animal husbandr}' and dairying should be put on a more scientific ])asis. and also l)e conducted on a largei* scah^ as recjards their practical features. The resources of the station might well l)e increased to enable it to enlarge its work along the lines indicated above. LINKS OF WORK. The principal lin(»sof w'ork conducted at the Georgia Station during the past year were as follows: Fi(»ld experiments — cidture and fei"- tilizei' tests; horticulture — orchard and small fi'uits, celery, canta- loupes, forcing vegetiibles; pig feeding; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal 3^ear was as follows: ITniU'rl States appropriation $lii, OCX). 00 State apprupriatidii 784. 67 Farm i)ro(inct.« ' 1 , 739. 64 MiscellaiK'f hih 4, 289. 75 Total 21 , 814. 06 HAWAII. 103 A report of the receipts and cxponditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordanee witli the schedules provided by this Department, and has been approved. I'UBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received durint,^ the past fiscal year were HuUctins .")7-51» on cantaloupe culture iji Georgia, coi-n culture, and cotton culture; and the Annual Report of the station U)V {'M)'2. HAAVAIT. Ha"waii Agricultural Experiment Station, Ifonolu/n. Under the siiperviHion of A. ( '. Triu', Director, Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture. STATION STAFF. .laretl G. Smitli, Sprrial Af/ent in Charge; F.. C. Shorey, Chemist. in chitrge of Farmers' InxliUUes. F. E. Conter, Farm Foreman. D. L. Van Dine, EntomologiM. J. E. Higgins, Expert in Horticulture. PxENP^RAL OUTLOOK. Durino- the fiscal yeai- ended June 30, 1903, the work of the Hawaii Agricultural Kxperiinent Station was in continuation of the various lines of investigation described in the previous reports, with such special increase as occasion demanded. Additional portions of the station lands have been brought under cultivation and some experi- ments begun which will re(iuirc a luunber of years for completion. The permanent improvements, such as buildings, fences, ii-rigation plant, etc., have l)een extended as occasion re(iuired and funds per- mitted. A new building was erected for th(? use of the agricidturist and entomologist, and the irrigation plant extended by the addition of about 2, »»()() feet of pipe, thus enal)ling the more extended a[)plication of water for the lower portions of the station grounds. Nmnerous additions to tln^ library have l»ecn made by purchase and otherwise, and it is fast l)ecoming a valuable asset of the station. Provision has been made for an office and library Imilding. The experiments on taro rot and potato rot have been continued upon an enlarged scale. One of the diseases of the taro plant was held in check by ])roper attention to irrigation water and the ai)plica- tion of i)roper fertilizers. The results obtaincnl will have an important bearing on the production of this staple food ci'op. The so-called black rot of potatoes is in reality caused by two fungi. The true l)lack rot mav be combated by the use of Hoi'deuux mixture, but the other disease called •■(|ni(k I'ol "" is caused by a soil fungus which attacks plants through their roots andeM'ii causes whole fields to wilt and tuiMi black within a few days. Kxpeiiiuents have l)een undertaken this Ill I KKI'ORT (»1<' <»KKI('K <>K KXi'KUIMKNT STATIONS. year in wliicli the seed tuhcrs w method. Ktl'oits ai'e heint; made also to promote the ^rowin<^ of corn, w hich was formerly an impoitanl industry on the island of Maui. l)urinjx a numher of unfavorable seasons the coi"n has been l)adly all'ecled with an aphis and the crops were ])ractically failures. The station made arrani^cmenls wiiei-eliy h' acres of land were secured and planti'd toa numhei' (tf the Itest varieties of corn from the Middle \Vest and the New Kn^'land States. 'I'Ik' soil was worked deej) and mamired, fertilizers were a])pli( iven to forestry on this island, antl the ranchers are devotin^- more attention to the i^rowinj^ of forat^e crops and to I'ational methods of stock feedinj^ than formerly. The station desires to cooperate in these enter|)rises and is doine; so as far as its I'esources will pi^rmit. Thellawaiian Live Stock Breeders"' Association has l)ecome interested in the station and its work and was instrumental to a considerable degree in securin*^ the assistance given the station by the recent legislature. There is urgent need that the station take up investigations in atumal husbandry, })utit is una])le to do so w ith its present working staff, equipment, and funds. A collection is being made of the grasses and forage plants of the island, and the entomologist has engaged in a general warfare against injurious insects. The assistant agricultuiist has given his attention maiidy to fil)er ])lants and has pre])ared a bulletin on thi' sisal hemp in Hawaii, as well as a press bulletin on Manila hemi). Kxpei'iments with vaidlla and cacao have lM>en started and ])lantationsof these plants commenced. Some investigations have been inaugurated in growing cotton ajid tobacco and considerable success attained in growing Sumatra leaf under shade. Dirt'ei-eiit members of the station staff have from time to time visited the diti'erent islands for the purpose of investigating s[)ecitic pro))lems and of attending farmers' institutes which have l)een held in a number of localities and have l)eeii very successful. The legislature of Ifawaii at its recent session appropriated ^1oral<>ii(> <>( ilic Hawaiian SuLiai' IManters' Association. IDAHO. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Idaho, Mdaraii: 1 >i'|iiirtiiit'Ml nf tlic l'iii\cr>ity of icjahd. (i<)VEKNIN(i ItoAUI). l'.(>:inl of Ri'gi'iit.-^: Clias. I,. Iltitniaii {Pfpsldcnt), /:een con- tinued as formerly. Feedine- experiments to determine the (luality of meat and cost of production of crossbred as compared with pure-bred swine have been conchided, with results showing the Tamworth- Poland China cross to be superior to tin' pure-l)red Poland China. The botanist of th(> station has succeeded in combating the mildew of gooseberries and grapes by spraying, and also in successfully treating ai)ple scab and curly leaf in peaches, lie is continuing considerable work with dise;ises and insects alfecting fruits, and is also inaugurating some new work aioiiii' tiies(> lines, 'i'he chemist has resumed the studv of the gluten content of wheat to (h'termine the milling (|uality of cer- tain grades, and will take up the study of organic piiosphorus in \vli(>at, the composition of ripening fruits, alkali soils, and stock foods of the State. The entomologist is preparing a report on grasshopi)ei' and cricket. depredations in the State, and the horticulturist has inaugu- rated a line of expei'iments in testing the eti'ect of certain fertilizers in orchards in addition to the work already under wjiv- The tests of novelties introduced by the >^vi^i\ trade in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department have been continued, and tests of forage plants and imported cereals, including macaroni wheats, have been undertaken in coc^pei'ation with farmers in the eastern part of the State. I'he macaroni wheats ha\e alread}' made a good IDAHO. 107 .showiiii^' in the State, own in the liioli altitudes where short seasons prevail. The chemist severed his connection with the station June 80, 11>03, and was succeeded hy J. S. Burd of this Department. Considerahle l)rogi"ess has been made during" the year in separating the university and station work more clearly and in providing additional equipment for the stiition. A State appropriation of $5,000 has l)een made for farm imi)rovements, including $3,000 for the purchase of improved live stock. Tlie farm ])arn which was destroyed l)y wind has been rel)uilt, anil jjlans have 1»een made for equipping a bacteriological laboratory for statioi. work. "J'he station is attracting nuich more interest throughout the State than ever before and is making consid- erable progress in the organization of its work on a more permanent basis, largely as the result of the appointment of a director as a sepa- rate administrative officer. The State appropriation of $4,000 for farmers' institutes will relieve the station of any expenditures along this line, and the further appropriation for live stock and station improvements are encouraging as indicating the favor with which the work of the station is n^ceived throughout the State. ft LINES OF WORK. The i)rincipal lines of work conducted at the Idaho Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — experiments with sugar beets, studies of wheats and wheat soils, miscellaneous analytical work; botan}' — studies of plant diseases and their remedies, experiments with grasses and forage crops; tield experiments — tests of various grasses and otlier forage crops for pasture and hay, experiments with cereals desirable for introduction; horticulture — cultuial and variety tests of garden crops, fruits, and forest trees, pruning experiments and experiments with tomatoes; entomology — study of the codling- moth in coopei'ation with (Mitomologists of other northwestern stations, observations on phylloxera, and experiments with insecticides; feed- ing experiments — cattle, sheep, and swine. iNroM?:. The income^ of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: Inited States a|)i)r()i>riati<)n $1;'), DOD. Ul» State api)r< )|niat ion 1 , 069. 82 Farm product'^ 1, 40H. HI T. .tal 17, 478. 4.3 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the I'nitiMl States fimd has l)een rendcM-ed in accor(lanc»> with the schedules prescribed by this Depaitment, and has been approved. 1()'car were Biiilctiiis :^2-;iS and tlio Annual Report for r.>(»2. The Imllotins include reports of investigations in feedinj:^ steers and lambs, analysis of stock foods, grasses, and cloxcrs and how to j^row them in Idalio, tomato (ultuic. the ('(xlliiio- moth, conditions of stoi'k poisoninjjf in Idaho. oi-!isses and foi-aj^e plants in Idaho, and meteoroh)<,'"icaI recoi'ds. ILLINOIS. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, Vrhiota. 1 »<|p;ittinitit .^. A., Assistant in Dairy 11. W. Mnniford, B. S., Chiif in Aiiiiiial JIiLshiDidry. IfiLsttaiidry. Fj. S. Good, B. S., A.^si.ftayit in Anitnal AV. .r. Eraser, M. S., Chief in Dairy Iftm- ITusIiandry. Ixindrif. C-arl E. Lee, P>. S., A.'t.'d.ttanf in Dairy Jfita- C. F. ilotles, i'n. 1)., Chirf In V,gel. 8., Assi.^tant in Chemistry. Farm Crops. W. F. Pate, B. 8., As,ir),00(), corn improvement and bleeding and horticultural in\ cstigations each $10,(K)(i. These liberal appropi'iations were secured largely through the aid of the agricultural associations of the State, the presidents of which form an advisory committee to act with the director of the sta- tion in determining the lines of work to be undertaken. The extension 110 KKIMUrr OK OKl'ICK <»K KX I'KKI M KNT STATIONS. of the work of llic station ov ci" such larLT*' arras and on siidi a larjfo scale lias iicccssitatcd llic creation of nine new positions on the station stair. 'I'Ik^ collciio of anrjcnltm'c. with more j^foiicrous Stato support than licrctofofc. is (Mial)l(Ml to contimu' and extend its coopei'ative enter])rises and lo inan»:urate some new lini's of work ainon^- school children in the rural districts by which these children are brought into sympa- thetic relation with the colletife and are given sonu> instruction which will enabl(> them to better understand the literature issued by the col- lege of agriculture and other similar institutions. A i)ortion of the S.')0,00(i api)r()priated by the last legislature will ))e used in the erection of farm l)uildings, which will be of dii-eet benefit to the stution. These additional funds have also enabled the colleoc to make a moic satis- factory coo])erative arrangement with this Oflice for the investigation of problems in human nutrition. LINKS OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Illinois Station during tile past year were as follows: Chemistry — studies of the chemical composition of corn; iMcteriology; pot and lield experiments — pot experiments with tyi)e soils from diii'erent parts of the State, studies on management of soils conducted on type soils in fifteen or sixteen diii'erent regions, inoculation experiments with alfalfa, exi)erimonts with sugar ))eets; horticulture — experiments in orchard management, renovation of orchards, cold-storage investigations, experiments with garden vegetables; forestry; plant l)reeding~cxperiments in breeding and selecting corn to change the protein, oil, and starch contents; animal husbandry — studies of dairy conditions in difi'erent parts of the State, study of methods of grading beef cattle in Chicago markets, experiments on cost of l)eof production and on methods of housing cattle, feeding experiments with pigs; diseases of plants — study of bitter rot and other rots of apples, apple scabs and cankers; diseases of animals; entomology; dairying, and extension work in orchai'd management; dairv methods and the use of soil inoculations. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 State appropriation 54, 000. 00 Fees 630. 00 Farm iiroducts 945. 02 Balance from previous year ^ . 3.'>] . 01 Total 70, 906. 63 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fuiid has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. INDIANA. Ill rUBLlOATIONS. Tlic ptildicrttions of this stiition receivpct duriiif^ tho pjist Hscal \ t'ur were Hullt'tiii> 73-S4, Circulurs 38-5tJ and i'd-r>'.K and tlic Animal Ro]><)rt for VM)-2. 'VUv ditfcrtMit snbjocts treated in the hidh'tins ai-eas fi)lU)\vs: Comparison of sihit>-o and shock corn for winterintjf calves intended for beef production; standard milk and (-ream; standardiza- tion of milk and cream; alfalfa on Illinois soils; hitter rot of apples; mai'ket classics and uM'ades of cattle with suiiartiuent of rurduc L'tiivursity. GOVEKNINn>strv <»f this DcjKirtiiiciit. liavc been coiiiplcU'd. The station is coopcratiiij^ ^vitll tlir liurcau of Plant Industry in tests of novelties introduced ])y the seed ti"a(h', and with the Hiireaii of Chemistry in the in\'estitration of the j^luteii eontent of wheat, sugar- beet investi«rations. and the inlhienee. of en\ iroiunent on the suijar content of nuisknieions. The new aiiiieultural huildin*,'" of the coHe'^e and station is now oe- eu])ied and fuinishes exeeMent <|uai"ters for the a<;i"ieultui"ist, horticul- turist, animal hushandman, dairyman, and veterinai'ian of the station. The station suti'ered considerable h)ss h}' the destruction of its cattle barn }>y lij^htning, July 10, 1903. The loss was about $4,800. A tem- porary structure has been erected with the understanding^ that next year a barn costing al)out $15,000 will be constructed. The university, with which the station is connected, is now receiving more liberal treatment l)y the State. The last legislature dou])led the tax lev}', so that the university now receives a I'evenue of $140,000 annually from this source. There is a disposition on tlic part of the university officers to strengthen the agricultural work, and the station is sharing somewhat in the forward movement. It is still greatlv in need of additional funds, which will make possible a general strength- ening of its research work. Considering the large and varied agricul- tural interests of Indiana, this station could profitably use a nmch larger fund in the extension of its present lines of work and in entering other important fields which it is now compelled to neglect, LINES OF AVORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Indiana Station during the past 3 ear were as follows: Chemistry — studies of sugar beets, the nitrogen-free extract of feeding stuft's, the improvement of muck soils of the State, fertilizer experiments with tomatoes, study of chemical composition of corn at different stages of growth, corn breeding; pot and field experiments — culture and fertilizer experiments with cereals and forage crops, rotations, pot experiments with legumes and cereals to test the efficiency of soil inoculation; horticulture — cross fertiliza- tion of apples, vai'iety tests of fruits and vegetal )les, surface and sub- irrigation for vegeta})les in hothouses, influence of climate on forest- tree seedlings; feeding experiments — comparison of tankage and other feeds for swine, feeding dairy cows; diseases of plants and animals — studies of diseases of cattle, sheep and pigs, treatment of oats and wheat for smut, study of edible fungi, and rusts of sedges; dairying — study of moisture content of butter and of methods of pasteurizing cream for butter making. IOWA. 113 INCOME. The income of the station durintr the past fiscal \'ear was as follows: United Stati-s appropriatiun $15, 000. 00 Farm products, incliidinj; balance from 1902 2, 315. 92 Improvement fund 1 , 484. 63 Total 18, 800. 55 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the .schedules prescribed by this Department, and luis been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received durino- the past fiscal year were Bulletins U?> and !>-t and the Annual Report for r.M»2. Bidletin 08 is on the influence of condimental stock food in fattening swine, and Bulletin 04 on di.sea.ses of sheep. IOWA. lo'wa Agricultural Experiment Station, Atnes. Department of Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. (iOVERNINc; BO.VKO. Board of Trustees: (Tovernor A. B. Cummins, Drs Moines; R. C. Barrett {Sitper- hitendent of Pnhlic Instruction), Des Mo'uiP!<; W. O. McElroy, AV»7oh; W. A. Helsell {Financial Secretari/), Odebolt; Herman Knapp {Treasurer), Ames; W. K. Board- man, Nevada; E. W Stanton {Sea-elary), Ames; ¥,. A. Alexander, Clarion; C. L. Galjrilson, Nen' Ifampton; J. B. Hungerford {Chairman), Carroll; W. R. Moninger, Murshalltovn; Jas. H. Wilson, Adair; 8. H. Watkins, Libert i/nlle; C. S. Barclay, West Li fieri y; W. B. Penick, Chariton; John F. Cavell {Custodian), Ames. STATION STAFF. C. F. Curtiss, !VF. S. A., Director; Agricid- K. Vj. Little, M. S. A., Assistant Horticul- turist; Dean. turist. J. B. Weems, B. S., I'n. D., Afjricultural P>. C. Myers, B. P. A., Assistant Agricul- Chemlst. tural Chemist. L. II. Pammel, B. Aok., M. S., I'm. D., C. Larson, B. S. A., Assistant in Dainjing. Botani.^t. W. H. Olin, M. K. A., Assistant in Farm H. P3. .Summers, B. S., Entomolo(ji.'. S. .\., Vice- Director; T. S. Hunt, Assistant Agronomist. Aniniid If>ist,andnian. Wayne Dinsmore, Assistant Animal Ifus- (i. L. McKay, Pairging. fiandman. V.(j. UoMan, M.H., B.Fev., Agronomist. W. J. Rutherford, 15. S. A., Assistant W. II. Stevensen, B. A., Soils. Animal Husbandman. F. W. Bouska, B. S. A., Dalr;/ Jiartcrlolo- S-2 8 114 RKPOUr OK <»KKI(K <>1" K.\ I'KKI.M KNT STATIUNS. OKNKKAl, oril.ooi;. The Iowa Stiitioii li;is contiimcil iiii|)()it:int iii\ est i<,^iit ions in animal hus])aii(lrv sii])j)l«Mni'nto(l hy coDjxiMliN c t'ccdint,'- cxiMMMiiicnts Mn a lar<,^(' scale on the Brookinont I'aiiii at Odoholt. l)inin<,' tlic j)ast winter iJ(»0 steers and oOU hoj^s were fed (PI. II. liiif. 'J). Tn these experiments the stock-food companies declined to eooi)erate, and the experiment was modified so as to test the relatix'e \alue of Sonthern cattle, as compared with native ran<,»'e and hii^h-hred catth; and the ellects of ditl'erent amounts of j^i'ain, dillei'ent kinds of roughage, etc. There were also corn-])reediniil>li(:it ions of this stMlioii rccciN cd (lining llir |)!ist lisc:il voar Avtir l)iillct ills f.l and (;5-«>S iiixl a spniyiiit^- calciKlar fiti- lltii;;. The siihjcrts (rcalftl in llic Imllclins were llic clKMiiical <()iiip<)sili()n ot" food pivsci'N ati\ ("s. the rcstiUs of fccdiiiij- cxiMM-inicnls with cattle and swine, miseellaiieoiis noles on I'linj^us disoases of plants, the, Cana(hi thisth' and dandelion, a few of the comnion fleshy fune-i of Ames, soiulions for' test inu- < ream, seleetine- and ])re])arinLr seed e<»i-ii. and u catalogue of fiiiils j^i-owinj,'' on the experimental grounds of the Iowa Kxp(>riment Station. K^KSAS. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Mdnhdltnn. I >c[i;irliii(nt er), Mntthrrtnr; < 'Iwiiilxt. C. L. Barnes, D. V. M., Asffuttantm Vi'ter- E. A. I^opeiioe, i\I. A., Entomolotjist. inani thjutrliiniil. TI. V. Ko]>erts, M. S., Botanist. K. H. Shaw, B. S., A.'arley, and a large variety of grasses and forage cr()])s were made. An orchard of 300 trees and a vineyard of 500 vines have made good growth. The l(»gislature appropriated a totjil of $32,500 for the su))port of this station during the bieimial period, including $1,000 for ii-i"igation investigations in cooperation with this Oflice. The experiments with cereals, grasses, and forage plants in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Dcpai'tmiMit nvi\ conducted at (he I'orl Hays Station and near llalst«'ad. in Har\ey Countv. lis IJKi'oirr <»K OKKICK OF KXl'KItlMKNT STATIONS. Till' Kiinsas Stution is doiiit;- cotisidcriihlc uscriil work, hut needs nunv ^eiHM'oiis suj)j)()r( in order to iiisikc its iii\esti station stall' could he oru-unized ])rimaiily with reference to the work of inv<'stit<^atin»>' agricultural prohlenis. LINES OF WORK. The ])rincipal lines of work conductiHl at the Kansas Station durinpf the past year were as follows: Soils — moisture (h'terminations, hacterio- loo'ical investigations; horticultui'e -interpollinatinj^" apples, selectinj^ aiul imprt)vint^- native fruits; plant hreedinj^ — to increase the protein content of corn; field experiments — ^rowin<( drouolit-rcsistant crops, variety tests of j^rasses; feedinj^ and digestion experiments — mainte- nance ration, experiments with wheat and wh<^at sti-aw, feeding calves; diseases of animals- infectious sore mouth of cattle, cattle distemper, blackleg, poisoning from weeds; entomology; dairying; and extermina- tion of ])i'airie dogs and gophers. INCOME. The income of the station dui'ing the. past liscal year was as follows: United Stiites ajjpropriatic )ii $15, 000. 00 State ai.i)n.i)nat ion "I^, 000. 00 Farm ptudncts 5, 511. 61 Balance on haii.l July 1, 1902 1, 74:^ 18 T. ital 25, 254. 79 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has ]>een rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pnldications of this station received during the past fiscal year were the Annual Report for 1002 and Bulletins 110-11(1 on grapes, f Kentucky. GOVEKNING BOARD. Board of Control: George 15. Kinkead {Chairman), Lexington; William C. Bell, Iliirroihlnn'fj; J. K. PattiTHoii, Lexington; M. A. ^co\q\\ {Secretary) , Lexington; D. F. Frazee, Lexington; Richard C. Stoll, Lexington. STATION STAFF. M. A. Rcovell, INI. f^., Director; Cliemii^t. D. W. May, M. R., Animal IIuRhnndman. A. M. Peter, i\I. S., Chenmt. J. D. Tnriior, B. Fed., SWirtori/ to />/- H. E. Curtis, M. S., Clinnint. rector. Harrison < ianiiau, Kntoinologit^t, Botani>^t. R. M. Allen, B. A., Secretary of Food J. N. IlariH'r, B. S., Agriculturist. Diiision. J. O. La Bach, M. S., Clinnis:t nf Food Mary L. Didlake, M. S., Assi.' now under way to cooperate with farmers feeding large numbers of cattle at the distilleries to determine the advisal)ility of feeding dried grains or slop. Some problems in horse breeding are under investigation, also the source and system of sup- plying water for stock and for irrigation. For two years White Biirley tobacco has l)een grown under canvas for the purpose of securing a finer (piality of cigarette wrapper, and during the ]>ast season a tobacco company has also taken up the work, gi-owing two- acre lots under shade in live diti'erent counties of the State. The station continues to cooperate with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in studying methods of establishing and maintain- ing permanent pastures, the influence of origin of red-clover seed on yield of crop, rotation of crops, farm management, and tests of novel- ties introduced by the seed trade, and with the Bureau of Chemistr}' on sugar-b(M>t investigations, investigations of the gluten content of wheat, and studies of availabh> plant food in soils and of the intliience of environment on the suuar content of nmskmelons. The station is ll?0 RKI'OKT OF oKKKK OF KXTKHIMKNT STATIONS. (loiiit; :i lar;^*' aiiioiiiil ol' iii.s|)f»(i(iii w oik. ami its stull it'iidcrs assist aiK-o to the Slate commissioiu'i- of a«,'"i'iciiltui(' in rarnin-s' institutes and to tho State hoaiil nt" healtli in elieiiiical and l»a(leriolo;;ical analyses. The iiis[)eetion woiU includes t'ertili/ers, foods, feeding; stuH's, and luirserv products. A dairy l>arn. costinn" !?S,r)()0, and some smaller huildinj^s have recently heen coinpletecj. The liaiii (IM. III. liti'. 1) coidains an ollice, vetei'inary fooin, hei'dsnian's looin. halhrooui, stalls for lU) milch cows (IM. III. lie-. 2), l>ox stalls foi' hulls and cal\'es,and the necessaiy stoi"a]jriHtioii $15, 000. 00 State appropriation, including balance from i)revious year. . 5, 712. 99 Fees, including balance from previou.s year ;i5, 177. 36 Farm jiroducts, incluoii Park, New Orleans. AV. C. Stubbs, Ph. D., Director. C. A. Browne, jr.. Ph. D., Chemist. R. E. Blouin, M. S., A,mstunt Director; G. D. Harris, M. S., M. A., Geologist. Chemi.'xperiment Station, Baton Rouge. W. C. Stubbs, M. A., Ph. D., Director. C. E. Coates, jr., Ph. D., Chemist. W. R. Dodson, K. A., B. S., Assistant H. Skolfield, Treasurer. Director. H. A. Morgan, B. S. A., Entomologist. W. H. Daliymplc, M. R. G. Y. S., Vet- F. H. Burnette, Horticulturist. erinarian. B. H. Atkinson, Farm Manager. North Louisiana Experiment Station, Calhoun. W. C. Stubbs, J\I. A., I'n. 1)., Director. E. J. Watson, Ihn-ticulturist. D. N. Barrow, B. S., Assistant Director. Travis McClendon, 7>rt/r(/Hio;(,/V/u//rj/ma;i. Simuii Raum, P>. S., Chemi.st. L. H. Peevy, Farm Manager. (JENKKAT. OUTLOOK. The work of the Louisiana stations folloW'S yery closely the lines heretofore pursued, special attention being giyen to beef production, using honuvgiown forage plants and the by-products of rice, cotton seed, and sugar cane. A very thorough study of the chemical com- position, digestibility, and feeding yalue of rice ])y-products is being made. The rotation experiments, tests of forage plants and other field crops, and the improyement of cotton, sugar cane, and potjitoes are being continuc^d. The tield experiments at Baton Rouge suf- 122 KKFOKT OK (H-'FICK OK KXI'KKIMKNT STATIONS. ferod ifi-catlv from (lr(tii<;lit tliis ycjir. At AiuliiWon I'iirk iiiiiiry was j)r('V(Mitt'(l (Hil\' li\ i iiit^iU ion. I'liis station and the one at C'allionn ai'o ('(|uij)|)(Ml I'or irriuation. In cxpciinicnts at Calhoun on li^lit, pi'rnu*al)l(' soil>. cxtcndinj,'' over tlircc years, tliorc has Ix'cn an average incroaso due to irri<,^ation '"of 11.5 tons of cane, li».!t bushels of corn, l.;)0!t pounds of stover, 8 tons of soijrlninu 2.(>S pounds of cotton. I.ST j)()iind^ of tol)acco. li' 1)ushcls of peas, and 4,208 pounds of waternudon. At tlie ordinary \alues of these crops there has been an averajj^e money jifain by irrigation of $81). 20 on cane, $().I>1 on corn, i>8 on sorghum, §S.5r) on cotton, Sj^K.H;") on tol^acco, $18 on jx'as, and $10 on water- mcdons. Then* has been an average ])rofit on all crops of $14, despite the fact that nearly sutiicient moist ui'(» fell in lixio for tli(> needs of the growing crops."' At Audubon J*ai'U, on the other hand, with heavier I'ainfall and more compact soils, the a\'ei-age for a series of years in favor of iiiigation has been small, and in many cases irriga- tion has been injurious. The veterinarian is continuing investigations on stomach worms, a nodular disease of the intestines of she(>p, and Texas fever, lie is testing a system In' which he hopes to be able to rear healthy lambs from dams ati'ected with stomach worms or the nodular disease. In all this work he has the etfective coopei-ation of the entomologist. The hitter, from a studj' of the life history and hal)its of the cattle tick, is working out a s^'stem of rotation of fields for tick-infested cattle, which promises an etfective means of ridding cattle of ticks and controlling the disease. He is also cooperating with the Division of Entomology of this Department in studying horseflies, the Mexican cotton-boll weevil, and mos(iuitoes. The stations are also cooperating with the Bureau of Soils in a soil survey. The geological survey, wdth a State ai)propria- tion of $5,000, has been continued. The director is preparing a State exhi])it for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, for which an appropria- tion of $100, (»()(» has been made. The new library, provi(U>d for by private bequest, and the dormitor}' and mechanical arts buildings, for which the State legislature made appropriations, are approaching com- pletion. The Louisiana stations continue to exert a strong influence for the improvement of agricultural practice in the State. The work of the veterinarian in imnnuiizing "cattle against T(»xas fever is doing much to encourage the introduction of improved beef and dairy animals. The opportunity for development along these lines is large, as the stations have shown that a))undant forage is easily produced, and the by-products of the cotton, rice, and sugar industries furnish a large amount of cheap concentrated feed. The work with forage plants has been very comprehensive and successful and has met with so much favor that there has been a large demand for bulletins on this subject. As in former years, considerable attention has been given by mem- LOUISIANA. 123 bers of the staff to work in fsiriners' institutes. There is need of additional funds to investigate probh'nis which the rapidlj'- growino- resources of the State are bringing up^ — pro})lenis in animal hus})andrv, in iirigation for rice and the utilization of rice products, in sugar protluction, and in cotton growing and the development of means for resisting the advances of the Mexican cotton-boll weevil. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Louisiana stations dur- ing the past year were as follows: SucAR Station. — Chemistry; bacteriology; soils and soil physics; tield experiments — tests of fodder plants and varieties of cane; horti- culture — tests of home-grown x\ northern-grown seeds; sugar making; drainage; irrigation. •to? •'••&• State Station. — Geolog}"; ])otany; ])acteriology; soils; inspection of fertilizers and Paris green; field experiments — forage crops, legumes, rotations, varieties of cotton and sugar cane; horticulture; animal husbandry — breeding and feeding for beef production; diseases of animals — inoculation for Texas fever, stud}' of the nodular disease of tiie intestines of sheep, anthrax, glanders, etc., and entomologT. NoKTiiKRX Station. — Chemistry; soils; fertilizers; field experi- ments; horticulture; feeding experiments; stock raising, and dairying. income. The income of the stations during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15,1X10. 00 State ai)propriation 20, OlX). 00 Fees 10, 000. 00 Farm pn »lucts 1, 8(59. .W Mit^tellaneuu.s, including balance from previous year 11, 218. K OKKICK oK KXI'KKIMENT 8TATIUN3. MAINK. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono. I >t']>ailiiuiit nl I iii\tTsily of .Muiiii'. (iOVKKMNC HOARD. Station Council: Georjjc K. Fellows {I'nsitlfnl), Onmo; Cha><. D. WckkIh {Secrelari/), OniiKj; .Toliii A. Roberts, XDrwdi/; Clias. I i. Jones, ('uriiiiKi; AIImtI.). Diirnin, Onmn; A. \V. (iiliiiaii, Fii.rcrofl; Kiit,'<'iie II. I.ihhy, Anhiirti; ('liaw. S. Pojie, .Sftinrhcstir; James M. Bartlett, Onnio; L. II. Merrill, Orono; V. L. RiisHell, Orono; \\. M. IMuii- son, OriDio; . A., Entomologist. J. .M. Uartlett, M. S., UiemiM. (J. A. Drew, Ph. P., Zoohxjist. L. II. Merrill, 1'.. S., i'ln-vuM. H. H. Hanson, B. S., .4.s.s/.s^(//< Chetnht. F. I.. Uu.-isell, I'.. S., V. S., Veterinarliui. S. (". Dinsmore, As.si.sliint i'Jifmixt. W . .M. Miiiisuii, I'll. I»., Jfurticu/lnrisl. M. B. CunimiufjH, B. S., J.s.v/«/a/(< Iforti- G. M. (iowfll, M. S., SlocI: Hrriillnij, cnltnrixt. I'oultni. Annie IVI. Snow, Slrtnn/rdphfr. GKNEKAI. OUTLOOK. The woik o( the Maino Stutioii duriiio- the past year has l)een largelj^ a continuation of investigations started in fornier years. The dij^es- tion investigations with hiiiil)ernien, in cooperation with this Office, have been continued, and the most reinarkabk' feature noted has been the verv hirtje dietaries of these men. Dioestion investie^ations with steers have inchided stu(li(»s n\H)n the eti'ect of ditferent amounts of protein of the same kind upon dij^^estibility, and the compar- ative dig'esti))ility of heavy and Yi^ht rations. An experiment is in procuress to show the effect of different cliemicals u])on the con servation of nitroo-en in lien manure; also experiments with different varieties of })otatoes with reference to their resistance to blight, and the handling of the crop from bliohted fields with the idea of discov- erino- a method that will check the rot. Methods of seeding grass and top-dressing experiments with grasses are in progress. Experiments with the Angora goat for clearing underbi-ush in woods have been continued. A num])er of box experiments with raw phosphates, in which turni])s were grown as a solvent crop preceding a crop of toma- toes, have been finished. AVhen a fair crop of turnips was turned under, nearl}' as good a growth of tomatoes was secured as when acid phosphates was used. 'I'he results of the analyses of cereal foods have been published, and there has t)een such a wide detnand for the results that a reprint of the bulletin has l)een necessary. One of the features of the poultry investigations of the past year was a study of the floor .space needed for different-sized flocks. The results have recently been pul>lished in bulletin 1»8. Besides the nutrition in\'estigations in cooperation with thisOflice, the station is cooperating with the Bureau MAINE. 125 of Plant Inclii.stiv in testinj^ vo(jot!i})lps and stndyinf,^ tlio intiuencc of orijifin of red-clovor seed on yield of crop, and witli the Bureau of Chemistry in studying the available plant food in soils. By action of the board of trustees of the univorsit}' the station otlicers liave ))een relieved of the management of the university farm and jjorticultural plantation. Meanwhile the station has the same use of this propertv for the pur})ose of investigation that it has had in the ])ast. Tiic station building has been eidarged so that its flooi- spac(> is nearly dou})led, and a new chemical la])()ratory, an entomological lal)oratoiy and office, and a mailing and reading room have been ]irovided in the neAV addition. A new poultry house is now being erected. The department of zoology has l)een discontinued, and the department of entomology reestablished. For the present a volunteer assistant will have charge of th(5 entomological work, but it is hoped to eidarge this work in the near future. It is believed that the changes made in the organization of the station and its improved facilities will make its work still more effective. A recent revision of the mailing list by asking persons desiring to keep their addresses on this list to return postal cards to the station has shown that the station has the support of a large farming constituencv. With its present resources it is wisely restricting its main work to a few lines. Larger funds could be protita])ly used in the extension of its work in dairying, ento- mology, and horticulture, and cooperative tield and orchard experi- ments in different parts of the State. LINES OK WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Maine Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — a stud}- of the effect of chenucals on the conservation of nitrogen in hen manure; of the manurial value of ashes, luucks, seaweeds, and of bone, and of sea- weed as a cattle feed, miscellaneous analytical work; botany; inspec tion of fertilizers, concentrated connnercial feeding stuffs, seeds, and creamery glassware; horticulture — experiments in the selection, ])rop- agation, and im[)r()vement of l)lueberries; study of hardy fruits and vegetables; diseases of plants fungus diseases of potatoes and other plants; fruit and nutrition of man and animals; ]ioultry investigations — breeding and feeding experiments; diseases of animals; entomology; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: Unit«^. oat smut and its pi'evention, the chinch hu^- in .Maine, and experiments in orchard culture. MAJ{VI.A]Srj). Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, ('ollrtjc I'urk. DcparUuent of .Murylaml Ajj:riciiltural Colk'ge. <;()VKKNIN. S., Director; Chemid. E. O. Garner, Superiutemlent of Farm, J. S. Roliinsoii, Jfortiriiltiirist. llecorder of Kxperinientn. S. S. Buckley, D. V. S., ]'eterinreed- ing u}) of a dairy herd and the growing of forage crops for dairy cows. Alfalfa has been produced quite extensively in the State and gives very satisfactorv results. The station is experimenting with various methods of seeding and inoculating the soil and has taken up work with alkali soils, which are said to l)e (piite prevalent in the State. The chief work of the veteri- narian has been in connection with an outbreak of tuberculosis in the herd. About 27 animals are now <{uarantined, this number including (piitt' a number of young cattle which have been secured in a series of l)reeding-up experiments with the ordinary cattle of the State. In the horticultural department the practice of growing green crops and composting them has proved very satisfactory as a means of keeping up the greenhouse soil. The entomologist and vegetable pathologist continue to carrv on incidental investigations in connection with the horticultural inspection work in the State. The station is cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this Department in making cereal investigations, variety tests of sweet potatoes, and studies of the influence of origin of red-clover seed on yield of crop; with the Bureau of Chemistry in investigating the gluten content of wheat and the influence of environment on the sugar content of musk- melons, and with the Bureau of Soils in a chemical stud}- of soils and in making a soil surve3\ There have ))een a numl)er of changes in the staff during the year, due to resignations to accept positions in this Department or in other stations. There is increasino- evidence that the work of the Marvlaiul Station is influencing the practice of the better farmers of the State, and the $5,000 appropi'iation given it by the last legislature was evidence of the ap})reciation in which it is held. It has considerable work in progress, which is being developed along a few safc^ and iin])ortant lines, and there is good opi)ortunity for undertaking important in- vestigations in several other lines. The horticultural interests of the State ai'c vei-y large, and some of the i)i'ol>lems affecting them are in need of investigation. This is especially truc^ of diseases and insect pests affecting horticultural crops and problems in truck growing, particularly the application of irrigation to the production of market- garden crops in the vicinity of large cities. At the ])resent time, however, the funds of the station are not suliicieut to enable it to undertake additional work. 128 KKlMiKT <»1" OFKICK OF KXI'KIUMKNT STATIONS. LINES OF WOIIK. TIm* j)rin('i])iil lines of woi-k coiuhictrd at the Miirvland Station during tilt' past yrai' wiTc as follows: C-hoinistry analytical work, stud}' of milk prt'scrvatix t's. t)akin^povvdrr.s, etc. ; soils; licddcxpcM'inionts — tests of varieties of gnisses, foraji^e crops, soil iciioxators, corn, potatoes, and wheat, cultural, t'crtilizcr, and inoculation cxperinuMits. In-ceding and s(dection of corn and wheat; hoi'tieulturt^ orchaid inanageincnt, variety tests, cover crops, cultural methods, hreeding and selection of strawberries and carnations, rotation of vegetables in the forcing house, systematic study of fiiiit areas in Maiyland; diseases of j)lants; feeding experiments; dairying; diseases of animals; entomology — inspection of orchards, study of life history of injurious insects. INCOMK. The income of the station during the past fiscal 3^ear was as follows: Unitvil Slates ai.i)n)i)riati«m $15, UUU. 00 State appropriation 5, 000, 00 Farm products 4, 257. 58 Balance from previous year 20. 40 Total 24, 277. 98 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were the Annual Report for 1902, and Bulletins 83-88 on thinning fruits, investigations as to the cause of pithiness in celery, feeding experiments with cows, influence of preservatives on the food value of milk, the periodical cicada and its occurrence in Maryland in l'.»()2, and economical methods for improving the keeping qualities of milk. IMASSACHUSKTTS. Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, Aiii]ierxt. Department of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Trustees — Committee on Experiment Department: James Draper (Chair- man), Worcester; J. Lewis Ellsworth, BoKtov; William "Wheeler, (_\>nrnrfl; Elijah "W. Wood, West Newton; William H. Bowker, Boston; Henry H. Goodell, Amherst. MASSACHUSETTS, 129 .STA'IION STAFF, H. H. Goodell, LT^. D., Pircctur. \V. K. Tfjttinghani, Assislanl ('hmiid W. P. Brooks, Pii. ])., A(jrici(llnrlst. (Foods and I'Vcdiiig). -G. E. Stone, Pir. D., BotaniM, Mi/<-olit Cliemwt {Fooda J. E. Ostrander, C. E., Meteor ohxjixt. and Feeding). F. R. Chureh, Asuiatunt AgriculturiM. II. T. Fernald, Pn. 1)., A^aoi-iate Entoinol- G. F. Freeman, Ass'stant Botanist, Myrvl- ogist. agist. (i. O. Greene, M. S., Assistant Jlorlirul- N. F. Monalian, Assistant Botanist. lurist. H. D. Ilaskins, B. S., Assistaid Clieniist Alljert Parsons, J>. S., Inspector (Foods (Fertilizers). and Feeding). J. E. Halligan, B. S., Assistasonal)ly satis- factory results, are not particularly to be recommended because animals object to the taste. Careful and continued observations failed to show that any of these materials imparted objectionable flavors or odors to the milk. Digestion tests have also been made with apple pomace, soy beans, hominy meal, and other concentrated feeds, and investigations have been started to determine the value of dried blood as a source of protein for milk production. Tn this depaitment, and also in the department of agronomy, considera])le attention is being given to alfalfa, soy l)eans, and cowpeas. Recent trials have shown that winter wheat and sand vetch sown together about September 1 produce a very desirable green feed for early spring. In the dei)art- ment of agriculture the tield and pot exi)eriments are l)eing continued as heretofore, and investigations are being nuide I'elative to tiie feeding S. Doe. 14S, 58-2 9 130 REroRT OV OVFiCK OK EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ot t'dw l> tor t'l^o-.s I, ,r t lie >j)t'ii;il piuposi' ol" dclt riinMiiiL:' llic inllufiicc of t'iit in tin- ration. Tlir c(rieity. The rcsiiHs of studies of tomato rots and the iniinin;^- of tomatoes are I'eady for pultlieation, and studies of the inlhieiu-e of soil texture on the orowth of roses and of the carnation stem rots hav(> heen undeitaken. The chaiijic of administration in the dc^partment of hoi'ticulture has resulted in the inau<:uration of sexend new lines of work, inchidinjj;" exj)eriments in pruning and j)ropa<4ation, and woik in systematic pomolo^ry. There are also variet}' tests, cover-crop experiments, cultuial experiments, and studies of apple soils. The station is cc^operating with the Bureau of Chemistrj' of this Department in studying the available plant food in soils. The Massachusetts Station has a consideral)le amount of work of a scientitic character in hand, and has recenth' streno-thened its stjitf by the appointuKMit of a nun)b(>r of assistants who liave no colleire duties. A simplitication has ))een made in the method of accounting- and a system of dill'ei'ent-colored vouchers adopted for dili'erent funds. The chemical department has better facilities for exact ash analysis, con- sisting of platinum apparatus for incinerations to secure more exact results regarding the composition of plants. The college has erected a new building, which includes a Avomen's dormitory and a dining hall for students. The State has given funds for (piitc an extensive col- lege and station exhibit in the educational building at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Massachusetts Platch Station during the past 3'ear were as follows: Chemistrj' — miscellaneous analvtical work, studies of legumes and plants affecting the quality of butter; meteorolog}' ; anal3^sis and inspection of fertilizers and concen- trated commercial feeding stuff's; inspection of creamery glassware and inus(>iies; field experiments — soil inoculation, plat experiments with fertilizers, grasses, and various farm crops, supplemented by similar pot experiments; horticulture — varieties of peaches, grapes, and other fruits, raspberry hy))rids, investigations with plums, study of the effect of electricitj^ and illuminating gas on plants and trees; diseases of plants, especially those of melons, cucumbers, and lettuce; diges- tion and feeding experiments; diseases of animals; entomology — stud}^ of the life history* of economic insects and the use of insecticides; and dairying. MICHIGAN. 131 INCOME. The income of the .station diirinj^the past fiscal 3'ear was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 State appropriation 11, 200. 00 Fees 4, 215. 25 Farm products 2, 298. 12 Miscellaneous 3, 291 . 04 Total 36, 004. 41 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund lias been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 83-87, Meteorological Bidletins 157-173, and the Animal Report for 1902. Bulletins 83, 84, and 85 contain reports of the inspec- tion of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; Bulletin 86 is on orchard treat- ment for the San Jose scale, and Bulletin 87 gives the results of seven years of pathological and ph3^siological studies of cucumbers under glass. IVnCHIGAN. Experiment Station of Michigan State Agricultural College, Agricultural College."' Department of Michigan State Agricultm^l College. GOVERNING BOARD. State Board of Agriculture: Chas. J. Monroe (Premdent), South Hnvim; T. F. Marston, Bay dhj; Chas. F. Moore, St. Clair; W. II. Wallace, Bay Port; (governor A. T. Bliss, lAinsing; Jonathan L. Snyder {Prcndeid of the College), Agricultural College; E. P. Allen, Ypsilanti; R. D. Graham, Grand Rapids; L, W. Watkins, Manchester; B. F. Davis {Treasurer), Lansing. STATION STAFF. C. D. Smith, M. S., Director; Agriculturist. M. L. Dean, Assistant HorticultHri.it. L. K. Taft, M. S., Horticulturist. B. O. Longyear, B. S., (hn.'^ulliiig Botanist. K. S. Shaw, B. S. A., Live Stock. Mrs. L. E. Landon, Librarian. K. H. Pettit, B. S. Agr., Entomologist. T. A. Farrand, in charge of Substation C. E. Marshall, Pii. D., Bacteriologist. {South Haren). F. W. Rohison, B. S., Chemist. L. M. (Jeisniar, in charge of Substation V. S. Kedzie, M. S., Associate Chemist. {Chatlunn). (t. A. Watennaii, M. D. C, Consulting A. R. Potts, Foreman. Veterinarian. Cassius Parsons, Clerk, Stenographer. « Freight and express address, Lansing. 132 KEIMJKT <)!■ OFFICE OF p:XI'EUIMENT STATIONS. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Tlic Micliinaii Stjilion has coiitiiiiicd to tins 193-2»t2 and Special Bulletin !♦'». The liulletins in the regular series include reports of the inspection work of the station, reports from the substations, and the records of investigations on the aeration of milk; a For substations. 184 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMP:NT STATIONS. cowpoas, soy hcuiis. mikI winlci- \(Mcli; some insects of llic yonr lltol, liK)s«|iii(o(>s iiiul other insects of tlie year I'.MCJ; notes on small I'riiits; suiiar-l)eet exp(>riMieiils ll>(»i!, and Miclii^an innslirooins. Tlie special bulletins include two spray calendars, technical repoits on iheacratioii ot" milk, and the invest iP KXJ'KKIMKNT STATJONS. *■ ' ' ' ' ' A ro]><)i( of ill.' rrc''i|)(s ;iiid dui-in^f tho 'past fiscal j'oar were BulW'tins Ti^.-Sl juid the Annual H(>port for 1902. The jaud crosses; human food investie-ations; fattenin'*;- lHnil)s, IKOii; fattcnino- steers, VM)'2: insects notably injurious in 19(l'2; experiments in sheep husl)andry; irni'stie-ations in milk production; alfalfa, its chemical (l(>velopment, feedinj^' value, and dig-esti))ility; the digesti- Itility of ho*^- millet; review of the woi'k of the Northeast Experiment Farm since its orcranization in May, 1S9(). MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. c Department of Mis.«issippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. COVERNING HOAKI). Board of Trustees: Governor A. H. Longino {President ex,offieio), Jackson; R. C. ¥>.mg {Scrrdarij), Agricultural College; Thaddeus Lamptou {Treusurei') , Jackson; F. I",. Hogan, Slarkrillc; T. L. Wainwright, Sloneirall; T. C. botkery, Lore StxPtion; J. T. Harrison, Columbus; W. C. George, Greenwood; W. H. Morgan, Slwjipardto^i'n; J. .1. Conian, Jackson; Henry L. AVhitfield, Jackson; A. T. Dent, Macon; J. B. Bailey, Conehatta; .T. C. Hardy {President of the College), Agricidlural fJoUege. • STATION STAFF. W.L.Hut*hinson, M.S., Z>ir-ech address, Starkville. Express and post-office address, Agricultural College. Freight address, A. and M. College Station. MISSISSIPPI. 137 foofliii>i' jiiid carino- for ])uro-l)rofl cows and in liandliiiL;" dairy ])r()ducts arc rcccivinji' attention. Kocent cxjx'rinuMits w itli a Hock of altoiit 45 sluH'i) indicate that tlicse animals arc well suited to the conditions existinj^- in the State and desirable in farm practice. Work has also been started with swine and with brood mares for raisino- nudes. The woi'k with soils has included analytical work, the improvement of pastures, and a soil survey in cooperation Avith the Bureau of Soils of this Department. The entomolog-ist has published results of his work with chicken mites and the Colorado l)eetle, and is giving con- siderable attention to the harlequin cabbage bug, San Jose scale, l)ean leaf beetle, and the cotton ])()11 weevil. These investigations are in cooperation with the Division of Entomology of this Department. The investigations with fertilizers have been conducted mainh' at the McNeill Substation, although some work of this kind has l>een done in connection with the horticultural work at the station, and some in cooperation with farmers. The McNeill Su))station is located in the longleaf pine region of southern Mississippi, where the soils are unproductive without the use of fertilizers of some sort. The results obtained with fertilizers under several different crops last 3'ear indicated a need for superphosphates and nitrogenous fertilizers, Ixit not for potash. Green manuring tests, pasturing experiments, and rotation experiments are also being made at the substation. The Mississippi Station has a considerable amount of \aluable work in progress in all of its departments. A new science building for the college will give the stiition better querters for its departments of agriculture, horticulture, and entomology. During the \'ear there has been considerable progress in making a clearer difl'erentiation of col- lege and station work with definite assignments of land for experimental work in horticulture, agronomy, animal production, and dairying, and a lessening of the college duties of station men, with readjustment of salaries to the advantage of the station. The station is, therefore, in a much better position to conduct investigations of real and permanent value to the agriculture of the State. The State is showing its appre- ciation of the work of the station by more liberal contributions to its resources, but considering the predominant agricultural interests of Mississippi, the opeiations of the station could be profitably conducted on a larger scale than its present revenues will permit. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted by the Mississippi Station during the past year were as follows: Soils — restoring and maintain- ing fertility, study of artesian waters, methods of preventing erosion, and restoring washed soils; fertilizers; field experiments — growing pasturage and forage crops, testing varieties of wheat, oat.s, and cotton; horticulture; animal husbandry — beef production, combined 138 REPORT OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. willi s\viiu> and slici'i) piodiiclion; daiiyiiii;': diseases of aiiiniais — Texas re\'er and odier diseases; entomology chicken mile, and insects allcctine- (li(' leading' j:ard en and I'arni products. INCOMK. The income o1' the station during tlie past fiscal ye.ir was as follows: Tnitcd States appropriation $15, 000. 00 KariM i)ro(ln(ts 80K. 07 Miscellaneous, inchidiiifr lialance inmi previous year 1, 409. .30 Total 17, 217. :M A report of tho receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance witli the schedules prescribed l)y this Department, and has been approved. I'UBLICATIONS. The puldications of this station received during the past fiscal 3'ear were Bulletins 76-80 and the Annual Report for 1902. The bulletins included reports of investigations on beef cattle, the chicken mite, and the work of the year at the McNeill Substation, and a farmers' institute bulletin. MISSOURI. Missouri Agricultural Colleg-e Experiment Station, Columbia. Department of the College of Agriculture and Mechanics Arts of the University of Missouri. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Curators — Executive Committee: Walter Williams (Chairman) , Columbia; Campbell Wells, Platte Cliij; J. F. Gmelich, Boonville. Advisory Council: The Missouri State Board. of Agriculture. STATION STAFF. H. J. Waters," B. S. A., Director. G. M. Tucker, B. S., Ph. D., Agronomist. F. B. Mumford, M. S., Acting Director; W. L. Howard, B. S., Assistant Horticul- Animal Breeding. turist. Paul Schweitzer, Ph. D., LL. D., Chemist. B. M. Duggar, Pn. D., Botanist. 3. C.\Vh\tten,M.S.,Vn.T)., Horticulturist. H. S. Reed, B. A., Assistant Botanist. J. M. Stedman, B. S., Entomologist. R. M. Bird, Pn. D., Acting Chemist. G. I. Reeves, B. ^. , Assistant Entomologist. E. H. Yaxor, V*. A.., Assistant Horticulturist. J. W. Connaway, M. D. C, M. D., Veteri- M. W. Harper, M. S., Assistant in Feeding. narlan. John Schnabel, Gardener. C. H. Eckles, B. Agr., M. S., Dairying. J. G. Babb, M. A., Secretary. E. B. Forbes, B. H., Animal Husbandman. R. B. Price, Treasurer. Estelle Hickok, Clerk, Stenographer. a On leave. MISSOURI. 139 OENERAI. 0I:TI,00K. The work of the, Missouri Stutioii has progressed steadily and in a very satisfactory manner. In the department of animal husl)andrv cattle-feeding experiments of considerable importance, partly in coop- eration with the Bureau of Animal Industry- of this Department, have l)een conducted to determine the economy of using- cotton-seed meal for fattening cattle and the efticiency of Missouri ])luegrass for tinish- ing prime cattle. Breeding experiments with guinea pigs, mice, and pigeons have been undertaken to determine, among other things, the influence of birth weight upon development and maturity. It has been found that a heavy birth weight is distinctly favorable to vigorous development and early maturity. Other problems in breeding will be undertaken and given prominence in the work of the station. The horticulturist has continued his investigations on the culture and care of fruits, and is doing considerable work in grafting and selecting. The relation of color of twigs to hardiness of peach trees is l)eing investigated, also problems in the irrigation of strawberries, garden vegetables, and nurser}' stock in cooperation with this OfBce. In dairying some of the problems studied are an improved method of testing cream for fat, the effect of spaying milch cows, and the eco- nomic value of fly repellents. In the chemical department a dry Bor- deaux mixture has been devised. The agronomist is studying rotations, alfalfa culture under various soil conditions, and northern and home- grown seed of wheat, oats, and corn. He is cooperating with farmers in growing alfalfa and in testing fertilizers for corn and soil inocula- tions. A part of this work is also in cooperation with the liureau of Plant Industry of this Department, with which the station is cooperat- ing in testing the formation and management of meadows and pastures and the influence of origin of red-clover seed on yield of crop. With the Bureau of Chemistry the station is studying the available plant food in soils and investigating the gluten content of wheat. The Missouri Station is growing rapidly in lunnber of investigators and material equipment. Its building operations of the past year, which have included the completion of a fine new !i^4( 1,000 stone build- ing for horticulture, botany, and entomology, a stone building for vet- erinary science and animal husbandry, including a laboratory of animal breeding (PI. IV, tig. 2), and new barns and feeding sheds, have tempo- rarily interrupted its work in some lines, l)ut it is in better shape than ever before for work of high grade. It is making an int(Mesting and very valuable study of "bal)y beef" production. Dairy work is being tiiken up and has a close connection with work in b(>ef production. The fruit interests of the Stjite now exceed those of an}' other State in area of orchards, and its work in this line is a prominent feature. The station continues to take quite a prominent part in the farmers' insti- 1 4, who in I urn hiuc ji-ivcii il thcii- ((inrKhMicc and suppoiM in ji niiirkod (Icn'ivc. Tho station men arc also (h)in — experiments with apples, plums, grapes, poachers, pears, small fruits, and nuts, breeding experiments with fruits, diseases of apples; •l)i-eeding experiments; feeding experiments with beef cattle, sheep, and swine; diseases of animals, especially those of swine; entomology — stud^' of ticks on cattle, parasites of sheep, and insects affecting fruits; dairying; and drainage and irrigation, INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation _ $15, 000. GO Fees - - 2,488.44 Farm products 2, 838. 46 Balance from previous year 3, 229. 61 Total 23, 556. 51 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved, PUBLICATIONS, The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 51-00 and Circulars of Information 10-16. The subjects treated in the bulletins are as follows: The chinch bug, influence of height of wheel on the draft of farm wagons, breeding experiments MISSOURI. 141 witli sheep, two insects injurious to the strawberry, pruning peach trees, dairy husbandry, raising calves with skim milk, feeding the dairy cow, corn improvement for Missouri, and a new Bordeaux powder. Missouri State Frmt Experiment Station, Mountain Grove. (iOVERXING BOARD. Trustees: J. C. Kerby {PresidaU), West Plains; C. B. JMcAlee {Treasurer), Springfield; T. M. Culver {Secretary), Koshkonong. STATION STAFF. Paul Evans, Director. F. W. Faurot, B. S., Assistaid in Investiga- Frank Horsfall, B. S., Assistant Ilorticul- tion of Plant Diseases. turi' ' A. M. Swartwout, Field Assistant. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Owing to the crop failure of 1902 the Missouri State Fruit Experi- ment Station decided to defer experimental work on diseases and insects injurious to fruit until next year, and devote attention more especially to extending the orchards and making general improve- ments. These orchards now contain 260 varieties of apples, 200 peaches, 160 strawberries, 100 grapes, and quite a niim>)er of rasp- berries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, and other small fruits. The orchard of seedlings bred at this station now includes over 1,200 varieties, comprising peaches, apples, and strawberries. It is the intention of the station authorities to make the practical work, such as the testing and improvement of varieties, a prominent feature. At the same time considerable attention will be given to the studv of the more important diseases of orchard and small fruits. A new barn and an implement house have recently' been completed, and plans are being made for a greenhouse to be erected during the next season. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station during the past year were as follows: Horticul- ture — experiments with fertilizois and cover crops for orchards; breeding experiments with apples, peaches, and strawberries; orchard survey; tests of new land for orchard purposes; study of crown gall, bitter rot, root rot, and other diseases atl'ecting fruits; ('xpcriineiits and studies of injurious insects; experiments with insecticides and fungicides, and inspection of orchards and nurseries. INCOME. The station is supported entirely l>y State appropriations, the amount for the years lJi08 and IIH»4 l)eing S:^,2,0()i). Of this sum a total of $10,740.39 was expended during 1908. 14li KKI'olM' OK OFKK'K (»K KXriCRIMKNT STA'J'IONS. MONTANA. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, liit-.nmin. l)»'j)artim'iit nf the Moiitana ('m11c;_'c df Ajiiicultiiri^ uikI Mechanic Arte. • (lOVKKNINti ItOAKI). Ivxecutive Ixuiril: Walter S. Ilarlinaii {/ 'resident), Jiozernan; Peter Kodi (Si-cn'tartf 1111(1 JVi'di^urer), Buzeiium; .loliii M. lv(jbiiifion, Bozanan; Joseph Kountz, Bozemnii; K. W. Laiiiine, Bozanan. STATION STAKK. S. Fortier," 31. 1')., IHrccAur; Jrriijaliou ii. W . Fisher, Ji. S., AnKUituiU llorticid- Eugineer. lurut. \' . K. Cheaiiut, Chemist. Eihnund lUirke, Asid of studies of problems connected with the development of new agricultural regions make it impi'acticable for this station to satisfy the demands made on it with its present resources. LINKS OK WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Montana Station during the past year Avere as follows: Chemistry — study of alkali soils, alkali limit of plant growth, effect of mine tailings on vegetation, efi'ect of various rotations on soils, sugai--l)eet investigations, food inspection and miscellaneous analytical work; meteorology; botan}' — study of plants utili/ed l)y Indians, })lants poisonous to stock, and other systematic woik; field experiments — rotations, improvement of cereals, cooper- ative sugar-beet tests, test of grasses and forage crops; horticulture — orchard and small fruits and forest trees; feeding experiments — cattle and sheep; poultry experiments; entomology — codling moth and other insects ati'ecting fruits, vegetables, and shade trees; irriga- tion — duty of water, losses ])y evaporation, seepage, methods of appli- cation, study of water rights, and plant and pot experiments to determine the water requirements of plants and methods of application. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States apitropriatioii $15, 000. 00 State appropriation 5, 120. 97 Farm products 4, 56S. 60 Total . . 24, 689. 57 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. rUBLlCATlONS. The pul)lications of this sttition received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 3.5-44: and the Ammal Report for 15*02. The bulletins include rejjorts on investigations with beef cattle and sheep, forage conditions of central Montana, ])ork pi'oduction in Montana, root crops in Montana, food adulteration, sheep feeding in Montana, sugar IxM^ts — the crop of I!M)2, the codling moth, the dut}' of water in Montana, and apph^ growing in Montana. 144 WFIMKT OF OFKK'F (>F KXl'KKIMKNT STATIONS. Ni:itI{ASKA. Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska, I/iucoln. l>fl);irtm('iit 111' tlic riii\cr>i( y nf Ncbrii.^ka. r.OVERNIN(! IIOAIU). Ropcnts of tlif I'tiiviTsily: (Joorge F. Kniowi'r { Prcndenl) , ]yi'i)icr; E. von Forell, Aiirord; Carl J. Knist, (hnnhit; Elisha (". (!alkiIl^^, Kenriiei/; Edson 1*. Ricli, Onuiliii; John L. Teeters, Lhicithi; Jaiiu'S S. Dales {Sccrctiini), Lincoln. STATION STAKK. E. A. I'uniett, I>. S., Director; Animal ( >. \'. T. Stonl, (". E., Irrigation Engineer. IIuxInuKbnan. Samuel Avery, Ph. I)., C'lirinl.st. T. L. Lyon, B. S. A., AsHociate Director; R. A. Emerson, B. 8., Ifortlrultnrist. Agriciilttirlxt. A. L. Ilaeeker, B. S., Dairy ffiinlxindrnan. H. H. Nicholson, 'SI. A., Chemixt. II. R.Smith, B. S., Anlmul /fiishiiniJmiin. C. E. Bessey, Bii. n., LL.D., 5oto>m7. J. II. (Jain, M. !».('., Assi.staid Animal Lawrence Bruner, B. S., KntuinoUxjist. Patholoyi.^. E. II. Barbour, Pn. D., (holofjist. W. P. Snyder, Amsiant in Aiiimal JIuh- A. T. Peters, D. A'. M., Animal Pathol- haudry. ogiM. S. W. Perrin, Farm Foreman. G. D. Swezey, 31. A., Meteorologist. J. S. Dales, Pn. M., Financial Secretary. W. W. Marshall, ExeaUive Clerk: GENERAL OUTLOOK. The Nebraska Station has conthiucd the main lin(>s of investigation previously reported. The resuUs of eight dificrent feeding experi- ments witli cattle and pigs have been published. These experiments extended over a series of years and included a large number of tests of difl'erent rations to compare different kinds of roughage alone and in combination with grains. In experiments to determine the best week in a cow's lactation it was found that nine-tenths of the cows made their best records during the first ten weeks of lactation, and that over one-half made their best records during the first month. An eft'ort is being made to improve corn by the selection of varieties adapted to the different sections of the State and b}^ the selection of individual plants of d(>sirable ([ualities. Investigations are in progress to determine a cheap and effective method of destroying pocket gophers and prairie dogs. Experiments in dipping cattle for psoroptic scabies are in progress. Investigations in cooperation with about 1,70() farmers arc ])eing carried on to test varieties of corn, winter wh(>at, macaroni wheat, and Kherson oats, several of these cereals being varieties introduced by this Department. Forestry plantations ar<> continued in cooperation with the BuriMui of Forestry, also studies of the intluiMicc of environ- ment on plants ill coojx'ration with the Bureau of Plant Industry, and irrigation in\-estigations in cooperation with this Oilice. Recently the station has undertaken an investigation of the conditions and limitations np:braska. 145 incident to the extension of thcdaliy industry in the short-«>'niss coun- try between the Mississippi Kiver and the Rock}' Mountains in coop- ei'ation with the Buivau of IMant Industry. The work of the station in farmers' institutes is considera])le. Tlie approi)ri:ition for this work lias l)een increased to §12,000 for the next ])ienniuni and an assistant for fanners' institutes is to be employed. The last leglslatui'e appropriated $15,00(J for the esta))lishnient of a substation west of the one hundredth meridian in Nebraska. Thissta- ti(jn has been located at North Platte, where it is expected that three sections of land will l)e available for experimental purposes. The legislature also made an a])propriatiou of $100,000 for new buildintrs for the school of aj^'riculture. These will include a $60,000 main build- inji'. a dairy ])arii and machine sho]) costing- $11,000 each, a horticid- tural buildino" and ofrecnhouse costino- $7,000, and an extension of the heatint;' plant costing- $1, (MM). These improvements will greatly increase the facilities of the experiment station. The Nebraska Station is receiving more liberal treatment from the State than formerly, l)ut could proiitabh^ use much larger funds in extending its work along the lines of corn breeding, cooperative feed- ing, animal pathology, study of macaroni wheats, development of cream and cheese production, and the study of irrigation waters. Owing to the ui'gent demand for larger experiments with dairy cattle, ditl'erent kinds of roughage for milk, etc., the station needs more ani- mals for feeding experimtnits. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Nebraska Station dur- ing the i)ast year were as follows: Chemistry; botany: meteorology; soils — sources of moisture, moisture as art'ectc^l by ditferent crops, aeration, and fertilization; field expei'im(>nts — rotations, breeding experiments, grasses and legumes, sugar beets, winter wheat, corn, soy beans, and imported grains; horticidture — development of hardy varieties of fruits by hybridization, grafting, and selection, and breeding of beans; diseases of plants; forestry; feeding and ])reeding experiments; diseases of animals — cholera iji hogs, dysentery in calves, abortion, mange, sorghum poisoning, cornstalk disease; entomology — grasshopper fungus disease, chinch-bug disease; irrigation — records of water used on ditbMcnt crops, methods of cultivation, and records of discharge of several rivers. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Farm products, inclndinj^ balance in >iii |in\ inns yciir 4,805.78 Total 19, 8t>5. 78 S. Doc. 148, 58-2 10 14() KKl'oUT OF OFFICE OF KXPEKIMENT STATIONS. A report (if tli(> icccipts and (vxixMulituros for the riiitt'd States fund has liccn rcndci-cd in accordaiici' with the schcchdcs ])i-('S('ril)(>d h}' this Department, and has been approv(>d. I'lIBLICATIONS. The i)ul)lications of this station received durin<,^ the ])ast fiscal yoar wore Buih'tins T;")-T'.i. liuHetin 75 records the i'(\salt.s of eij.'-ht different fecdin with the schedules prescribed l>y this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pul)lications of this station received during the past fiscal 3'ear were the Animal Keport for 1!M)2 and Bulletins 52-54, on water supply and irrigation in Nevada, the l)uriiing of dead animals, and report of irrigation investigations, Humboldt River Valley, Nevada. 148 RKPoirr of nFFiri-: of fxperiment stations. SKW IIAMPSIIIllK. New Hampshire College Agricultural Experiment Station, hurhdin. iH'partinont dI .New I lam|isliirt' ("ollegc of Atj^riciiltiirc and Mrclianic Arts. GOVERNING BOARU. Boanl of Control: Jolin i;islature made an appropria- tion of ^13, (too for equipping- this huilding, also $15,000 for general expenses of the college, ^7,OoO for a college and station greenhouse which is now building, and ^5,000 for additions to the heating plant. An addition of about ^1,000 to station funds is realized from the inspection of feeding stuffs, nurseries, and nursery stock in coopera- tion with the State Board of Agricultiire. The staff and equipment of the New Hampsliire Station are now in good condition for useful and progressive work, but there is need of additional funds for work in animal husbandry and for cooperative work in different parts of the State. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the New Hampshire Sta- tion during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of yield of dry matter and digestible nutrients in corn and hay, loss of nutrients in corn fodder under different methods of storing; analysis of ferti lizers and feeding stuff's; field experiments — crop rotations, variety tests of earl}' corn; horticulture — tests of varieties of muskmelons, potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables, experiments in forcing vegetables, renovation of old orchards; ento- mology — suppression of insect pests, and a study of the life zones of the principal insects of the State. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Fees 1 , 209. 97 Total 16, 209. 97 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pul)li(ations of this station received during the past fiscal j^ear wer(» Bulletins !)1-101 on the following subjects: Killing w^oodchucks with carbon ]»isulphid; silage studies; cold storage of apples; remedies lor fleas; how to grow a forest from seed; Anmial Kc^port for I'.MH; inspection of fertilizers in llXiiJ; a sidected list of vegetal)les for the garden; the white fiy of greenhouses, and fungus diseases and spray- 150 REPOTiT OF OFFICE OF KXPERIMF.NT STATIONS, \w^. 'riicif wcif al>i> r('t('i\(Ml '|N'cliiii(;il liiillclin NO. .'». A Partial r>il)lioi;iapliv of the Kcojioiuic Ivolatioit^^ of Noi'tli Aiin'rican IJinls; and 'I\'fhnifal Hullctin No. 4, Kllcct of Acetylene Gaslight on Tlaiit Growth. NKW JERSKY. New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station, Nrw Brurwdck. At Rutgers College. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Managerw: Gov. Franklin Murphy, Newark; Austin Scott, New Brunsivick; Edward 11. Voorhees, New Ih-umwick; Ej)hraini T. (Jill, Iladdon field; John F. Driver, Mnllica Hill; II. L. Sabsovich, Woodbine; John E. Darnell, Mn^onrille; David D. Denise {President), Freehold ; Jaines Neilsou, New Brunawick; Samuel B. Ketcham ( Vice-Preddent), renninglon; Peter V. D. Van Doren, MilUtone; Ogden AN'ootlruff, Elizabeth; Melvin S. Condit, Boonton; Abram C. Iloldrum, Wesbmod; AVm. H. Belcher, Pderson; George E. De Camp, lioseland; Cyrus B. Crane, Oddwell; (jeorge Dorer, Ey OUy; John Hudson, Jersey City; Henry Bell, Union Hill; H. A. Gaede, Hoboken. STATION STAFF. E. B. Voorhees, D. Sc, Director. J. B. Smith, D. S., Entomologist. I. S. Upson, M. A., Chief Clerk, Secretary, A. T. Jordan, P>. S., Horticulturist. Treasurer. J. G. Lipman, I\I. A., Soil Chemist, Bade- L. A. Voorhees, M. A., Chief Chemist. riologisf. J. P. Street, M. S., Associate Chemist. G. A. Billings, B. f^.. Dairy Husbandman. W. P. Allen, B. S., Assistant Chemist. Mary A. Whitaker, Stenographer and V. J. Carberry, Assistant Chemist. Typewriter. G. H. Burton, Laboratory Assistant. H. W. "Williams, Janitor. New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, New Brunswick. Department of Rutgers College. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Trustees, Experiment Station Committee: Austin Scott (Chairman), New Brunsnick; Henry AV. Bookstaver, £4 East Sixty-fourth street, New York City; James '^eWson, New Brunswick; Paul Cook, TVo?/, iV^. }'.; William H. Leupp, iView 5rttn.smc)fc; John W. Herbert, jr., Helmet ta. STATION STAFF. E. B. Voorhees, D. Sc, Director. J. A. Kelsey, M. S., Field Assistant. Julius Nelson, Ph. D., Biologist. I. S. lJi)Son, M. A., Disbursing Clerk, B. D. Ilalstoad, D. Sc, Botanist, Horti- JJImirian. cnliurist. Augusta E. Meske, Stcnograjiher and T'ype- J. B. Smith, D. Sc, Entomologist. nrriter. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The New Jersej'^ Stations continue to give special attention to a few important lines of work which have been followed systematically for a nuinltor of years. In addition to these, certain new lines of work have been developed in recent years. These include studies of the breeding NKW JERSEY. 151 habits and moans of destroy iii<;" mosquitoes; investigations in soil l)ac- tei'iolooy, especially on nitrogen-tixing bacteria; investigations of commercial feeding stutls; studies in oyster culture; a comprehensive study of the fertilizing value of animal and green manures; plant- breeding experiments; experiments in the culture and utilization of forage and soiling crops; and the value of nitrate of soda for gartlen and tield crops. In the investigation of feeding stuil's it was found that the number of spurious articles on the market was very much reduced over those of previous 3'ears, undoubtedly due to the inspec- tion carried on and the educational character of the pul)lications con- nected therewith. Investigations concerning the appropriation of nitrogen ])y plants from various forms of nitrogenous substances have been finished in one of its phases, and the results confirm those obtained elsewhere in showing a relativeh^ high availability for such products as dried l)lood, meat tajikage, and cotton- seed meal, and in showing a mu€h higher rate of availability for ground horn than was formerly assigned to it. In the investigation of the mosquito prob- lem much progress has been made and the results thus far secured encourage the hope that the methods suggested maj^ result in materi- ally reducing, if not wholly eradicating, this pest. The station is also cooperating with the Division of Entomology of this Department in studies of cranberr}' insects, the San Jose scale, and the Asiatic lad\'- bird. The irrigation studies in cooperation with this Office show a comparatively large num))er of small irrigation plants in operation in the market-gardening districts adjacent to the large Eastern cities. The operations of these plants are uniformly profitable, and it is evi- dent that they could be handled with very great advantage. The director of the stations. Dr. E. B. Voorhees, has been awarded the William H. Nichols medal for the yenv ended July 1, 19U2, on his paper "Studies in denitrification,-' presented before the New York section of the American Chemical Society and published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. This medal is awarded annually to the author who presents before the New York section of the American Chemical Society the best paper embodying the results of original chemical research. Competition is not restricted to members of the American Chemical Society, nor necessarily to those who pre- sent })a[)ers in person. The stations suffered great temporary' loss through the destruction by tire of the station building on April 23. A large proportion of the records anil collections was saved. The structure is now being rebuilt with insurance funds and will fuiiiish better facilities for the various dcpartnuMits than hitherto. The woik of these stations is so systtMU- atically and thoroughly organized and has proved so practically useful that there is no doul)t that with laiger resources they would make still more important contributions to the advancement of the agricultural interests of New Jerse3\ .52 UEl'OKT OF OFFICE OF KXl'KWIMKNT STATIONS. i.im:s oi" \V()i;k. Tlu> |)riMci|):il liin's <»f work coiKliiclfd at I lie New Jersey Stations duriiiji' tlu" past year were as follows: ( liemist ly study of adulterants of foodiiiw- stud's, elicniical composition and relative value of the \ arious kinds of lime used in the State, methods of examinind. Much attention is being given to alfalfa and other h'gumes. not only I'oi' forage purposes but also for the purpo.se of improving the mechanical condition of the soil. Some tobacco work has been done, assistance l>eing rendered by the owner of a tobacco factory in Albu(|uer(|ue. wiio fui-nished the ])lan(s. The station has cooperated also with farmers in the vicinity of Mesilla Park in spray- 154 UKI'ORT OF OFFICE OF KXrKRTMF.NT STATIONS. "m«j for I 111 it |)fst> ill ciniiiucrciiil ordmrds. With this Department the station has coojx'ratcil :i> follows: W'iththe l)i\isioii of KnloinolooT in invest ioations on the codling' moth; with the liureaii of IMant Industry in in\'estij^ations on the o-rowth of fruit treses and tlie introduction of h\iiuminous ci'ops, and with the Bureau of Ciicmistry in the study of av ailalile ])hiiit food in soils. Farmers' institute work was orwmized durinii' the voar and a mini- ber of successful meetint>s>were held under the auspices of the colle<>e. Th(^ station staff was increased by the addition of an assist^mt to the agriculturist. The chemist resigned to become director of the Indiana Station and was succeeded by his assistant. The eciiiipmentof several of the departments was improved by the addition of a number of implements and pieces of scientific apparatus. In addition to the regu- lar bulletins, a large numl)erof press bulletins were issued on popular tt)]ucs. The Territorial tax levy for the support of the college has been increased, so that it now yields a])out $15,000 per annum, and it is expected that a readjustment of assessments will increase this amount. It is hoped that the station, Avliich is now coming into close touch Avith the people of the State and is meeting with their apfiroval, will share in the more liberal fimds thus provided. As it is now organized and equipped the station is in better condition than ever before. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the New Mexico Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — chemical survey of the waters of the Territory, analytical work, study of the ash of native plants; field experiments — alfalfa, grasses for lawns and pas- tures, cereals, soil renovators, forage crops; soils; feeding experi- ments with dairy cows, steers, and sheep to test the value of various grains and forage crops for soiling and for dry feed; horticulture — culture, pruning, spraying, and irrigation of orchard, vineyard, and small fruits, vegetable culture, tests of shrubs, flowers, and forage trees; botany — preparation of ])otanical map of the Territory, range problems; and irrigation. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000.00 State appropriation 750. 00 Farm products 1, 865. 91 Total 1 7, 615. 91 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. NEW YORK. 155 PUBLK^ATIONS. Tlie publiaitioiis of this .station ret-cived dui'in^- the pant fiscal yoar were Bulletins 41-48 and the Annual Report for 1902. The suhjects of the bulletins are si)ra3'int;- orchards for the codling- moth, alkali, and drainage and flooding for the removal of alkali. NEW YORK. New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Control: Stephen H. Hammond {President), Geneva; W. O'Hanlon {Sec- retary and Treasurer), Geneva; Gov. Benj. B. Odell, jr., Albany; Jens Jensen, Bing- hamton; Thos. B. "Wilwni, ITalh Corners; F. C. Schraul), Lotimlle; C. Willis Ward, Queens; Edgard (t. Dnsenbury, Portville; Milo H. Olin, Perry; Irving Rouse, Roches- ter; Lyman P. Haviland, Camden. STATION STAFF. W. II. Jordan, D. Sc, Director. G. W. Churchill, Agricidturist, Superin- tendent of Labor. W. P. Wheeler, Animal Industry. H. A. Harding, M. S., Bacteriologist. M. J. Prucha, Pn. B., Assistant Bacteri- ologist. F. C. Stewart, M. S., Botanist. H. J. Eustace, B. S., Asxistiud Botanist. L. L. Van Slyke, Ph. D., Chemist. E. B. Hart, B. S., Associate Chemist. C. G. Jenter,« Ph. C, Assi.'itant Chemist. W. H. Andrews, B. S., Assistant Chemist. F. D. Fuller, B. S., Assi.'^tant Chemist. C. W. Mudge, B. S., A.msiant Chemist. A. J. Patten, B. S., As.^istant Chemist. G. A. Smith, Dairy Expert. F. H. Hall, B. S., Editor and Librarian. P. J. Parrott, M. A., Entomologis^t. S. A. Beach, M. S., ILn-ticulturist. V. A. C\&rk,B. 't^., Assi.stant Horticidturist. O. 'Si. Taylor, Foreman /u Tlorticidture. F. E. Newton, Clerk and Stenographer. Jennie Terwilliger, Clerk and Stenogra- plier. A, H. Horton, Computer. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Aside from the inconveniences caused hy the burning of its barns, the work of the New York State Station has progressed satisfactorily during the past year. Some of the completed lines of work are as follows: A stud}' of phosphorus in feeding stufis, showing that there wa.s no inorganic phosphorus in the feeds examined; a study of the role of lactic-acid bacteria in the early'stages of cheese ripening, and the development of a meth(Kl for the control of rust}' spot in cheese fac- tories; the determination of the nature of the Cephalothecium rot of the apple and of a remedy for it; a test of the removal of aflected leaves for the treatment of cal)l)age rot, which has proven inefl'ective; studies of cheese ripening showing the existence of acid salts of ])ara- casein and casein, thus giving an explanation of many features in the process of ripening Cheddar cheese; the elaboration of methods for the estimation of proteolytic compounds in milk and cheese; the dis- « On leave. 150 KKPOKT OK OKKICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. covcrv lli:it a ((msidcraltlc |);iil ol llif ii|)ciiiii;^" of cIutsc* is due to j)("|)ti<- ili^^cslioii of tlic ]>ar:i( asciii salt , I lie pepsin hciiiji" introdiu'cd ill the rennet ; the olalilisliment of the linie-sulphui'-salt wash as a tlidroiieflily j)i"aeti(al and eflicient iiisectiei(h>. The station has inaajj^u- rated a hir«iO aniouiit of new work with cheese and other dairy prod- ucts, has })etifun to study the metabolism of phosphorus and sulphur in the cow and hen, and is giving considera))Ie attention to the grow- ing of seed with reference to vitality, and the shading of horticultural plants, pai-ticularly strawberries. The coo[)erative work with farmers has included a test of forage and soiling i-rops on Long Island; tests of spraying for ])()tato scab and rot, raspbei-ry cane blight, and cauliflower and calibage black i-ot; experiments in the use of grape stocks and apple stocks, shading strawl)erries, growing chestnuts, storing apples, and the use of the lime-sulphur-salt wash. The cheese-curing investigations in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Animal Industry of this Department have been continued, also the growing of sugar-beet seed with the Bureau of Plant Industry, sugar-beet investigations with the Bureau of Chem- istr}^ and investigations of the San ,Iose scale and Asiatic lad3'V)ii-d w^ith the Division of P^ntomology. In cooperation with the Vermont Station, a study of soft rot of ca])bage and cauliflower has been under- taken. The inspection work of the station with fertilizers, feeding stulis, Paris green, insecticides, and Babcock-test glassware has been continued. This station is doing work of a high scientific order and of great practical usefulness. Not only is it conducting a large amount of thoroughly scientific work which is likely to take 3'ears for comple- tion, but it is also attacking many problems capable of immediate solution, and is carrying the results of these investigations directly to the farmer through its publications, its cooperative work, and the par- ticipation of its officers in farmers' institute W'ork. Nearly all the heads of departments take part in the farmers' institute work of the State, and this 3' ear the station is to cooperate with Cornell Univer- sity in giving a normal institute for institute workers. At this meet- ing the regular institute workers of the State will assemble for two weeks to receiv^e instruction bj^ means of lectures and otherwise on the most prominent features of station work and on the best wa}' of pre- senting the results of the station investigations to the people in the institutes. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the New York State Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of problems in cheese ripening, of changes in milk, and of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; bacteriology — study of problems in cheese ripening, tests of methods for the repression of rusty spot in cheese; meteorology; fer- NEW YORK. 157 tilizers — study of the proportions and forms of fertilizinfr inj^redients best suited to the staple c-rops of the State; analysis and control of fertilizers; inspection of feeding stuffs, Paris green, and creamery glassware; field experiments — tests of commercial fertilizers and stable manure on crops in rotation, study of crops grown on soils treated with crude cliemicals. and cooperative tests of forage and soil-renovat- ing crops, variety tests of cowpeas and wheat, growth of mother beets to test the possibility of raising sugar-beet seed; horticulture — study of the cause and effect of self-sterilit}^ among grapes, effect of fertil- izers on the quality of strawberries and bush fruits, tests of various stocks for native grapes and for dwarf apples, comparison of American and Japanese chestnuts, use of screens for shading strawberries, experi- ments with apples in cold storage, breeding of grapes, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, and strawberries, test of lettuce fertilizers in the greenhouse, systems of fertilizing apple orchards, study of forcing tomatoes with reference to frequency of pollination required, collec- tion of data to determine the significance of correlation of parts as a factor in plant breeding; diseases of plants — investigations and experi- ments in the treatment of raspberry and blackberry diseases, especially cane blight, study of diseases of apples, ten-3'ear test of the efficiency of spraying potatoes to prevent disease and to increase yield, test of repressive measures for black rot of cabbage and cauliflower, with investigation of soft rot of the same plants, study of Khizoctonia as a cause of plant diseases; feeding experiments; poultry experiments — study of the effect and value of different classes of nutrients in poultry feeding and of inbreeding and selection as affecting egg production; entomology — biological stud}' of the San Jose scale and the develop- ment of a successful and convenient method for controlling this insect, experiments on the fertilization of fruit by bees, study of the economic relations of Dactylopius; dairying; and irrigation. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal jcsir was as follows: United States appropriation $1 , 500. 00 State appropriation 90, 258. 16 Insurance 7, 804. 55 Total 99, 062. 71 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal 3^ear were Hulletins 213-232 and tliii Annual Report for 1JK)1. The subjects treated in these bulletins are as follows: Treatment for San Jos^ scale 158 REPORT OF t>FFlCE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. in orcliiu-ds (spraying- with k(M-o.scnc and crude potrolcuni); a study of some of the suits foiincd hy casein and paracasein with acids; methods for the (Estimation of the ])roteolytic compounds contained in cheese and milk; re[)ort of analyses of conunercial fertiliz'U's for the spring and fall of 15»(i2; inspection of feeding stuffs; variety test of straw- berries (with popular edition); some of the compounds present in American Cheddar cheese; two universal troubles of apple foliage (with popular edition); potato spraying experiments in 1902; report of analyses of Paris green and other insecticides in lt>02; investiga- tions concerning the self-fertility of the grape, 1900-1902: 111, a stud}' of grape pollen (with popular edition); control or rusty spot in cheese factories (with popular edition); raspberry cane blight and raspberry yellows (with ])opular edition); San Jose scale investigations, IV (with popular edition); a destructive apple rot following scab (with popular edition); director's report for 1902; some facts about conunercial fer- tilizers in New York State; the relation of carbon dioxid to proteolysis in the ripening of Cheddar cheese; combating the black rot of cabbage by the removal of affected leaves (with popular edition). Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca. Department of Cornell University. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Trustees — Station Council: Jacob G. Schurmau ( President of the University), Franklin C. Cornell, Liberty H. Bailey, Eninionw L. Williams {Treasurer of the Uni- versity), John H. Comstock, and Thomas F. Hunt. STATION STAFF. L. H. Bailey, M. S., Director. J. L. Stone, B. S. \., Assistant Agronomist. G. C. Caldwell, B. S., Ph. D., Chemist. Samuel Fraser, Assistant Agronomist. J. H. Comstock, B. S., Entomologist. R. S. Northrop, B. S., Assistant Horticul- H. H. AVing, B. Agr., M. S., Animal turist. Husbandman. J. M. Van Hook, M. A., Assistant Plant G. F. Atkinson, Ph. B., Botanist. Pathologist. John Craig, M. S., Horticulturist. H. H. AVhetzel, B. A., Assistant Plant T. F. Hunt, M. S., Agronomist. Pathologist. R. A. Pearson, M. S., Dairy Industry. J. W. Gilmore, B. S. A., Assistant Agron- J. A. Bonsteel, Ph. J)., Soil Investigations. omist. M. V. Slingerland, B. S., Assistant Ento- J. A. Bizzell, Assistant Chemist. mologist. S. W. Fletcher, M. S., Ph. D., Assistant G. W. Cavanaugh, B. S. A., Assistant Horticulturist. Chemist. J. i\I. Trueman, Assistant Animal Hus- J. E. Rice, B. S. A., Poultry Husband- bandman, Dairy Industry. man. E. A. Butler, Clerk. C. E. Hunn, Assistant Horticulturist. Lizzie V. Maloney, Stenographer. GENERAL OUTLOOK:. The New York Cornell Station has continued its investigations along nearly the same lines as formerly, gning prominence on the one hand to problems of immediate practical importance, and on the other to NEW YORK. 159 the solution of ti muuhcr of sciciititic proMonis of o-cncrul iinportiuico. In chemistry an investigation has been made of the ettect of formalin on the allmmin in milk with results which ma}" have an impoitant bearing on the relation of formalin as a preservative to the dicrcsti- bility of milk. Other preservatives will be investio;ated. Studies have been made of fermentation in the silo, the pink rot of apples, diseases and culture of (^insenj^, and a number of insects of the vine- yard and orchard. The work in animal husbandry has been a con- tinuation of feeding- experiments with daii'v cows and poultrv. Regard- ing the latter work three bulletins have been pul)lislied on the cost of eg<»; production. The new Danish system of milking has been under trial and results have beenpul)lished. Cooperative work with farmers has been continued along several lines in agronom}" and in horticulture, the latter being concerned principallv with insects in the vineyard, cover crops, and the use of cheese-cloth shades for the growing of various crops. The station has cooperated with the Bureau of Chem- istry of this Department in sugar-beet investigations. The Cornell Station is undergoing a complete reorganization under the manag(Muent of the new director, who took charge July 1, llXCi. It is the policy of the new management to organize several strong departments, with more complete equipment and greater independence of action than formerly existed. Already departments of agronomy, animal hus})andry, dairying, soils, horticulture, and poultr}" husbandry have been more or less full}' organized. At the same time the courses of study in the college of agriculture are being developed and strength- ened, and agriculture will share equally with mechanic arts in the land-grant and Morrill funds. The school of forestry in th«> college has been discontinued, owing to the failure of the last legislature to make appropriation for its support. With a strong statl' of specialists, and with prospects for greatly improved facilities, the outlook for investigations of a high character at the Cornell Station are very encouraging. . LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Cornell Statioji during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — study of soils, feeding stuti's, dairy products, insecticides, causes of injury to foliage ])y Bor- deaux mixture; fertilizers; Held experiments — tests of rotations, legumes, and fertilizers, tillage and fertilizer experiments with pota- toes, l)eans, buckwheat, etc., plat experiments with grasses; horticul- ture — forcing strawberries, tree fruits, and nmshrooms, studies of Japanese plums and methods of spraying; diseases of plants — fungus diseajses of forest and shade trees, study of the role of fungi in render- ing available the j)lant food in dejid wood, study of edible fungi and of 1(')() KKI'oUr <»K OFFICK oF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. mimcroiis funH;iis mihI hactcriiil ili.sciiscs of vcj^ctublcs; f('('(liM<( cxpori- inciits (lairv tow.-, slicop, :mtins: Trap lanterns, or "moth- catchers;" the care and handling of milk: cooperative experiments on the cost of egg production; shade trees; sixth r(^port of extension work: pink rot — an attendant of apple seal); the grape root worm or grape\ine fidia; distinctive characteristics of the species of the genus Lecanium, conmiercial })ean growing in New York. NORTI I C Alio L INA. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Wrttl Rurj)oses out of an appropriation of $35,000 by the State for cooperative experiments and university exti'nsion work in agriculture. NOKTH CAROLINA. 161 STATION STAKK. B. W. Kiljiore, M. S., Director. F. L. Stevens, M. 8., Vn. D., Bioloijid. W. A. Withers, ^I. A., ChrmiM. W. G. JMurrison, M. A., AasiMant Chrmist. ( '. W. I^urkett, M. S., Pu. D., . {(jrumlluriM. J. C. Kendall, B. ^.,Amstant in Dairying. W. F. Ma.«sey, C. E., IIorticnltnriM. J. S. Jeffrey, Poit/tnjnian. Tait l^utler, D. V. S., ]'elerin(irian. B. 8. Skinner, Fann Si(}>irintt'nction work in entomology and (piarantine work with Texas S. Doc. 148, 58-2 11 Ui'J HKl'oKT (»K «>KKK"E (H<' KXI'KKIMIONT STATIONS. f»'\ cr. TIk' vclciiiKiriairs clloi'ts arc directed lar«^«dy toward station has orown in four vi'ars from (l.ooo to aliout :^T. ('(»(», althouo'h the intention lias been to enter the names of only such persons as r<'(|uest the bulletins and are likeh to mak(» use of them. The cori-espondcncc of the station has also increased «;r(vitly and is now \cry lar«;e. It is evident that the station has a stron*;" hold on the people and they are ai)})ealin<( to it in manv ways. The farmers' institute work is \ciy popular and the ilemand now is for the hetter class of «])eakers who have a thorough liroundinu" in the science of a«'riculture and can l>ase their talk on (>x])eriment or tln> latest development in agriculture. \Vith such evi- dence of conlitlence in the station and with the cordial relations exist- ing- hetween the ditl'(>rcnt a«;encies for the promotion of aj^riculture in the State the outlook for the station is very promisin*;-. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the North Carolina Station durino- the past year were as follows: Chemistr}' — ^rate of nitrification of ditierent nitrog-enous substances in diti'crent soils, methods of analy- sis; soils; field experiments — variety, cultural, and fertilizer tests with cotton, corn, and cowpeas, experiments with grasses and forage ])lants; hoi-ticulture; plant diseases; animal husbandr^^ — beef produc- tion, feeding work horses; diseases of animals; poultry experiments, and dairvino-. INCOME. ri\ The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 State a])propriation "5, 000. 00 Farm jiroductM and nii.scx'llaneous 2, 883. 70 Total 22, 88:3. 70 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed b}^ this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pu1)lications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 181-183 and the Annual Report for lUUi. The bul- letins include reports on silk culture, the apple, and insect and fungus enemies of the apple, pear, aiul (jiunce, with methods of treatment. "Approximate amount spent for experimental purposes. NORTH DAKOTA. 168 NOinU DAKOTA. North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. iJepartmeiit of North Dakota Agricultural College. (iOVKUXIXf; HOARD. Board of Tru^7ttH^s: Alex. Stern {I'residcut), J'hrgu; J. 1). Moulder, Fargo; ]\Iaynard Crane, C'oojierxtoirn; B. N. St(tne, Lumourc; L. B. Ilannu ( Treasurer), Fargo; S. S. Lyon (Secretary), Fargo; Adtlisou Leech, Warren; Chas. McKissick, Mayv'dle. JST.VTIOX ST.VKF. J. U. Wor.st, LL. D., Diredor. Hugh McGuigan, B. S., Asslataid E. V. Ladd, B. S., Chemist. Chemist. C. B. W'aldron, B. 8., Horticulturist, En- L. R. WaUlron, M. A., Assidaut Bolanist. toinologixl. L. Van Efj, 'SI. D., V. S., Veterinarian. H. L. MoUey, M. 8., liotanisl. Nicholas Great, Farm Foreman. J. II. Shepperd, M. S. A., Agriculturist. C. E. Nugent, Secretary. J. C. McDowell, B. Auk., Assistaid Agri- O. \. Thompson, Superintenderd of J!Jdgeley culturist. Substation. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The North Dakota Station has made l)ut few changes in the lines of work pursued. The chemist and ao-riculturist have undertaken experiments with wheat to determine to what extent the gluten content can be moditied or increased b>' selection and cultivation. The botanist has continued to give nuich attention to investigations of diseases of Hax and methods of controlling the same. Besides devising different means for treating flaxseed to eradicate the disease, he has developed by selection a strain of flax which is said to be immune to the flax-wilt disease. He is also selecting and breeding flax for frost- resistant, early-ripening, and late-ripening (pialities. At the present time he is in Europe making an investigation of flax diseases, varieties of flax, etc., for the North Dakota Station and this Department. The agri- culturist of the station is carrving on investigations Avith harvesting machinery to stud}' the efl'ectof exposure upon the length of time that the machinery will last, and upon the expenditure necessary to keep it in repair during its period of usefulness. The station is cooperating with a committee of the Tri-State Grain Growers' Association in studying the value of macaroni flour, and with this Department, as follows: With the Bureau of Plant Industiy in the investigation of cereals, forage plants, and other crops, the introduc- tion of improved varieties of flax, and studies on the influence of origin of red-clover seed on yield of crop; with the Bureau of Chemistry in studying the available plant food in soils, and with the Bureau of Soils in a soil survey. It is making a plant survey of the State in conjunction with a geological survey. The agriculturist of the station, as presi- dent of the farmers' institute board, has spent considerable time in the farmers' institute work, as have also one or two othei' members of the IIU Ki:i'(»KT OF OFFICE OF KXI*KKIMP:NT STATIONS. stutioii stall. 'Pile suhstation at Edj^elcv is supported by a Stsitc appro- priation ot" sj^;'), 000. The cxpcriiiKMits tluMHi consist larj^olyof licld t<'sts of crops to secure varieties suited to the regions of the State havinj]^ lifht soils and small I'ainfall. riie North Dakota Station has considerahle work in hand which is of nuich ini{)()i-tancc to the aj^riculturc of the State. It has now deter- mined the a ])laced at its command. It is especially in need of funds for experimental investigations in animal industry, dairying, and farm mechanics, and it is to be hoped that the State will adopt a more liberal policy toward the station. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the North Dakota Station during the past year, were as follows: Chemistry — investigation with soils and fertilizers, stud}^ of gluten content of selected wheats, and of plant food in soils; botany — studies of grasses and forage plants and noxious and poisonous weeds, seed control; field experiments — rota- tions, methods of culture, tests of hardy varieties of cereals and forage l)lants, selection of seed, selection and improvement of potatoes, sugar beets, corn, clover, alfalfa, and other farm crops; plant breeding — cereals; horticulture — variety tests of native plums and other fruits and of vegetables, experiments with forest trees; analysis of foods; diseases of plants — flax wilt, asparagus rust; animal husbandr\' — feed- ing experiments with horses, mules, sheep, and pigs, and tests of the comparative feeding value of brome grass and timoth}'; diseases of animals; dairying; tests of farm machinery. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15,000. 00 Farm products 3, 044. 44 lyiiscellaneous 428. 23 Balance from previous year 48. 99 Total 18,521.6(3 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed b}^ this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pu))lications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 52-55 on the length of the growing season in North Dakota, food products and their adulteration, abortion in cattle, scours in new-born calves, and flax and flaxseed selection; Special Bulletin No. 2 on weeds, and the Annual Report for 1902. OHIO. 165 onio. Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, ]]'ooster. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Control: Alva Agee (Preddent), Cheshire; O. Vj. Bradfnte (Secretary), Xenifi; D. L. Sampson [Treasurer), Cincinnati; F. A. Derthick, Mantua ; D. D. White, CaMalia. STATION STAFF. C. E. Thome, M. S. A., Director. W. J. Green, Vice-Director; HorticulturiM. C G. Williams, Agriculturist; Superin- tendent of Farm. A. D. Selby, Pn. D., Botanist. J. W. Ames, B. S., Chemiat. W. H. Kramer, Bursnr. G. M. Lummis, B. S. A.,A.>!(>, ("•<) I'oi- two years. Two of tlioso fai'iiis woro otulilislicd (luriii^r th(> past year — one at Carpentei', in tlie hilly regions of soutlH'astern Ohio, and oiu" at (Jerniantown. in south\vest(>i'n Ohio, where i'speeiai attention will he j;iven to tohaeco culture. The other test farm is at Stron«is\ille, in northeastern Ohio. The northwestern tost faiin, located in Fulton County, has boon abandoned. Tho station has installed a c()ni])lete printinj^- outlit with funds provided ))y the State, ^^'ith the. better conditions arisin<( from tho reorganization of the stjitioii and the appropriation of State funds for its partial support, the station is now in position to strengthen its scientific invostigations and develo]) considerable work in animal husbandry, and might i)rotit- al)ly use larger fujids for these purposes. LINE8 OF W^ORK. The ])rincipal lines of work conducted at the Ohio Station during the past year were as follows: Soils; field expei-iments — fertilizer and rotation experiments with corn, oats, wheat, |)otatoes, tobacco, and legiuuinous crops, variety tests of cereals, experiments with cover crops; horticulture — cauliflower and other vegetables under cheese cloth, study of 175 varieties of plums, forcing tomatoes, lettuce, cucuml)ers, and muskmelons, variety tests of vegetables and fruits, orchard management; plant breeding and selection — corn and wheat; diseases of plants — Khizoctonia in potatoes, onion smut, grape rot, diseases of ginseng and tol)acco; breeding and feeding experiments with cattle; diseases of animals — bovine tuberculosis, stomach worms of sheep; and entomology. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 State ai)propriation, iiicludiiif^ balance from previous year. 47, 4S;>, 93 Fees :\9:i. 05 Farm i)ro(lucts, inclndinji balance from previous year 5, 862. 78 Miscellaneous 1, 959. 96 Total 70, 699. 72 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has })een rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal j-ear were Bidletins 133, 134, 137, 138, and 140, the subjects being potatoes, the value of barnyard manure, experiments with oats, suggestions concerning apple cultui-e, and the corn croj). OKLAHOMA. 167 OKIjAIIOMA. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater. Department i>f Okhihoina A<,n-icultunil and Mechanical College. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Regents: V. J. W'ikoff {President), Stillwater; Governor T. B. Ferguson, Guthrie; H. G. Beard, Siniwtiee; T. J. Hartman (Treasurer), Deei- Creek; H. C. R. Brodboll, Ponca City; \\ . 11. Merten, Guthrie. STATION STAFF. John Fields, B. S., THrectar; Chemist. J. F. Nicholson, M. R., Asmtant Bacte- L. L. I^wis, M. S., I). V. M., Veterinarian. riologld. F. C. P.iirtis, ]\I. R., AijririiltitriKf. E. II. Riley, B. A(;u., A.'^ffistant Animal O. M. .Murri.s, B. 8., Ilorlictiltarist. Hnshandman. VV. R. Shaw, Ph. D., Botanist, Entomolo- A. G. Ford, B. S., Aftmciate Chemist. gi.l»its hut not willi hotrs. In llii^ connection it is worthy of note that the State has rccontly niadc an appiopriation of S-J.noo j)cr aiuiuin for the manufacture and free distrilmtion of \accinc for the j)revention of hlacklctr i" catth\ whicii relieves the station funds of this burden. The collej'-o has recentl}' lioiij^lit 1(50 acres adjoininjif tlie old collej^e farm, which will he available for the use of the station and will lie a i,n-eat help in the beef and pasturage experiments, relieving the stjition of the neccssit}' of liiring pasture at a distance. Farmers' institutes in tlie Territory, which were organized largely under the initiative of the station director and other officers, have l)een placed under the secretary of a lioard of agriculture recently organized, and the expense of conducting them will be met from funds conti'oUcd bv the board. The station will now economize its efl'orts in the institute woi'k by going only to the principal count}' institutes. New assistants in agronoui}', animal husbandry, and bacteriology have been appointed on the stjition stafl", and accommodations for the entomologist and botanist have been provided in the new addition to the librar}'. The courses of study in the college have been reorganized. A school of agriculture and domestic science admitting pupils without examination has been established to take the place of thi> preparatory courses. In this school provision is made for more agriculture and allied subjects than w-as possible in the preparatorj- courses. The school course leads up to the subfreshman year in the college which has been put in for the purpose of raising the requirements in the regular college course one year. The Oklahoma Station is making good progress in the line of devel- opment, and is strengthening its position with the farmers of the Ter- ritory by doing work especially adapted to their innuediate needs. In return, the farmers are loyally supporting the station. The appro- priation for the distribution of vaccine was secured by the active canvass of farmers, and was the first real evidence of their interest in the station. The demands upon the station are growing in extent and importance every 3'ear. The mailing list now contains over 19,000 names, and yet the funds available for printing will allow an edition of onl}'^ 20,000 bulletins. Although the work is well systematized and the funds are handled in a ver}^ economical manner, they are not ad(^- quate for the paj- ment of such salaries as will secure and keep the best investigatoi-s and capable assistants. Neither is the station suitably provided with lalioratoi-ies for the departments of agriculture, chemis- try, and horticulture, or office room for the ofiicers. It needs addi- tional funds for printing, for buildings, and for the extension of important lines of investigation. OREGON. 1G9 LINKS OK WORK. The principal linos of work conducted at the Oklahoma Station dur- ing- the past year were as follows: Chemisti'v; field ('xperinicnts — cereals, pasture, and forage crops, continuous croppintr, rotation experiments, potatoes; horticulture; forestry; diseases of plants; botiinv; improvement of the castor })ean and cotton; animal hus- bandry; feeding experiments; diseases of animals — blackleg, para- sites, dips, loco diseases; and entomology — rHessian fly, cotton-boll weevil, and melon louse. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $1'^, 000. 00 Farm product.s, including balaiu-e from previons year 3, 5.3.S. 82 Total : 18,538.82 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has V)een rendered in accordance with the schedules prescril)ed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal 3'ear were Bulletins 53-57 on common parasites of domestic animals, the improvement of the castor phmt, Bermuda grass, garden vegeta])les, directions for using vaccine for the prevention of blackleg in cattle, and the Annual Report foi- llt<>2. Oregon Experiment Station, Corrnllu. Department of Oregon State Agricultural (College. OOVERNING BOARD. Board of Regents: J. K. Weatherford (President), AJhani/ ; J. T. Apperson, Pari- Place; John D. Daly [Serrelary), Pnrtlavd; B. F. Irvine (IWasarer), CurraHix; W. K. YateH, CorralliK; (Jovernor George F. Chamberlain, Salem; F. I. Dunbar {Secretari/ of Slate), Salem; J. H. Ackerman {State Superintendent of Puhlic. Inxtrnction), Salem; W. 1'. K«'ady, Portland; Benton Killin, Porlland; ^.M.Chwrch, Pagrande; .TdIui D. Olvsfll, Centridpoinl ; B. G. Tjeedy, Ti Department of Ao-riciilture problems of i-otation and t\w »,n-o\vinjif of forage jjlants lia\ c continued to occupy the Icadini:- position. Alfalfa has been grown with marked success in the western part of tlie State, yielding as high as 18 tons of green for- age per acre. The investigations with steamed silage did not show such good results with clover and vetch as with corn. In the feeding experiments excellent results were obtained fi-om soiling dairy cows, and also from feeding skim milk with wheat for fattening swine. In dairying the effects of feeding varying amounts of silage upon the yield of milk, l)utter fat, and body weight were tested, also the efh- ciency of hand separators under farm conditions. The chemical department continued its studies of steamed silage, soils, hop and fruit drying, and fertilizers, and has begun studies on protein in vetch hay and the use of lime in the straw heap as affecting decom- position. The entomologist is studying diseases and insects affecting fruits and grains, and the effect of free arsenious acid in Paris green on foliaoe. The horticulturist has devoted considerable attention to the dates of blooming and ripening of apples and pears. His work with onions shows marked results in favor of starting the seed in boxes and transplanting. The bacteriologist has closed a series of experiments testing the value of ditl'erent methods of treating grain for the prevention of smut. Copper sulphate, formaldehyde, hot water, and hot, dr}' air were tested with results showing the greatest efficiency in destroying spores and tho least injury to the germinating (pialities of the seed in the use of hot, dry air. He has also obtained encoui'aging results in curing cheese in sealed cans with the aid of pure cultures. The fresh curd containing pure cultures is placed in tin cans, pressed over night in a cheese press, and the covers then soldered on. The ripening process is said to result in a cheese of supe- rior and quite uniform flavor, and of a more friable and waxy texture than ordinar}' cheese, without rind or danger of mold. The station has cooperated in the past year with about 100 farmers in different parts of the State in experim(>nts with cereals and forage ])lants; with this Office in irrigation investigations; with the Bureau of PliMit Industry in studying the influence of origin of red-clover seed on yield of crop; with the Bui'eau of Chemistry in studying availa])le plant food in soils, and with the Division of Entomology in studying the San Jose scale and the Asiatic ladybird. The work at Moro, in eastern Oregon, will soon be suspended. The station at Union, which is supported by a biennial appropriation of §20,000 from the State, has continued to devote its work mainh' to investigations with gi-asses and forage plants. This station is cooperating with the liureaii of Chemistry' of this Department in sugar-beet investigations. I'KNNSYLVANIA. 171 The operations of the Oregon Station are considerably cramped for lack of sulKcieiit funds. An arranoement has been made recently l)v wliichsome relief is l)r()iiiilit al)()ut throiio-h a readjustm(>nt of salaries, bnt there is still need of additional funds for work in animal husbandry. The stjition is becoming increasingly popular throughout the State and is producing marked ettects on agricultural practice. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Oregon Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — analytical work, investiga- tions with silage, fertilizers for prune trees, lime in straw heaps, i)lant food in soils, experiments in drying hops and evaporating prunes and apples, soils; tield crops — rotations, variety tests of cereals, grasses, and othei- foi'age crops, fertilizer tests; horticulture; diseases of plants; digestion and feeding experiments with dairv cows and swine, includ- ing soiling experiments with both; entomology, and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: Unitfd States appropriation $15, 000. GO Fami products, including l)alancc lioiu jircvious year 1, 445. 64 Total 16, 445. 64 A repoit of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUlil.ICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were lUdletins 70-75 and the Annual Report for 1902. The follow- ing subjects were treated in the bulletins: Testing milk and cream, stagnant water germs in milk, steamed silage, vinegar making, the cultivation of vegeta))les, and insecticides and fungicides. The annual report included a financial statement, the director's annual rcpoi't, and reports from the different departments, including special articles on cxpeiiments with gypsum on clov(n' and vetch, foot-rot of wheat, and a bacterial blioht of strawberries. s n PKNXS^ LVAXIA. The Pennsylvania State College Agricultural Experiment Station, Slnlr < 'iillri/r. I>cpiirtiiiciit. Ill' tlie I'cnn.syivaiii:! State Colici^c. (JOVERNINO HOAUI). Board of Tnisti-cs — Advisory Coniniittce: John A. Wnout also the respiration calorimeter building which was completed several years ago. The Pennsylvania Station is very much in need of additional funds to develop its scientific investigations. During the past 3^ear the respira- tion calorimeter, representing an investment approximating !^15,0»M), was in actual use less than 300 hours, owing to the fact that there were not funds to provide sufficient help to carry on investigations with this apparatus while investigations were going on in other divi- sions of the station. This is one of the very important lines of investi- gation in animal husbandry in this country and adequate funds should be provided for its support. There is also need of additional funds for a systematic study of the soils of the State and for investigations to aid in the development of the horticultural and poultry interests. The appropriation ahead}' made for the college and station, while it will not directly relieve the station, is very encouraging, owing to the fact that it was secured by the united and persistent demands of the agricultural interests of the State. It is hoped that these interests will contituic to demand recognition through increased appropriations for the investigation of problems aftecting them. LINES OF WORK. The ])riiicipal lines of work conducted at the Pennsylvania Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — cooperation with other departments in the study of foods, feeding stuffs, excreta, fer- tilizers, and agricultural products, miscellaneous anal3'tical work, study of chemical changes in vinegar and vinegar solids, and of varia- tions in the composition of milk, experiments with tobacco, referee work for the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States; meteorology; analysis of fertilizers, foods, and feed- ing stuffs; horticulture — variety tests of small fruits, experiments with crown gall of fruit trees, growing ginseng; field experiments — rotation experiments with fertilizers on 144 plats, rotation of legumes for soiling purposes, variety tests of farm crops; feeding experi- ments — investigations in animal nutrition in the respiration calorim- eter, feeding steers and correlated chemical studies on the relative losses from the manure of fattening cattle under different conditions of feeding; dairying — building up a herd from common stock, feeding dairy cow's, study of the effect of keeping drinking water constantly before cows, effect of variety in the grain ration of cows, experiments to tost the value of a home-mixed calf meal as a substitute for milk in rearing calves. 174 UKl'nUr <>K OKKICK oK KXI'KKIMKNT STATIONS. 1N(X).MK. ' 1^ rill' iiu-oinc «>l' till" station iluiiiij^- tin* past li.scul year was as follows: liiitt'd Statfs appn .priatioii $lo, 001). 00 l.\.,-s 11, 220. 00 Fani. 1 .n .i liictH 2, 547. 08 Miscrllaiu'ons 181. 64 T..tal 28, 948. 72 A rt-port of tlic rci-eipts and cxpt'iiditurcs for the United States fund has hccn riMulercd in accordanci^ with the schedules prescribed l)y this I)ei)artuKMit, and lias been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The piililit-ations of this station received durin3, has been prepared by the special agent in charge of the Porto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, and is given on page 419. RHODE ISIiAND. Rhode Island Ag:ricultural Experiment Station, Kimjston. Department of Khode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. GOVERNING BOAKI). Board of ^Managers: Chas. Dean Kimball {President), Promdcnce; Jesse V. B. Wat- son {Vice-I'residml), Wakefield; C. H. Coggeshall {Clerk), Bristol; Melville Bull {Treasurer), Newport; T. G. Mathewson, East Greenwich. STATION STAFF. H. J. Wheeler, Pn. D., Director; Chemist. G. E. Adams, B. S., Assudant in Field Ex- F. W. Card, M. S., Horliculturint . j)eriments. Cooper Curtice, D. V. S., M. D., Biologist, A. W. Bosworth, B. S., Assistant CJiemist. PoaUrymuii. . A. E. Stene, B. S., Assistant Horticulturist. B. L. Ilartwell, I'm. D., Associate Chemist. Nathaniel Helme, Meteoroloyist. J. W. Kellogg, B. S., Assistant Chemist. S. Aline Nye, Slenofjrapher. AVilhelm Eissing, Assistant Chemist. E. M. Chadwick, Stenographer, Librarian. RHODE ISLAND. 177 GENEllAL OUTLOOK. The features of work at tlie Rhode Island Station do not differ materially from those mentioned in the last report of this Ottice, The most importiint line of work continues to be its tield experiments in studying the relation of fertilizers and soil conditions to fertility. This has included a stud}' of the replacing- power of potash and soda, which has indicated that with certain crops, notahly root crops, soda conserves the soil potash. Results have been obtained indicating that ignited alumina phosphate is of little or no value to most crops when used upon a very acid soil. This substance shows a high percentage of reverted phosphoric acid and is said to be used (^uite extensively in certain read3'-mixed counuercial fertilizers, upon which account these results are considered particularly valuable. Great success has been had in bringing up the poor land of the station farm with a fertilizer fornuila, which has been worked out at the station, and the use of lime, and it is asserted that with this treatment any of the poor land of the State which is not too sandy can be brought up so as to produce 8^ tons of ha}' to the acre. The old worn-out acid soil of the station farm has been renovated by the use of lime and commercial fertilizers in an entirely economical wa}'. The bacteriological flora of limed and unlimed plats is being studied. The horticulturist has begun the selec- tion of red clover with a view to improving it and is testing the effect of tobacco shade cloth on strawberries and a variety of vegetal )les, also the effect of adding new soil and infusions to supply the bacteria to sterilized soils. In the latter experiments nodules were formed oidy upon the roots of the soy beans inoculated by applying new soil. In the biological division studies on the blackhead of turke3's have l)een con- tinued, ))ut without definite results. It is now thought that the disease is transmitted through the egg, although this has not been full}' demon- strated. Increased facilities have been furnished this division by the installation of additional inclosures for chicks, a new heating apparatus for the incubator house, and a very complete outfit for the biological laboratory. Expei-iments in grass culture in cooperation with farmers give promise of results of great practical value. In cooperation with the Bureau of Chemistry of this Department the station has tested the effect of Paris green containing free arsenic, with results very dele- terious to the trees where large amounts of arsenic were present. The agricultural demonstrator employed for th(^ three sunnner months with a Sbite appn^piiation was very successful. He went out to the farm- ers in response to calls, and during the sunnner months there were more demands for his services than could be met. He freciuently visited fonr or five farms on the same day to give advice and demon- strations in spraying, the ti'eatmcnt of soils, and other ])ractical tpies- .S. Doc. 148, nS-2 12 I7y KKI'OUT OK OFFICE OF KXPKKIMENT STATIONS. tions. lit' carried the work of (lie stiition clircrtly to the farmers and also l»roii«,'-lit tlie faiiners iiilo closor touch with tlic colicf^-e l»y cxplaiii- iiiu' till' <»|)i)(>i-tiinitiivs which it all'ordod for aj^ricultural instruction. The work of tiiis otlicer was the more important from the fact that the State has no ornyon L. Butterlield, of Michijran. The KluKle Island Station is unable with its present funds to under- take many of the pioblems in soil renovation and restoration which are in need of solution. One of the first thin<»s which it would under- take if additional funds were provided would be a study of the role of potash and soda in certain ])lants to see what functions the soda accom})lislu\s when it a])pears to replace a certain amount of potash. The materials are at hand for this i)urpose, and the theme woidd undoul)tedly make a very })rotitable one for investigation of the physi- ological role of these constituents. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Rhode Island Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — analytical work in connection with other experimental investigations; meteorology; soils; analysis and inspection of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; field and pot experiments — fertilizers, rotations v. continuous cropping, variety t(\sts, experiments with grasses, comparati\'e tests of insecticides and fungicides; liorticulture^ — rejuvenation of old orchards, manurial experiments with bush fruits, selection and breeding of fruits and vegetables, orchard cover crops, artificial propagation of blackberries, breeding experiments Avith raspberries and black])erries, study of forest conditions, combating insect pests, experiments in grafting; and poultr}' experiments — diseases, brooding, incubation, et€. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: Uniti'd States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Farm i)ni(hictH 1, 227. 92 Miscellaneous, including balance from previous year 1, 251. 50 Total 17, 479. 42 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by thi.'s Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during the past fiscal year were Bulletins 83-92. on improving an orchard, poultry feeding, analyses of commercial fertilize rs, goose septicemia, fowl typhoid, the SOUTH CAROLINA. 179 forests of Rhode Island, coiiinicreial fertilizers, further experiments in top-dressing grass land, l)ush fruits, and the soy beau. SOUTH CAROLiIJ^A. South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clcintsun CoUeije.(^ Departuii'iit of Clemson Agric-ultural College. GOVERNING BOARD. Board of Trustees: R. W. Simpson {President), Pendleton; P. H. E. Sloan [Secretary and Trcaitarer) , ( 'kmson Coll((/f; I). K. 1:^ orris, Cateechee; '^]. L. Donaldson, (IrcoirUle; R. E. Bowen, Briggs; B. R. Tilluian, Trenton; J. E, Bradley, Ilanterti; W. 1). ]Ovaiis, Cheraw; L. A. Sease, Prosperity; J. E. Wamianiaker, St. Matthews; A. T. Siuythe, Charleston; J. S. Garris, Spartanburg; J. E. Tindal, Silver; J. H. Hardin, Chester; II. M. Stackhouae [Secretary of Fertilizer Department), Clemson College. STATION STAFF. p. H. Mell, M. E., Ph. D., Director. C. C. McDonnell, B. S., Assistant Chemist. J. S. ^Q\\ man, Vice- Director; Agriculturist. D. H. Henrj^ B. S., Assistant Chemist. M. B. Hardin, Chemist. C. C. Newman, Ilorticidtnrisl. H. Metcalf, M. A., Ph. D., Botanist, Bac- C. E. Chambliss, M. S., Entomologist. teriologist. G. E. Nesom, B. S., D. V. M., Veterinarian. B. F. Robertson, B. S., Assistant Chemist. B. H. Raw), B. S., Animid Husbandman. F. S. Shiver, Pn. G., Assistant Chemist. J. S. Pickett, Station Foreman. H. Benton, M. S., Assistant Agriculturist. J. N. Hook, Secretary. GENERAL OUTLOOK. The production of plants for hay and for a succession of pasturage is a leading feature of the work of the South Carolina Station. Orchard grass, redtop, Texas blucgrass, Kentucky bluegrass mixed with white clover (for lawn and pasture), and Bermuda grass have been found worthy of cultivation. Bernuida grass and Texas bhiegrass are especially valuable, the former for summer and the latter for fall and spring pasturage. The vetches on Bernuida sod also afford excellent spring pasturage, and hairy vetch sown with oats gave a hirge yield of excellent hay. Crimson clover and Dwarf Essex rape also gave good results. Experiments with sorghum, teosinte, Kalir corn, cow- peas, and velvet beans for hay resulted in favor of sorghum, teosinte, and cowpeas in the order named. The veterinarian of the station is engaged largely in the work of inspection and continues to make use- ful observations regarding the practicability of inoculation against Texas fever and on poultry diseases and miscellaneous disejtses of stock. He is also making some study of the general (juestions of breeding stock and providing a succession of forage crops. The station is cooperating with the Bureau of Chemistry of this Department in studying the available plant food in soils and with farmers along the coast in raising Sea-island cotton and truck and f(^rage plants. Station <* Telegraph oflBce, Clemson College; express un< I Ircight address, Calhoun. ISO KKI'OKT <»K OKKICK (M'' KXl'KUIMKNT STATIONS. ollii'crs took an :i(( i\(' pari during- tlu' past suiiiiiit'r in the fai'iners' institutes. a"J of wiiich wcrr held, with a total attcndaiK*' of o\('i' S,(l()0. At till' roiind-ui) institute held at the eolle«^e. the Ist of Auj^'ust nearly l.odO farmers sjMMit four days in ainost enthusiastic meetiujif. The station is aciiuirinjjf better facilities for work throu<^h the enu'tion of a $;-i,<>(M> l)arii and th(> pui'chase of coiisiderahle live stock. A new aj^ri- cultural huildiii};" for the colleo'(> and station to cost !i^i")(), (>()(», is in pro- cess of construction. The l)uildinpth of 120 feet. The South Carolina Station durinj^ the past year has been underji^oing considerable n'or^'anization, with a view of niakinj^ a clear ditlerentia- tion tu'twcen station and collet«fe work. Sonic proj^ress has been made in this dii'ection by assitrnino- a definite area of land to the station for experimental purposes, erectin*;- a station barn, separatin*^' the station herd from the coilet^-e herd, and rclievino- the vice-director of the inan- ay-ement of the college farm. It is evident, however, that the ati'airs of the station can not b(^ put on a thoroughly satisfactor}' basis and its work pushed vigorously until a separate director clothed with proper authority to outline a general plan of work is appointed. Farmers' institutes have been very successful and a useful means of })ringing the station ofKcers into touch with the people, l)ut they are now la3'ing upon the Hatch fund a heavy ])urden, which should be carried b}'^ the State with funds especially provided for the purpose. With such funds and with additional resources for developing the horticultural work, the South Carolina Station would be in a position to greatly increase its usefulness in the State. LINES OF WORK. The princijxil lines of work conducted at the South Carolina Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — chemistry of Sea- island cotton, j)lant food in soils, analysis and control of fertilizers; field experiments — domestication of native grasses and other forage crops, tests of crops for economic pork production, rotations, tests of sorgluun and Kafir corn for hay; horticulture; plant breeding-^cotton, strawberries; feeding experiments — mainly with dairy cows and poultry ; veterinary science — diseases of poultry, inoculation for Texas fever; entomology — orchard inspection, methods of destroying insect pests of fruits and vegetables; and dairying. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Farm products 1, 687. 63 Total , 16, 687. 63 SOUTH DAKOTA. 181 A n^port of the roceipts and cxjxMidituros for the United Stat(>s fmul has Ihhmi rendered in accordance witli the schedides prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The pii])lication.s of this station received durinji" tlie past fiscal year were Bulletins 72-80 and the Annual Report for 11>02. The ))ulletins include two reports on the analysis of commercial fertilizers, one on Texas fever, and the followinjr: Bermuda j^rass; the standardization of sulphuric acid; the natun^ determination, and distril)ution of the pentosans in the Sea-island cotton; experiments with poultiv; cotton culture; and a rotation study. SOUTH DAKOTA. South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings. Department of South Dakota Ajericultnral College. GOVERNING BOARD. Regents of Erhication: I. W. Goodner {Ptrmlnif), Pierre; Frederick A. Spafford, FUtudreiin; I. D. Aldrich {Secretary), Blgstone; M. F. CJreeley, Ckmj; A. \V. Burtt, Huron; R. M. Slocum, Herreid; R. A. Larson {Secretary and Accountant), BrouJcings. STATION STAFF. J. W. Wilson, M. S. A., Director; Animal A. II. Wheaton, As.v.>()(» in live stock during th(^ j)ast year. Results of the rotation exjieriments durinriiiionts with cciH'iils Mild Icouiiu's was dosti'ovcd diiriiiy this Depart- ment. Tests of these ero})s were also made at Brookings and at the Iliiihniore Substation in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this |)epaitinent. The station is also cooperating with the Bureau of Plant Industry in niakinj^- varic^ty tests of veeetahhvs and in iniprov- inulk of their crops instead of selling the raw pi-oducts. Last 3'ear it was announced that silage could l)e produced for ^1.28 per ton, and this year the station has shown that corn fed rn various combinations to hogs has a feeding value of 81 cents per bushel, and skim milk a feeding value of from 2t) to 30 cents per loO pounds, with pork 5 to 7 cents per pound. The station has been working with difi'enMit crops for silage, and finds that sorghum is nearly as good as corn for this purpose. Soy beans aloni^ were not a success, but mixed wath corn in the ratio of 1 : 2 made good silage. An attempt is l)eingmiidc to find a legume^ which can be grown with the corn and which will climl) cornstulks in sueh a wa}' as not to tangle and make ilifiicult harvesting. Work on winter wheats and other cereals has been contimied for a number of years with results which in- dicate that the .soil and climate of Tennes.see are well adapted to their production and that wheat having excellent milling cjualities is pro duced. Most of this work with forage crops and cereals and also some work' with clover seed is Ix'ing done in coopei'ation with the Bureau of 184 KKl'OKT (»K <»I''KI(^K <>K KXI'EKIMI'^NT STATIONS. I'liiiit Industry of lliis DopartnuMit. Closely i-clatcd to this work is tlic cll'oi't to (l('t(MMiiiMc I he inlliu'iicc of (lillcrciit iiiotluxls of soil trcat- iiifiit on ci'oj) product ion iiiid the Ix'st means of im])T'()viii<4" land tlirouj^h irraziiiiT. Tlie liorticulturist is doiiijr some woi'k with insecticides and with fruits and ve*jetal)les under fertilizers. 'Vho chemist is dcvotinjj considerable attention to fertilizei's and soils and has conducted some dijjestion experiments in connection with the foraj^e and feediu"^ experiments. The f(M-tilizcr inspection has been turned over to the station by the Commissioner of Agriculture and a sepai-ate laboratory for tlie pur- pose lias l)een titted up. A tw'o-story feeding- barn for cattle has ))een erected on the university farm. The farm has been increased to an area of 145 acres by the purchase of adjoinini;- land, and as a result the field and feeding experiments have been reorganized and a per- manent rotation on the farm established. These improvements were made possible through a special appropriation of $1(),()00 for the pur- pose by the last legislature. This is the first appropriation the station has ever had from the State. The library of the station has been con- sidera])h' enlai'ged during the year. The Summer School of the South, conducted und(M- the auspices of the University of Tennessee, had a total enrollment this year (the second of its existence) of 2,150, of whom 1,246 are employed as teachers this A^ear. In the courses given much attention was devoted to rural school subjects, nature study, agriculture, horticulture, and domestic science. The Tennessee Station is strengthening its staff, systematizing its investigations, and extending its facilities for work. Members of the staff, in addition to their station duties, assist the Commissioner of Agriculture in farmers' institute work. In this way and by means of press bulletins, and a j^earbook which is issued annually without ex- pense to the station, its influence is ])eing extended, and it is gradually gaining the su})port of a large num])er of farmers. There are many agricultural prol)lems in urgent need of investigation in Tennessee and the resources of the State are sufficiently great to warrant a much more liberal support to both the university and the station. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Tennessee Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — pot and other experiments with soils, digestion experiments, anal^^tical work; fer- tilizers; field experiments — selection of cereals and legumes, experi- ments with forage crops for soiling and silage, methods of cultivation, green manuring, tests of meadow grasses, grazing experiments, etc. ; horticulture — cultural fertilizer and gi-af ting experiments with orchard and small fruits and vegetables; seeds; weeds; diseases of plants; feeding experiments^ — l)eef and daily cattle and hogs; ento- molog3" and dairying. TEXAS. 185 INCOME. The income of the ^stati()n during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Farm products 5, 582. G7 MiscellaneouH 102. 49 Total 20, 685. 16 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has l)een rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of this station received during- the past fiscal year were the Annual Report for 1902, containing brief reports from the ditferent departments of the station, and Bulh'tins Vol. XV, Nos. 3 and 4, on feeding native steers and the relative value of protein in cotton-seed metd, cowpea hay, and wheat bran. TEXAS. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Department of the State Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. GOVERNING BOARD. Boanl of Directors: M. Sannom {Preindeid) , Fort Worth; F. A. Reichardt, IToiiMon; (teorge T. Jester, Cormamu; W. J. Clay, Austin; P. II. Tol)in, Dmimn; K. K. Legett, Abilene; A. Ilaidusek, Lagrange; L. D. Amsler, Hempstead. STATION STAFF. .T. A. Craig, B. S. A., Director. G. S. Fraps, Pn. D., A.<f this Department iii this work, as wcdl as in studies on the San Jose scale and the Asiatic ladyl)ird. It is also cooperating with tht^ Bureau of Plant Industry in eil'orts to improve the wheat industry in the Middle West, with the Bureau of (-hemisti-y in studies on the available plant food in soils and on the injiuenco of enviroimient on the sugar content of nuiskmelons. The work at the Beeville and Troupe substations is being prosecuted with success, altlK)Ugh handicapped somewhat at the latter place by the resignation of the superintendent in charge. The win tei'-gro wing of vegetables, especially cabbage and cauliflower, has proven a success. A sewage irrigation garden has been established for growing fall vegetables, espeeially potatoes, the fall crop of which keep Ix^tter than the early crop. Experiments with tomatoes and in methods of jilant- ing grapes are also in progress, as well as experiments on peaches in cooperation with farmers in Smith County. The substations in Texas have proven very popular, and continual demands are being made for additional institutions of this nature. However, the substation com- mittee of the Farmers' Congress wisely concludes that it is })etter "to have one new station established with funds sufficient to equip and operate it successf ull}' than to try six weak experiments that would prol)a})ly reflect no credit on the experiment station movement in the final summing up of results." The new building for the departments of chemistry and veterinary science has been completed and occupied, and furnishes good facilities for these departments. Work has ]>een started on an $S,UO<» dair}' barn for the use of the colleofe and the station. At the close of the year the director of the station and dean of the department of agricul- ture of the college resigned to accept the presidency of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and directorship of the station. He has been succeeded by John A. Craig, formerl}^ of the Iowa State College of Agriculture, but for several years engaged in editorial work. The agriculturist resigned to go to Louisiana and has been succeeded by F. S. Johnston, formerly of the Indiana School of Agriculture and station. F. R. Marshall, recently of the Iowa College and station, has been elected associate professor of animal husbandry. J. K. Robertson has been made superintendent of the Beeville Station, vice S. A. Henry; and W. S. Hotchkiss, of Illinois, superintendent of the Troupe Station, which for some months past has been under the direction of E. C. Green, of the horticultural department. The chemist has been given a year's leave of absence for travel and study UTAH. 187 in Europo. R. L, Bonnott, recently director of the Arkansas Station, has been elected superintendent of farmers" institutes. The Texas Station has undertaken and carried throuo-h considera])le work of j^reat Aalue to the fanners of the State, and the latt(U" are very api)re(^iative of the fact. Th<>y have come to the support of the sta- tion in securinj^ a s]KH'ial appropriation for better eipiipment, and for the est;i])lishment of substations to investigate special problems in different localities. The opportunities for investigations of great sci- entific and practical value are almost unlimited in Texas, and what the station especially needs at the present time is a definite policy with reference to plans for station work, with a clear differentiation between college and station work, and then more settled conditions with regard to the stall" of investigators. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Texas Station during the past year were as foHows: ChemistrN'; meteorology; soils; fi(dd experiments — forage crops, variety tests, fertilizer experiments with corn and cotton; horticulture — variety and fertilizer experiments with tomatoes, and experiments with ])erries and figs; feeding exp(>riments; diseases of animals; and in-igation. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal 3'ear was as follows: United States approjjriation $15, 0(K). 00 State appn ii>riati<)ii 5, 000. 00 MiscellaneouH 8, 7.37. 01 Total 2S, 737. 01 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the Tnited States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedule prescribed l>y this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The ])ublications of this station received during the past fiscal year were l^ulletins 65 and GO on the tomato and forage crops. UTAH. Agricultural Experiment Station, Lofjnyi. Department of tlie Ajrricultural ("(illef,'e of I'tali. OOVEKNINfi BOAKI). Board of TniHteen: W. S. McCornic;k {President), Salt lAike Clh/; V. W. Maughan {Secrdnry), Ij)gan; Allan M. Fleming {Treannirer), iMgan; Mrs. Kmily S. Richards, Kill Lake Oih/; .Tohii A. McAli.ster, hxjon; L. Hansen, Loi/nii; Mrs. U. N. Bagley, Ofjdeii, ■ (ieorgv.V. Wliitinore, Xrphi; V.. \i. Owen, Wtllarillt: 188 RKroKT OK OFKICK OK KXTKRIMKNT STATIONS. STATION S'l'AI"!'". J. A. Widtsdo, Pii. D., rUrrclnr; Chnnisl. .]. A. C'rockott, Ass-lstnni Doirifmnn. .Iniin's |)rvilt'ii. .MiirornlofjlKl, I'lui/tri/ Mmi- HolicH Stcwarl, Assisldiil Chfnilxl. ni/ii: William Janlinc, Assi.^lmil AijrtmoiniM. L. A. Merrill, M. S., Af^roiunnist. J. I'.. Nelson, Fana Foreman. W. N. Iliitt. \^. S. A., JIorliniltnriM. Julin Hopkins, Foreman of Pmdtrii DpjhiH- V.. D. I '.all, M.S., liiolnf/ixl. mnil. I;. W. Clark. \\. Sc, Anuiuil Iixbistn/. II. W. Crockett, Foreman of Hortinilfvral W W . Mcl.auLrlilin, Irriijalion Knghieer. (iroundt. W A. >'., Assoiidlc Chemixl. Vvi'il VAMtvr, Foreman in AnlmaUndiiMry. (JENKKAI. OUTLOOK. Inioat ioM coiitiiuu's to he the foundutioii upon whicli most of tlio. invostioiitioiis of tho Utuli Stiition uro hasod. The lines of work in prothods of combating the codling moth, which is the most serious orchard pest in the State. During the ^^ear the irrigation engineer and his assistant resigned, and the former was succeeded by W. W. McLaughlin, formerly assistant chemist of the station. R. W. Clark, formerly of Alabama, has been appointed animal husbandman, and William .lardine, assistant agronomist. The last legislature, in addition to making an appropriation for experiments in dry farming, provided $6,500 for building purposes, $2,000 for ])ul)licatioiis, and appropriations covering the light, water, and fuel bills of the station. The work of the station is attracting a great deal of attention throughout the State and is meeting the api)roval of the people. The increased funds which the station is receiving from the State is an indication of this. The station work is better systema- tized than it has ever been before and all of its funds are carefully husbanded, and yet these funds are not sufficient to carry on the inves- tigations alread}- inaugurated, all of which are of primary importance to the agriculture of the State and should be continued. The station should also have additional funds to further develop its work in irri- gation, animal husbandry, and horticulture. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Utah Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistry — soils, feeding stutfs; alkali soil investigations — reclamation of alkali soils; meteorology; field expeiiments — rotations, testing varieties of cereals, sugar beets and garden vegetal)les, arid farming; horticulture; diseases of plants; cat- tle and sheep breeding; feeding ex})eriments — cattle, sheep, horses; dairying; poultry experiments; irrigation — seepage investigations, water reciuirements of plants and soils. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States approj)riatioii $1;"), 000. 00 Farm crops 8, 634. 64 Total 18, 6;i4. 64 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the ITnited States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has b(>en approved. PUBLICATIONS. The only publication of this station received during the past Hscal 3'ear was Bulletin 77 on horse feeding. 1^)U UEl'UKT OF OFFICE OF EXPFKIMENT STATIONS. VKKMONT. Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, l!iirliiiin})osition of fruits. The cider investi«,rations are in cooperation witii the Bureau of Chemistry of this Department, with which the station is also coopei"atin«^ in suj^ar- heet investigations and studies on the available plant food in soils. The entomoloi>;ist is coopcnitinjr with the Division of Entomolog}' of this I )epartnn'nt in studies on the San Jos6 scale and Asiatic ladybird. The San Jose scale investi«(ations are also aided by State funds. Diseases of orchard trees luuc l)een studied, and a bulhitin dealinj^- with ])ear blii^ht has been publislu^d. The application of j)otash and phosphates to stimidate the trees is recounnended. A i)reliminary study of the crown oall on apple trees has also been completed and published, and one of the conclusions reached is that the disease most likely reaches the nursery through the use of diseased apple seedlings. The agriculturist has been investigating a number of farm products used as hay sul)stitutes and has found corn stover especially valuable. He has recently started a series of 80 plats for rotation work to study rotations with and without leguminous plants grown with and without f(U"tilizers. He is also continuing f,ome work on the bacteriology of soils. The work of the biologist is largely consulting, but he has made some breeding experiments with Lepidoptera and is preparing a bulletin on the birds of the State, which is to supplement a book pul)lished several years ago by another author. A little veterinary work is being done, especially with ticks and other parasites. Several members of the station staff have attended meetings of farmers during the 3'ear and have succeeded in arousing considerable interest in the work of the college and station. Three large lal)ora- tories for the chemical department of the station have been fitted up b}' the college in the new science building. Assistants to tlie station staff have been added in chemistry, horticulture, mycology, and api- culture. The facilities for work at the Virginia Station have been improved, but there is still need of a more efi'ective organization and additional funds in order that investigations commensurate with the importance of the agricultural interests of the State ma}^ be carried on. With the growth of the college the administrative duties of the pres- ident have of necessity been greatl}^ increased and it is impractica))le for that officer to give such attention to the management of the station as is re(juired to secure its greatest efficienc}'. A separate director should therefore be secured and given authority to enforce the prompt and regular execution of definite plans of investigation. This officer should also have opportunity to study and promote the agricultural interests of different regions of the State. The inspection work of the station should be clearly differentiated from its investigations and fully supported by State funds. WASHINGTON. 193 LINE.S OF WORK. The priiu'ipul lines of work roiiducted at the Yirj^inia Station during the })ast year were as follows: Field experiment^ — study of forage plants, corn and other crops, tillage and inanurial experiments, rota- tions; analysis of foods; horticulture; l)acterioloi'V — of milk and soils, critical study of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; feeding experi- ments — feeding steers, study of corn stover, wheat straw, cotton-seed hulls, etc., as substitutes for hay; veterinary science; entomolog}'; cider and vinegar making; and study of ferments. o n INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal year was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Farm proF KXrKKlMP:NT STATIONS, CENKKAL OUTLOOK. Dmiiij: the \)iis[ tiscal yoar llic Wiishin^toii Station has coiitiimcd its ft)rnu'r liiu'sot' work and (Icvclopcd to a coiisidiMabli' extent investi*»a- tions in a»,'rononiy. A larjiv i)artof tiie station farm is now devoted to these invest i«,mtions, ineludinj,' variety and sprayinj^ experiments with wheat, oats, und fora()() for the support of farmers' institutes during the next biennium and this work is being developed. It occupies considerable time of the station staff, but is thought to have a good influence in l)ringing the station into closer touch with the farmers. The work at the Puyallup Su])station has been discontinued owing to the fact that the governor vetoed the appi'opriation of $12,000 for this enterprise. At the close of the year the botanist and zoologist resigned and has since been succeeded by the assistant botanist, li. K. Beattie. Some progress has been made during the year in organizing the work of the station more definitely and in improving its facilities. It is at present doing a larger amount of useful work than ever before. LINES OF WORK. The principal lines of work conducted at the Washington Station during the past year were as follows: Chemistr}'^ — methods of anal3^sis, chemical studies of potatoes and oats, and of fertilizers, foods, and dairy products; botan}" — study of crown gall, black spot, canker, tomato blight, pear blight, grain smuts; bacteriology; soils: — subsoiling and soil treatment; field experiments — tests of grasses for pasture, varieties of oats, barley, emmer, spelt, and einkorn, rotations, time of seeding, sugar beets; horticulture — cover crops and fertilizers for orchards, spraying for apple scab, protection from frost, \arieties of fruits and vegetables, selection of nursery stock; plant breeding — WEST VIRGINIA. 195 cereals, elover, iilt'ulfa. arnl vctclies; disca.ses of plants; feedinij and })reedin KErOKT OF OKFICK OK KXI'KKIMENT STATIONS. (JKNKKAL OUTLOOK. Tlir work of the \\'('s( \'ii"»;-iiiiii Still i<>ii with Few cxtH'ptioiis has hern a (h'\ chtitiiiciil and coiitiiiuatioii (»!' the lines of work outlined in tliflast icporl of this (Xlicc. Tlir holt iciilt iiral inscstie-ations have 1)0011 seriously intorfcrod with Ity fre(|uent chanj^-es in the position of hortieultui'ist. The horticulturist appointed loss than a year a«^"o has roc'ontly aeeeptod a position in (•liai"edino- stuffs and waters, study of pressure as a preservative and of tile papaw as a source of sii*;ai' and vinocrai-, methods of analv- sis; analysis and control of fertilizers; inspection of orchards and nurseries; soils — stud}^ of fertility by use of rotations, j^reen manures, connnci'cial fertilizers and l)arnyard manure, study of acid soils, soils of oi'chard sections, etc.; held experiments — variety tests of cereals and legumes, fertilizer exi)crimcnts with buckwheat, pastures, and meadows; horticulture — adai)tability of mountain-olade lands for truck crops, cran])erries and other fruits, study of causes of winterkilling- in peach orchards, breeding- roses and carnations, forcing experiments with vegetables, studv of effect of cross pollination of the apple and other fruits, insecticides and fungicides for controlling San Jose scale, bitter rot, brown spot, frog eye, and leaf di'op; feeding experiments with sheep; poultrv experiments — production of meat and eggs, incubation, experiments to improve flavor of meat and eggs of domesticated fowls; and entomology — insects injurious to orchards and orchard products. INCOME. The income of the station during the past fiscal vear was as follows: United States appropriation $15, 000. 00 Fees 13, 068. 00 Farm prodnets 932. 00 Miscellaneous 2, 087. 50 Total 31, 087. 50 A report of the receipts and expenditures for the United States fund has been rendered in accordance with the schedules prescribed by this Department, and has been approved. PUBLICATIONS. The piildications of this station received during the ])ast fiscal year were liulletins Sl-88 and a report on the inspection woi-k of the experi- ment station for the years 1901 and 1902. The bulletins were on the following subjects: Vegetable gardening in the mountain glades, peach growing in West Virginia, ami poultry experiments. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin, Mr, Orfurdrinc; I). T. I'arker, Frnnimnre; James M. Tereles, Milimnkcc; Arthur J. I'uls, Mdiranhc; M. ('. Mead, I'/i/niouth; Edward Evans, La Crosse; E. A. Edmonds, Oconto; August J. Myrland, Gntntsburg. 198 HKroKT OK OKFICK OF KXTKUIMKNT STATIONS. SI'AIIo.V S'r'AKI' \V. A. Ilfiiiy. I'.. .\<:i!.. IHrrrtnr. II. L. Iliiss.-li, I'li. J)., lUtrtini.hxjhl. S. ISI. IiulM'ock, I'll. !>.. Assi.sliinl IHrnliir; Iv (i. I l:istiiijr.«, Assixtimt llnclirioloijixt. Cli ief ' 'lu'iii inl. K . A . M 1 11 1 n •, . I i/riiii. S., Assislmit ('hnnist. tnrlst. L. II. Adain.M, F(tnii Snpi'riiiU'utlent. E. II. F:irriii-_'lacr, As.'. KicliuMlH, Axslxliinl Aiihiiul IIiis- G. C. I liim|iliicy, \'t. >^., Aniiniil IhtxIxDid- IhhkIiikiii. man. S(j|)iii(( JM. F>ri^^H, Lihraridii. GENERAL OUTLOOK. Tho woik at tlio Wisconsin Station is ])i()orosHinj^ alonjf substan- tially the same lines as heretofore. Much xaluahlc material has been prei)ar(Hl and i)ul)lished during- the year rejj^arding feeding- experi- ments and other investigations with cows, sheep, and swine; invest! gations in curing cheese at low temperatures, and on other problems in dairying, and in soils. The last legislature appropriatc^d $25,000 for furnishing and equipping the new agricultural building, 5^^15,000 for a new agricultural engineering 1)uilding, $1(». ()(»(! for the purchase of improved live stock, $10,000 for the purchase of additional farm lands, $1,500 annually for two jxars for tobacco investigations, and |>2,500 annually for two years for cranberry investigations. The tobacco investigations have been started at Janesville Center and Rio, where experiments have been conducted in growing Sumatra tobacco and Habana seed-leaf tobacco under shade. The cranberry investigations have been going on for a number of years under the auspices of the Wisconsin State (-ran berry Growers' Association. Th(^ material in the hands of this a.ssociation has been, turned over to the station, and a company (>ngaged in growing cranberries, near Cranmoor, has leased the station 7 acres of land for a cranberry ex[)eriment station. On this area a reservoir has been constructed, and adjacent to this, sit- uated so as to be easily flooded, are plats designed for variety tests, tests with fertilizers, tests in sanding, in controlling water, etc. A small house has been erected nearby for the acconmiodation of emploj^- ees. The station has continued to cooperate with the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry of this Department, in investigations on ripening cheese at low temperatures; with the Bureau of Chemistry, in sugar-beet investigations and studies of plant food in soils; with the Bureau of Plant Industry, in investigations of cereals, forage, and other crop:!, and on the influence of origin of red-clover seed on 3deld of crop, and with this Otlice, in irrigation investigations. WISCONSIN. 199 'Vho !iow iiifriciiltiiijil l»iiil